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  • Wiley  (13)
  • Oxford University Press  (8)
  • Frontiers Media  (7)
  • Seismological Society of America (SSA)
  • 2015-2019  (29)
  • 1
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    The seismogenic thickness in Italy: constraints on potential magnitude and seismic hazard (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-21
    Description: The thickness of the seismogenic layer is a key parameter for seismic hazard, since it can be used to constrain the maximum depth of faulting and the potential magnitude. In this study, we compute the seismogenic thickness in the Italian region by defining the lower seismicity cutoff, using high-quality hypocentral locations of earthquakes that occurred in the past decade. Along the eastern Alps, the seismogenic thickness is about 12–14 km, laterally homogeneous along the entire south-verging thrust front. In the Apennines extensional belt, lateral changes in seismogenic thickness are evident, and correlate with changes in the seismic energy released by past earthquakes. The potential magnitude is larger in the southern Apennines where the seismogenic thickness is greater (16–18 km) than in the northern Apennines where it is less (6–10 km) and seismic energy is partially released by the creeping of faults. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0954-4879
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-3121
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    The OMA orthology database in 2015: function predictions, better plant support, synteny view and other improvements (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-16
    Description: The Orthologous Matrix (OMA) project is a method and associated database inferring evolutionary relationships amongst currently 1706 complete proteomes (i.e. the protein sequence associated for every protein-coding gene in all genomes). In this update article, we present six major new developments in OMA: (i) a new web interface; (ii) Gene Ontology function predictions as part of the OMA pipeline; (iii) better support for plant genomes and in particular homeologs in the wheat genome; (iv) a new synteny viewer providing the genomic context of orthologs; (v) statically computed hierarchical orthologous groups subsets downloadable in OrthoXML format; and (vi) possibility to export parts of the all-against-all computations and to combine them with custom data for ‘client-side’ orthology prediction. OMA can be accessed through the OMA Browser and various programmatic interfaces at http://omabrowser.org .
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Subduction system and flat slab beneath the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-27
    Description: ABSTRACT Seismicity at the northern terminus of the Nazca subduction is diffused over a wide area containing the puzzling seismic feature known as the Bucaramanga nest. We relocate about 5000 earthquakes recorded by the Colombian national seismic network and produce the first 3D velocity model of the area to define the geometry of the lithosphere subducting below the Colombian Andes. We found lateral velocity heterogeneities and an abrupt offset of the Wadati-Benioff zone at 5°N indicating that the Nazca plate is segmented by an E-W slab tear, that separates a steeper Nazca segment to the south from a flat subduction to the north. The flat Nazca slab extends eastward for about 400 km, before dip increases to ∼50° beneath the Eastern Cordillera, where it yields the Bucaramanga nest. We explain this puzzling locus of intermediate-depth seismicity located beneath the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia as due to a massive dehydration and eclogitization of a thickened oceanic crust. We relate the flat subducting geometry to the entrance at the trench at ca. 10 Ma of a thick - buoyant oceanic crust, likely a volcanic ridge, producing a high coupling with the overriding plate. Sub-horizontal plate subduction is consistent with the abrupt disappearance of volcanism in the Andes of South America at latitudes 〉 5°N. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Clustering Genes of Common Evolutionary History (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-17
    Description: Phylogenetic inference can potentially result in a more accurate tree using data from multiple loci. However, if the loci are incongruent—due to events such as incomplete lineage sorting or horizontal gene transfer—it can be misleading to infer a single tree. To address this, many previous contributions have taken a mechanistic approach, by modeling specific processes. Alternatively, one can cluster loci without assuming how these incongruencies might arise. Such "process-agnostic" approaches typically infer a tree for each locus and cluster these. There are, however, many possible combinations of tree distance and clustering methods; their comparative performance in the context of tree incongruence is largely unknown. Furthermore, because standard model selection criteria such as AIC cannot be applied to problems with a variable number of topologies, the issue of inferring the optimal number of clusters is poorly understood. Here, we perform a large-scale simulation study of phylogenetic distances and clustering methods to infer loci of common evolutionary history. We observe that the best-performing combinations are distances accounting for branch lengths followed by spectral clustering or Ward’s method. We also introduce two statistical tests to infer the optimal number of clusters and show that they strongly outperform the silhouette criterion, a general-purpose heuristic. We illustrate the usefulness of the approach by 1) identifying errors in a previous phylogenetic analysis of yeast species and 2) identifying topological incongruence among newly sequenced loci of the globeflower fly genus Chiastocheta . We release treeCl, a new program to cluster genes of common evolutionary history ( http://git.io/treeCl ).
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Reservoir structure and wastewater induced seismicity at the Val d'Agri oilfield (Italy) shown by three-dimensional Vp and Vp/Vs local earthquakes tomography (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-10
    Description: Wastewater injection into a high-rate well in the Val d'Agri oilfield, the largest in onshore Europe, has induced swarm microseismicity since the initiation of disposal in 2006. To investigate the reservoir structure and to track seismicity we performed a high-spatial resolution local earthquake tomography using 1281 natural and induced earthquakes recorded by local networks. The properties of the carbonate reservoir (rock fracturing, pore fluid pressure) and inherited faults control the occurrence and spatiotemporal distribution of seismicity. A low-Vp, high-Vp/Vs region under the well represents a fluid saturated fault zone ruptured by induced seismicity. High-Vp, high-Vp/Vs bumps match reservoir culminations indicating saturated liquid-bearing zones, whereas a very-low Vp, low-Vp/Vs anomaly might represent a strongly fractured and depleted zone characterized by significant fluid withdrawal. The comprehensive picture of the injection-linked seismicity obtained by integrating reservoir-scale tomography, high-precision earthquake locations, geophysical and injection data suggests that the driving mechanism is the channelling of pore pressure perturbations through a high permeable fault damage zone within the reservoir. The damage zone surrounds a Pliocene reverse fault optimally oriented in the current extensional stress field. The ruptured damage zone measures 2 km along strike, 3 km along dip and is confined between low permeability ductile formations. Injection pressure is the primary parameter controlling seismicity rate. Our study underlines that local earthquake tomography also using wastewater induced seismicity can give useful insights into the physical mechanism leading to these earthquakes.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    The shallow magma chamber of Stromboli volcano (Italy) (2017)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2017-05-10
    Description: In this work, we integrate artificial and natural seismic sources data to obtain high-resolution images of the shallow inner structure of Stromboli volcano. Overall, we used a total of 21,953 P readings from an active seismic experiment and an additional 2,731 P and 992 S readings deriving from 269 local events. The well-defined Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs tomograms have highlighted: i) the region where magma cumulates at shallow depths (2-4 km b.s.l.), forming an elongated NE-SW high velocity body (Vp ≥ 6.0 km/s and Vs ≥ 3.5 km/s), with a very fast velocity core (6.5 ≤ Vp 〈 7.0 km/s) of ~ 2 km 3 ; ii) the presence of some near-vertical pipe-like structures, characterized by relatively high P-velocities values, mainly linked to past activity (e.g. Strombolicchio) and iii) a near-vertical pipe like volume with high Vp/Vs (1.78÷1.85), located beneath to the craters (down to ~ 1.0 km b.s.l.), overlying a deeper region (1.0 to 3.0 km b.s.l.) with low Vp/Vs (1.64÷1.69), interpreted as the actual and preferential pathway of magma toward the surface. Our results demonstrate the importance of combining passive and active seismic data to improve, in a tomographic inversion, the resolution of the volcanic structures and to discover where magma may be stored.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    The 2016 Central Italy Seismic Sequence: A First Look at the Mainshocks, Aftershocks, and Source Models (2017)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-27
    Description: The 2016 central Italy seismic sequence consists so far of a series of moderate-to-large earthquakes activating within a few months along a 60-km-long and Apenninic-trending normal-fault system. Regrettably, the high vulnerability of the local infrastructure and the shallowness of the largest events (depth around 8 km) resulted in 299 casualties and more than 20,000 homeless, with great difficulties in the disaster management. The sequence evolved around its largest event ( M w  6.5, 30 October) that occurred right in the middle of a fault system already activated two months before with a first M w  6.0 mainshock (on 24 August) located to the south near the town of Amatrice. Then, another M w  5.9 mainshock occurred just four days before the largest mainshock (26 October) at the northernmost extent of the sequence, near the town of Visso. We analyze the space–time evolution of the first four months of seismic activity through the relocation of ~26,000 earthquakes and the kinematic source models of the three mainshocks. All the main events nucleated at the base of a southwest-dipping normal-fault system segmented by the presence of crosscutting compressional structures. The presence of these inherited faults, separating diverse geological domains, appears to modulate evolution of the sequence interfering with coseismic slip distribution and fault segments interaction. Several secondary antithetic and synthetic faults are located at a shallow depth (〈4 km), both in the hanging wall and footwall. The whole normal fault system, confined within the first 8 km of the upper crust, is bounded below by a shallow east-dipping and 2–3-km-thick layer in which small events plus a series of large extensional aftershocks ( M w  4) occur, possibly decoupling the upper and lower crusts.
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 8
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    Large‐scale forest restoration stabilizes carbon under climate change in Southwest U.S (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Higher tree density, more fuels, and a warmer, drier climate have caused an increase in the frequency, size, and severity of wildfires in western U.S. forests. There is an urgent need to restore forests across the western U.S. To address this need, the U.S. Forest Service began the Four Forest Restoration Initiative (4FRI) to restore four national forests in Arizona. The objective of this study was to evaluate how restoration of ~400,000 ha under the 4FRI program and projected climate change would influence carbon dynamics and wildfire severity from 2010 to 2099. Specifically, we estimated forest carbon fluxes, carbon pools and wildfire severity under a moderate and fast 4FRI implementation schedule and compared those to status quo and no harvest scenarios using the LANDIS‐II simulation model and climate change projections. We found that the fast‐4FRI scenario showed early decreases in ecosystem carbon due to initial thinning/prescribed fire treatments, but total ecosystem carbon increased by 9 – 16% over no harvest by the end of the simulation. This increased carbon storage by 6.3 – 12.7 million metric tons, depending on the climate model, equating to removal of carbon emissions from 55,000 – 110,000 passenger vehicles per year until the end of the century. Nearly half of the additional carbon was stored in more stable soil pools. However, climate models with the largest predicted temperature increases showed declines by late century in ecosystem carbon despite restoration. Our study uses data from a real‐world, large‐scale restoration project and indicates that restoration is likely to stabilize carbon and the benefits are greater when the pace of restoration is faster. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1051-0761
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5582
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 9
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    Pore pressure pulse drove the 2012 Emilia (Italy) series of earthquakes (2018)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2018-01-09
    Description: The 2012 Emilia earthquakes sequence is the first debated case in Italy of destructive event possibly induced by anthropic activity. During this sequence, two main earthquakes occurred separated by nine days on contiguous thrust faults. Scientific commissions engaged by the Italian government reported complementary scenarios on the potential trigger mechanism ascribable to exploitation of a nearby oil field. In this study, we combine a refined geodetic source model constrained by precise aftershock locations and an improved tomographic model of the area to define the geometrical relation between the activated faults and investigate possible triggering mechanisms. An aftershocks decay rate that deviates from the classical Omori-like pattern and Vp/Vs changes along the fault system suggests that natural pore pressure pulse drove the space-time evolution of seismicity and the activation of the second mainshock.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Protective Effect of the Y220C Mutant p53 Against Steatosis: Good News? (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-26
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4652
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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