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  • 1
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    High-energy, high-fat lifestyle challenges an Arctic apex predator, the polar bear (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-03
    Description: Regional declines in polar bear ( Ursus maritimus ) populations have been attributed to changing sea ice conditions, but with limited information on the causative mechanisms. By simultaneously measuring field metabolic rates, daily activity patterns, body condition, and foraging success of polar bears moving on the spring sea ice, we found that high metabolic rates (1.6 times greater than previously assumed) coupled with low intake of fat-rich marine mammal prey resulted in an energy deficit for more than half of the bears examined. Activity and movement on the sea ice strongly influenced metabolic demands. Consequently, increases in mobility resulting from ongoing and forecasted declines in and fragmentation of sea ice are likely to increase energy demands and may be an important factor explaining observed declines in body condition and survival.
    Keywords: Ecology, Physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Measurement Approach and Design of the CubeSat Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (CIRAS) (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The CubeSat Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (CIRAS) will measure upwelling infrared radiation of the Earth in the MWIR region of the spectrum from space on a CubeSat. The observed radiances can be assimilated into weather forecast models and be used to retrieve lower tropospheric temperature and water vapor for climate studies. Multiple units can be flown to improve temporal coverage or in formation to provide new data products including 3D motion vector winds. CIRAS incorporates key new instrument technologies including a 2D array of High Operating Temperature Barrier Infrared Detector (HOT-BIRD) material, selected for its high uniformity, low cost, low noise and higher operating temperatures than traditional materials. The detectors are hybridized to a commercial ROIC and commercial camera electronics. The second key technology is an MWIR Grating Spectrometer (MGS) designed to provide imaging spectroscopy for atmospheric sounding in a CubeSat volume. The MGS has no moving parts and includes an immersion grating to reduce the volume and reduce distortion. The third key technology is an infrared blackbody fabricated with black silicon to have very high emissivity in a flat plate construction. JPL will also develop the mechanical, electronic and thermal subsystems for CIRAS, while the spacecraft will be a commercially available CubeSat. The integrated system will be a complete 6U CubeSat capable of measuring temperature and water vapor profiles with good lower tropospheric sensitivity. The CIRAS is the first step towards the development of an Earth Observation Nanosatellite Infrared (EON-IR) capable of meeting the replacement needs of the CrIS on JPSS.
    Keywords: Geosciences (General)
    Type: JPL-CL-16-3382 , SPIE Optics and Photonics; Aug 28, 2016 - Sep 01, 2016; San Diego, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Earth Observation NanoSatellite - Infrared (EON-IR) 2016 Study Kickoff (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-14
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Geosciences (General)
    Type: JPL-CL-16-4535 , EON-IR Kickoff; Sep 21, 2016; Pasadena, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Capturing Complete Spatial Context in Satellite Observations of Greenhouse Gases (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-06
    Description: Scientific consensus from a 2015 pre-Decadal Survey workshop highlighted the essential need for a wide-swath (mapping) low earth orbit (LEO) instrument delivering carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements with global coverage. OCO-2 pioneered space-based CO2 remote sensing, but lacks the CH4, CO and mapping capabilities required for an improved understanding of the global carbon cycle. The Carbon Balance Observatory (CARBO) advances key technologies to enable high-performance, cost-effective solutions for a space-based carbon-climate observing system. CARBO is a compact, modular, 15-30 field of view spectrometer that delivers high-precision CO2, CH4, CO and solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) data with weekly global coverage from LEO. CARBO employs innovative immersion grating technologies to achieve diffraction-limited performance with OCO-like spatial (2 x 2 sq.km) and spectral (/ 20,000) resolution in a package that is 〉50% smaller, lighter and more cost-effective. CARBO delivers a 25- to 50-fold increase in spatial coverage compared to OCO-2 with no loss of detection sensitivity. Individual CARBO modules weigh 〈 20 kg, opening diverse new space-based platform opportunities.
    Keywords: Geosciences (General)
    Type: JPL-CL-CL#17-0939 , 2016 SPIE Imaging Spectrometry XXI; Aug 29, 2016 - Aug 30, 2016; San Diego, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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