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  • Meteorology and Climatology; Earth Resources and Remote Sensing  (6)
  • Earth Resources and Remote Sensing  (4)
  • Life Sciences (General); Meteorology and Climatology  (2)
  • Life Sciences (General)  (1)
  • 2015-2019  (13)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1
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    Preface (2015)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-19
    Beschreibung: The potential effects of climate change on the food production system are raising concern both globally and regionally. The system is already challenged to deliver sufficient and healthy sustenance to all people, and is certain to be even further challenged as world population grows and price shocks loom. The prospect of climate change intensifies these challenges, raising the risk that more frequent and intense extreme weather events threaten the stability of agricultural production in regions around the globe. This two-part set is an important contribution to the ongoing Imperial College Press (ICP) Series on Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation. This series aims to provide the know ledge base necessary for understanding and responding to climate change, in both its current form and future manifestations. In these volumes, leading agricultural researchers have come together to contribute their expertise on actual and potential climate change impacts, adaptation strategies, and mitigation efforts. This ongoing series is jointly published by The American Society of Agronomy (ASA), Crop Science Society of America (CSSA), and Soil Science Society of America (SSSA), together with ICP. We hope that this fruitful cooperation will continue for many years to come, as it spurs the global effort to define and meet the great food security and climate change challenges of our time.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General); Meteorology and Climatology
    Materialart: GSFC-E-DAA-TN30769 , Handbook of Climate Change and Agroecosystems; xi
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Assessing Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security Worldwide (2015)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The combination of a warming Earth and an increasing population will likely strain the world's food systems in the coming decades. Experts involved with the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) focus on quantifying the changes through time. AgMIP, a program begun in 2010, involves about 800 climate scientists, economists, nutritionists, information technology specialists, and crop and livestock experts. In mid-September 2015, the Aspen Global Change Institute convened an AgMIP workshop to draft plans and protocols for assessing global- and regional-scale modeling of crops, livestock, economics, and nutrition across major agricultural regions worldwide. The goal of this Coordinated Global and Regional Integrated Assessments (CGRA) project is to characterize climate effects on large- and small-scale farming systems.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General); Meteorology and Climatology
    Materialart: GSFC-E-DAA-TN32428 , EOS; 97; 11; 047387|AgMIP Workshop on Coordinated Global and Regional Integrated Assessments of Climate Change and Food Security; Sep 13, 2015 - Sep 18, 2015; Aspen, CO; United States
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Regional Disparities in the Beneficial Effects of Rising CO2 Emissions on Crop Water Productivity (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are expected to enhance photosynthesis and reduce crop water use. However, there is high uncertainty about the global implications of these effects for future crop production and agricultural water requirements under climate change. Here we combine results from networks of field experiments and global crop models to present a spatially explicit global perspective on crop water productivity (CWP, the ratio of crop yield to evapotranspiration) for wheat, maize, rice and soybean under elevated carbon dioxide and associated climate change projected for a high-end greenhouse gas emissions scenario. We find carbon dioxide effects increase global CWP by 10[0;47]%-27[7;37]% (median[interquartile range] across the model ensemble) by the 2080s depending on crop types, with particularly large increases in arid regions (by up to 48[25;56]% for rain fed wheat). If realized in the fields, the effects of elevated carbon dioxide could considerably mitigate global yield losses whilst reducing agricultural consumptive water use (4-17%). We identify regional disparities driven by differences in growing conditions across agro-ecosystems that could have implications for increasing food production without compromising water security. Finally, our results demonstrate the need to expand field experiments and encourage greater consistency in modeling the effects of rising carbon dioxide across crop and hydrological modeling communities.
    Schlagwort(e): Meteorology and Climatology; Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Materialart: GSFC-E-DAA-TN31623-1 , Nature Climate Change (ISSN 1758-678X) (e-ISSN 1758-6798)
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Multimodel Ensembles of Wheat Growth: Many Models are Better than One (2015)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Crop models of crop growth are increasingly used to quantify the impact of global changes due to climate or crop management. Therefore, accuracy of simulation results is a major concern. Studies with ensembles of crop model scan give valuable information about model accuracy and uncertainty, but such studies are difficult to organize and have only recently begun. We report on the largest ensemble study to date, of 27 wheat models tested in four contrasting locations for their accuracy in simulating multiple crop growth and yield variables. The relative error averaged over models was 2438 for the different end-of-season variables including grain yield (GY) and grain protein concentration (GPC). There was little relation between error of a model for GY or GPC and error for in-season variables. Thus, most models did not arrive at accurate simulations of GY and GPC by accurately simulating preceding growth dynamics. Ensemble simulations, taking either the mean (e-mean) or median (e-median) of simulated values, gave better estimates than any individual model when all variables were considered. Compared to individual models, e-median ranked first in simulating measured GY and third in GPC. The error of e-mean and e-median declined with an increasing number of ensemble members, with little decrease beyond 10 models. We conclude that multimodel ensembles can be used to create new estimators with improved accuracy and consistency in simulating growth dynamics. We argue that these results are applicable to other crop species, and hypothesize that they apply more generally to ecological system models.
    Schlagwort(e): Meteorology and Climatology; Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Materialart: GSFC-E-DAA-TN28990 , Global Change Biology; 21; 2; 911-925
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) Town Hall (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: AgMIP (www.agmip.org) is an international community of climate, crop, livestock, economics, and IT experts working to further the development and application of multi-model, multi-scale, multi-disciplinary agricultural models that can inform policy and decision makers around the world. This meeting will engage the AGU community by providing a brief overview of AgMIP, in particular its new plans for a Coordinated Global and Regional Assessment of climate change impacts on agriculture and food security for AR6. This Town Hall will help identify opportunities for participants to become involved in AgMIP and its 30+ activities.
    Schlagwort(e): Meteorology and Climatology; Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Materialart: GSFC-E-DAA-TN28978 , AGU Fall Meeting 2015; Dec 14, 2015 - Dec 18, 2015; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Next Generation Agricultural System Data, Models and Knowledge Products: Introduction (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: Agricultural system models have become important tools to provide predictive and assessment capability to a growing array of decision-makers in the private and public sectors. Despite ongoing research and model improvements, many of the agricultural models today are direct descendants of research investments initially made 30-40 years ago, and many of the major advances in data, information and communication technology (ICT) of the past decade have not been fully exploited. The purpose of this Special Issue of Agricultural Systems is to lay the foundation for the next generation of agricultural systems data, models and knowledge products. The Special Issue is based on a 'NextGen' study led by the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) with support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
    Schlagwort(e): Meteorology and Climatology; Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Materialart: GSFC-E-DAA-TN36054
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Towards a New Food System Assessment: AgMIP Coordinated Global and Regional Assessments of Climate Change (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Agricultural stakeholders need more credible information on which to base adaptation and mitigation policy decisions. In order to provide this, we must improve the rigor of agricultural modelling. Ensemble approaches can be used to address scale issues and integrated teams can overcome disciplinary silos. The AgMIP Coordinated Global and Regional Assessments of Climate Change and Food Security (CGRA) has the goal to link agricultural systems models using common protocols and scenarios to significantly improve understanding of climate effects on crops, livestock and livelihoods across multiple scales. The AgMIP CGRA assessment brings together experts in climate, crop, livestock, economics, and food security to develop Protocols to guide the process throughout the assessment. Scenarios are designed to consistently combine elements of intertwined storylines of future society including, socioeconomic development, greenhouse gas concentrations, and specific pathways of agricultural sector development. Through these approaches, AgMIP partners around the world are providing an evidence base for their stakeholders as they make decisions and investments.
    Schlagwort(e): Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Materialart: GSFC-E-DAA-TN50534 , Australian Agronomy Conference; Sep 24, 2017 - Sep 28, 2017; Ballarat, Victoria; Australia
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Feedbacks on Crop Yields Under Climate Change (2018)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A critical omission from climate change impact studies on crop yield is the interaction between soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N) availability, and carbon dioxide (CO2). We used a multimodel ensemble to predict the effects of SOC and N under different scenarios of temperatures and CO2 concentrations on maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in eight sites across the world. We found that including feedbacks from SOC and N losses due to increased temperatures would reduce yields by 13% in wheat and 19% in maize for a 3C rise temperature with no adaptation practices. These losses correspond to an additional 4.5% (+3C) when compared to crop yield reductions attributed to temperature increase alone. Future CO2 increase to 540 ppm would partially compensate losses by 80% for both maize and wheat at +3C, and by 35% for wheat and 20% for maize at +6C, relative to the baseline CO2 scenario.
    Schlagwort(e): Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Materialart: GSFC-E-DAA-TN60415 , Agricultural & Environmental Letters (e-ISSN 2471-9625); 3; 1
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Integrating Water Supply Constraints into Irrigated Agricultural Simulations of California (2017)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Simulations of irrigated croplands generally lack key interactions between water demand from plants and water supply from irrigation systems. We coupled the Water Evaluation and Planning system (WEAP) and Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) to link regional water supplies and management with field-level water demand and crop growth. WEAP-DSSAT was deployed and evaluated over Yolo County in California for corn, rice, and wheat. WEAP-DSSAT is able to reproduce the results of DSSAT under well-watered conditions and reasonably simulate observed mean yields, but has difficulty capturing yield interannual variability. Constraining irrigation supply to surface water alone reduces yields for all three crops during the 1987-1992 drought. Corn yields are reduced proportionally with water allocation, rice yield reductions are more binary based on sufficient water for flooding, and wheat yields are least sensitive to irrigation constraints as winter wheat is grown during the wet season.
    Schlagwort(e): Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Materialart: GSFC-E-DAA-TN44917 , Environmental Modelling & Software (ISSN 1364-8152); 96; 335-346
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project: Phase I Activities by a Global Community of Science (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) was founded in 2010. Its mission is to improve substantially the characterization of world food security as affected by climate variability and change, and to enhance adaptation capacity in both developing and developed countries. The objectives of AgMIP are to: Incorporate state-of-the-art climate, crop/livestock, and agricultural economic model improvements into coordinated multi-model regional and global assessments of future climate impacts and adaptation and other key aspects of the food system. Utilize multiple models, scenarios, locations, crops/livestock, and participants to explore uncertainty and the impact of data and methodological choices. Collaborate with regional experts in agronomy, animal sciences, economics, and climate to build a strong basis for model applications, addressing key climate related questions and sustainable intensification farming systems. Improve scientific and adaptive capacity in modeling for major agricultural regions in the developing and developed world, with a focus on vulnerable regions. Improve agricultural data and enhance data-sharing based on their intercomparison and evaluation using best scientific practices. Develop modeling frameworks to identify and evaluate promising adaptation technologies and policies and to prioritize strategies.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General)
    Materialart: GSFC-E-DAA-TN21609 , Handbook of Climate Change and Agroecosystems; 3; 3-24
    Format: application/pdf
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