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  • 2015-2019  (515)
  • 1940-1944  (1)
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  • 1
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    Data Quality of Collocated Portable Broadband Seismometers Using Direct Burial and Vault Emplacement (2015)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-02
    Description: Temporary broadband sensor deployments have traditionally been predominantly emplaced using shallow vaults that require more materials, personnel, and time than direct burial. However, new developments in seismometer and seismograph technology are increasingly facilitating systems that can be directly buried in earth or snow without vault enclosures. We analyze data from two identical shallow vaults installed adjacent to two identical direct burial sites in soft floodplain alluvial and shallow water table conditions near Socorro, New Mexico. Data recorded from these four sensors over eight months in 2012 were assessed to determine if the emplacement type had a significant and systematic effect on data quality. We used metrics derived from power spectral density analysis to examine temporal trends in noise (instrument, installation, and site noise), signal-to-noise ratio for teleseismic and local earthquakes, and magnitude-squared coherence of both noise and earthquake signal recordings. We found that noise on the vault sensors is higher during the transition from spring to summer than for the direct burial sensors. This difference is especially evident on the horizontal components at long periods between 20 and 170 s, with an average of 5.3 dB more noise on the vaults than the direct burials from April to June, indicating enhanced tilt susceptibility for vault emplaced sensors. However, most variability in data quality is comparable between sensors with differing emplacement methods and between sensors with the same emplacement method in this four-station experiment. We conclude that the direct burial emplaced sensors at this test site performed as well as the vault emplaced sensors and that direct burial is preferable when considering data quality and ease of installation. Online Material: Figures of daily median noise levels within the microseism band, monthly probability density functions for the magnitude-squared coherence, and coherence self-noise analysis results.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 2
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    The essential role of the transporter ABCG2 in the pathophysiology of erythropoietic protoporphyria (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is an inherited disease caused by loss-of-function mutations of ferrochelatase, an enzyme in the heme biosynthesis pathway that converts protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) into heme. PPIX accumulation in patients with EPP leads to phototoxicity and hepatotoxicity, and there is no cure. Here, we demonstrated that the PPIX efflux transporter ABCG2 (also called BCRP) determines EPP-associated phototoxicity and hepatotoxicity. We found that ABCG2 deficiency decreases PPIX distribution to the skin and therefore prevents EPP-associated phototoxicity. We also found that ABCG2 deficiency protects against EPP-associated hepatotoxicity by modulating PPIX distribution, metabolism, and excretion. In summary, our work has uncovered an essential role of ABCG2 in the pathophysiology of EPP, which suggests the potential for novel strategies in the development of therapy for EPP.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    1,2-Disubstituted Alkenes as Migratory Insertion Participants in Zn(II)-Promoted Metalloamination/Cyclization of N,N-Dimethylhydrazinoalkenes (2016)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-27
    Description: The Journal of Organic Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01328
    Print ISSN: 0022-3263
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6904
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 4
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    Three dimensional equilibrium solutions for a current-carrying reversed-field pinch plasma with a close-fitting conducting shell (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: In order to characterize the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) reversed-field pinch (RFP) plasmas that bifurcate to a helical equilibrium, the V3FIT equilibrium reconstruction code was modified to include a conducting boundary. RFP plasmas become helical at a high plasma current, which induces large eddy currents in MST's thick aluminum shell. The V3FIT conducting boundary accounts for the contribution from these eddy currents to external magnetic diagnostic coil signals. This implementation of V3FIT was benchmarked against MSTFit, a 2D Grad-Shafranov solver, for axisymmetric plasmas. The two codes both fit B θ measurement loops around the plasma minor diameter with qualitative agreement between each other and the measured field. Fits in the 3D case converge well, with q -profile and plasma shape agreement between two distinct toroidal locking phases. Greater than 60% of the measured n = 5 component of B θ at r  =  a is due to eddy currents in the shell, as calculated by the conducting boundary model.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    TIR domains of plant immune receptors are NAD+-cleaving enzymes that promote cell death (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors activate cell death and confer disease resistance by unknown mechanisms. We demonstrate that plant Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains of NLRs are enzymes capable of degrading nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in its oxidized form (NAD〈sup〉+〈/sup〉). Both cell death induction and NAD〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 cleavage activity of plant TIR domains require known self-association interfaces and a putative catalytic glutamic acid that is conserved in both bacterial TIR NAD〈sup〉+〈/sup〉-cleaving enzymes (NADases) and the mammalian SARM1 (sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1) NADase. We identify a variant of cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose as a biomarker of TIR enzymatic activity. TIR enzymatic activity is induced by pathogen recognition and functions upstream of the genes 〈i〉enhanced disease susceptibility 1〈/i〉 (〈i〉EDS1〈/i〉) and 〈i〉N requirement gene 1〈/i〉 (〈i〉NRG1〈/i〉), which encode regulators required for TIR immune function. Thus, plant TIR-NLR receptors require NADase function to transduce recognition of pathogens into a cell death response.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Tornado Fatalities: An Environmental Perspective (2019)
    American Meteorological Society (AMS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Weather and Forecasting, Ahead of Print. 〈br/〉
    Print ISSN: 0882-8156
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society (AMS)
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  • 7
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    A collimated neutron detector for RFP plasmas in MST (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-24
    Description: The neutron emissivity profile in the Madison Symmetric Torus is being reconstructed through the use of a collimated neutron detector. A scintillator-photomultiplier tube (PMT) system is employed to detect the fusion neutrons with the plasma viewing volume defined by a 55 cm deep, 5 cm diameter aperture. Effective detection of neutrons from the viewing volume is achieved through neutron moderation using 1300 lbs of high density polyethylene shielding, which modeling predicts attenuates the penetrating flux by a factor of 10 4 or more. A broad spectrum of gamma radiation is also present due to the unconfined fusion proton bombardment of the thick aluminum vacuum vessel. A 15 cm cylindrical liquid scintillator of 3.8 cm diameter is used to further increase directional sensitivity. A fast (5 ns rise time) preamplifier and digitization at 500 MHz prevent pulse pile-up even at high count rates (∼10 4 /s). The entire neutron camera system is situated on an adjustable inclining base which provides the differing plasma viewing volumes necessary for reconstruction of the neutron emissivity profile. This profile, directly related to the fast-ion population, allows for an investigation of the critical fast-ion pressure gradient required to destabilize a neutral beam driven Alfvénic mode which has been shown to transport fast ions.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    Impacts of Management Practices on Bioenergy Feedstock Yield and Economic Feasibility on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Grasslands (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-22
    Description: Perennial grass mixtures planted on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land are a potential source of dedicated bioenergy feedstock. Long-term nitrogen (N) and harvest management are critical factors for maximizing biomass yield while maintaining the longevity of grass stands. A six-year farm-scale study was conducted to understand the impact of weather variability on biomass yield, determine optimal N fertilization and harvest timing management practices for sustainable biomass production, and estimate economic viability at six CRP sites in the U.S. Precipitation during the growing season was a critical factor for annual biomass production across all regions, and annual biomass production was severely reduced when growing season precipitation was below 50% of average. The N rate of 112 kg ha −1 produced the highest biomass yield at each location. Harvest timing resulting in the highest biomass yield was site-specific and was a factor of predominant grass type, seasonal precipitation, and the number of harvests taken per year. The use of N fertilizer for yield enhancement unambiguously increased the cost of biomass regardless of the harvest timing for all six sites. The breakeven price of biomass at the farmgate ranged from $37 to $311 Mg −1 depending on the rate of N application, timing of harvesting and location when foregone opportunity costs were not considered. Breakeven prices ranged from $69 to $526 Mg −1 when the loss of CRP land rental payments were included as opportunity costs. Annual cost of the CRP to the federal government could be reduced by over 8% in the states included in this study; however, this would require the biomass price to be much higher than in the case where the landowner receives the CRP land rent. This field research demonstrated the importance of long-term, farm-scale research for accurate estimation of biomass feedstock production and economic viability from perennial grasslands. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1757-1693
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-1707
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
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    Complementary feature selection from alternative splicing events and gene expression for phenotype prediction (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-02
    Description: Motivation: A central task of bioinformatics is to develop sensitive and specific means of providing medical prognoses from biomarker patterns. Common methods to predict phenotypes in RNA-Seq datasets utilize machine learning algorithms trained via gene expression. Isoforms, however, generated from alternative splicing, may provide a novel and complementary set of transcripts for phenotype prediction. In contrast to gene expression, the number of isoforms increases significantly due to numerous alternative splicing patterns, resulting in a prioritization problem for many machine learning algorithms. This study identifies the empirically optimal methods of transcript quantification, feature engineering and filtering steps using phenotype prediction accuracy as a metric. At the same time, the complementary nature of gene and isoform data is analyzed and the feasibility of identifying isoforms as biomarker candidates is examined. Results: Isoform features are complementary to gene features, providing non-redundant information and enhanced predictive power when prioritized and filtered. A univariate filtering algorithm, which selects up to the N highest ranking features for phenotype prediction is described and evaluated in this study. An empirical comparison of pipelines for isoform quantification is reported by performing cross-validation prediction tests with datasets from human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, human patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) transgenic mice, each including samples of diseased and non-diseased phenotypes. Availability and Implementation: https://github.com/clabuzze/Phenotype-Prediction-Pipeline.git Contact: clabuzze@iastate.edu , antoniom@bc.edu , watsondk@musc.edu , andersonpe2@cofc.edu
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Radiative lifetimes of the bound excited states of Pt^{−} (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-07
    Description: Author(s): K. C. Chartkunchand, M. Kamińska, E. K. Anderson, M. K. Kristiansson, G. Eklund, O. M. Hole, R. F. Nascimento, M. Blom, M. Björkhage, A. Källberg, P. Löfgren, P. Reinhed, S. Rosén, A. Simonsson, R. D. Thomas, S. Mannervik, V. T. Davis, P. A. Neill, J. S. Thompson, D. Hanstorp, H. Zettergren, H. Cederquist, and H. T. Schmidt The intrinsic radiative lifetimes of the 5 d 10 6 s S 1 / 2 2 and 5 d 9 6 s 2   D 3 / 2 2 bound excited states in the platinum anion Pt − have been studied at cryogenic temperatures at the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring Experiment (DESIREE) facility at Stockholm University. The intrinsic lifetime of the higher-lying 5 d 10 … [Phys. Rev. A 94, 032501] Published Tue Sep 06, 2016
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular structure and dynamics
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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