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  • 2015-2019  (543)
  • 1965-1969  (98)
  • 1960-1964  (61)
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  • 1
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    Subsurface Sand Remobilization and Injection (2019)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Keywords: subsurface ; sand ; sandstone ; facies
    Description / Table of Contents: 10 September 2019 --- Basement-hosted sand injectites: use of field examples to advance understanding of hydrocarbon reservoirs in fractured crystalline basement rocks / C. S. Siddoway, G. Palladino, G. Prosser, D. Freedman and W. Cody Duckworth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 493, 10 September 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP493-2018-140 --- 25 July 2019 --- Development of the Brimmond Sand Fairway / L. A. van Oorschot, J. R. Pyle, G. W. Byerley and P. T. S. Rose / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 493, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP493-2017-350 --- The Tumey Giant Injection Complex, Tumey Hill, California (USA) / G. Zvirtes, A. Hurst, R. P. Philipp, G. Palladino and A. Grippa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 493, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP493-2019-3 --- 12 July 2019 --- Reconstruction of subsurface sand remobilization from seismic data / Andreas W. Laake / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 493, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP493-2017-306 --- 3 July 2019 --- Sand Pipe Formation by liquefaction and sand injection: Examples from Kodachrome Basin State Park, Utah, USA / Ian Davison / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 493, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP493-2017-349 --- Relationship between bowl-shaped clastic injectites and parent sand depletion; implications for their scale invariant morphology and composition / S. L. Cobain, D. M. Hodgson, J. Peakall and S. Y. Silcock / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 493, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP493-2018-80
    Edition: online first
    URL: https://sp.lyellcollection.org/online-first/493
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    Post-Exercise Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Related to Plasma Cytokines and Muscle IL-6 Protein Content, but not Muscle Cytokine mRNA Expression (2015)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-09
    Electronic ISSN: 2296-861X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Frontiers Media
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Consumption of an Anthocyanin-Rich Extract Made From New Zealand Blackcurrants Prior to Exercise May Assist Recovery From Oxidative Stress and Maintains Circulating Neutrophil Function: A Pilot Study (2019)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-29
    Electronic ISSN: 2296-861X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Frontiers Media
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  • 4
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    Boron-Doped C24 Fullerenes for Alkyl Functionalization or Potential Polymerization (2018)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-25
    Electronic ISSN: 2470-1343
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 5
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    How concave are river channels? (2018)
    In:  Earth Surface Dynamics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-21
    Description: For over a century, geomorphologists have attempted to unravel information about landscape evolution, and processes that drive it, using river profiles. Many studies have combined new topographic datasets with theoretical models of channel incision to infer erosion rates, identify rock types with different resistance to erosion, and detect potential regions of tectonic activity. The most common metric used to analyse river profile geometry is channel steepness, or ks. However, the calculation of channel steepness requires the normalisation of channel gradient by drainage area. This normalisation requires a power law exponent that is referred to as the channel concavity index. Despite the concavity index being crucial in determining channel steepness, it is challenging to constrain. In this contribution, we compare both slope–area methods for calculating the concavity index and methods based on integrating drainage area along the length of the channel, using so-called “chi” (χ) analysis. We present a new χ-based method which directly compares χ values of tributary nodes to those on the main stem; this method allows us to constrain the concavity index in transient landscapes without assuming a linear relationship between χ and elevation. Patterns of the concavity index have been linked to the ratio of the area and slope exponents of the stream power incision model (m∕n); we therefore construct simple numerical models obeying detachment-limited stream power and test the different methods against simulations with imposed m and n. We find that χ-based methods are better than slope–area methods at reproducing imposed m∕n ratios when our numerical landscapes are subject to either transient uplift or spatially varying uplift and fluvial erodibility. We also test our methods on several real landscapes, including sites with both lithological and structural heterogeneity, to provide examples of the methods' performance and limitations. These methods are made available in a new software package so that other workers can explore how the concavity index varies across diverse landscapes, with the aim to improve our understanding of the physics behind bedrock channel incision.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    A segmentation approach for the reproducible extraction and quantification of knickpoints from river long profiles (2019)
    In:  Earth Surface Dynamics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-21
    Description: Changes in the steepness of river profiles or abrupt vertical steps (i.e. waterfalls) are thought to be indicative of changes in erosion rates, lithology or other factors that affect landscape evolution. These changes are referred to as knickpoints or knickzones and are pervasive in bedrock river systems. Such features are thought to reveal information about landscape evolution and patterns of erosion, and therefore their locations are often reported in the geomorphic literature. It is imperative that studies reporting knickpoints and knickzones use a reproducible method of quantifying their locations, as their number and spatial distribution play an important role in interpreting tectonically active landscapes. In this contribution we introduce a reproducible knickpoint and knickzone extraction algorithm that uses river profiles transformed by integrating drainage area along channel length (the so-called integral or χ method). The profile is then statistically segmented and the differing slopes and step changes in the elevations of these segments are used to identify knickpoints, knickzones and their relative magnitudes. The output locations of identified knickpoints and knickzones compare favourably with human mapping: we test the method on Santa Cruz Island, CA, using previously reported knickzones and also test the method against a new dataset from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in Brazil. The algorithm allows for the extraction of varying knickpoint morphologies, including stepped, positive slope-break (concave upward) and negative slope-break knickpoints. We identify parameters that most affect the resulting knickpoint and knickzone locations and provide guidance for both usage and outputs of the method to produce reproducible knickpoint datasets.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    State of the climate in 2018 (2019)
    In:  EPIC3Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100(9), pp. SI-S305
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 8
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    Bottlenose dolphins modify behavior to reduce metabolic effect of tag attachment (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2014. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of The Company of Biologists for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Biology 217 (2014): 4229-4236, doi:10.1242/​jeb.108225.
    Description: Attaching bio-telemetry or -logging devices (‘tags’) to marine animals for research and monitoring adds drag to streamlined bodies, thus affecting posture, swimming gaits and energy balance. These costs have never been measured in free-swimming cetaceans. To examine the effect of drag from a tag on metabolic rate, cost of transport and swimming behavior, four captive male dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were trained to swim a set course, either non-tagged (n=7) or fitted with a tag (DTAG2; n=12), and surface exclusively in a flow-through respirometer in which oxygen consumption (Graphic) and carbon dioxide production (Graphic; ml kg−1 min−1) rates were measured and respiratory exchange ratio (Graphic/Graphic) was calculated. Tags did not significantly affect individual mass-specific oxygen consumption, physical activity ratios (exercise Graphic/resting Graphic), total or net cost of transport (COT; J m−1 kg−1) or locomotor costs during swimming or two-minute recovery phases. However, individuals swam significantly slower when tagged (by ~11%; mean ± s.d., 3.31±0.35 m s−1) than when non-tagged (3.73±0.41 m s−1). A combined theoretical and computational fluid dynamics model estimating drag forces and power exertion during swimming suggests that drag loading and energy consumption are reduced at lower swimming speeds. Bottlenose dolphins in the specific swimming task in this experiment slowed to the point where the tag yielded no increases in drag or power, while showing no difference in metabolic parameters when instrumented with a DTAG2. These results, and our observations, suggest that animals modify their behavior to maintain metabolic output and energy expenditure when faced with tag-induced drag.
    Description: This project was funded by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program [National Science Foundation via the Office of Naval Research, N00014-11-1-0113]. J.v.d.H. was supported by a Postgraduate Scholarship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
    Description: 2015-10-16
    Keywords: DTAG ; Respirometry ; Drag ; Bio-logging ; Transmitter ; Cost of transport ; Tagging
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 9
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    ITAG : an eco-sensor for fine-scale behavioral measurements of soft-bodied marine invertebrates (2016)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Animal Biotelemetry 3 (2015): 31, doi:10.1186/s40317-015-0076-1.
    Description: Soft-bodied marine invertebrates comprise a keystone component of ocean ecosystems; however, we know little of their behaviors and physiological responses within their natural habitat. Quantifying ocean conditions and measuring organismal responses to the physical environment is vital to understanding the species or ecosystem-level influences of a changing ocean. Here we describe a novel, soft-bodied invertebrate eco-sensor tag (the ITAG), its trial attachments to squid and jellyfish, and the fine-scale behavioral measurements recorded on captive animals. Tags were deployed on five jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) and eight squid (Loligo forbesi) in laboratory conditions for up to 24 h. Using concurrent video and tag data, movement signatures for specific behaviors were identified. These behaviors included straight swimming (for jellyfish), and finning, jetting, direction reversal and turning (for squid). Overall activity levels were quantified using the root-mean-squared magnitude of acceleration, and finning was found to be the dominant squid swimming gait during captive squid experiments. External light sensors on the ITAG were used to compare squid swimming activity relative to ambient light across a ca. 20-h trial. The deployments revealed that while swimming was continuous for captive squid, energetically costly swimming behaviors (i.e., jetting and rapid direction reversals) occurred infrequently. These data reflect the usefulness of the ITAG to study trade-offs between behavior and energy expenditure in captive and wild animals. These data demonstrate that eco-sensors with sufficiently high sampling rates can be applied to quantify behavior of soft-bodied taxa and changes in behavior due to interactions with the surrounding environment. The methods and tool described here open the door for substantial lab and field-based measurements of fine-scale behavior, physiology, and concurrent environmental parameters that will inform fisheries management, and elucidate the ecology of these important keystone taxa.
    Description: This work was supported by WHOI’s Ocean Life Institute and the Innovative Technology Program, Hopkins Marine Station’s Marine Life Observatory (to KK), as well as the National Science Foundation’s Ocean Acidification Program (to TAM) and NSF’s Program for Innovative Development of Biological Research (to TAM, KK and KAS).
    Keywords: Jellyfish ; Cephalopod ; Activity pattern ; Activity pattern ; Climate ; High-temporal resolution ; Sensory
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 10
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    Ocean acidification risk assessment for Alaska’s fishery sector (2015)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Progress in Oceanography 136 (2015): 71-91, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2014.07.001.
    Description: The highly productive fisheries of Alaska are located in seas projected to experience strong global change, including rapid transitions in temperature and ocean acidification-driven changes in pH and other chemical parameters. Many of the marine organisms that are most intensely affected by ocean acidification (OA) contribute substantially to the state’s commercial fisheries and traditional subsistence way of life. Prior studies of OA’s potential impacts on human communities have focused only on possible direct economic losses from specific scenarios of human dependence on commercial harvests and damages to marine species. However, other economic and social impacts, such as changes in food security or livelihoods, are also likely to result from climate change. This study evaluates patterns of dependence on marine resources within Alaska that could be negatively impacted by OA and current community characteristics to assess the potential risk to the fishery sector from OA. Here, we used a risk assessment framework based on one developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to analyze earth-system global ocean model hindcasts and projections of ocean chemistry, fisheries harvest data, and demographic information. The fisheries examined were: shellfish, salmon and other finfish. The final index incorporates all of these data to compare overall risk among Alaska’s federally designated census areas. The analysis showed that regions in southeast and southwest Alaska that are highly reliant on fishery harvests and have relatively lower incomes and employment alternatives likely face the highest risk from OA. Although this study is an intermediate step toward our full understanding, the results presented here show that OA merits consideration in policy planning, as it may represent another challenge to Alaskan communities, some of which are already under acute socio-economic strains.
    Description: This study is part of the Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) and was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program through Interagency Agreement No. M11PG00034 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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