ALBERT

Notes: A family with examples of the rare condition known as ‘inherited mosaicism affecting the ABO blood groups’ has been studied. In this family there were five examples of Bmos:O mosaicism. Blood group gene-specified transferase estimations were studied in this condition for the first time. In ‘affected' members, levels of B gene-specified transferease were low, and amounted to only 7-10% of the activity of a normal control. It is proposed that Bmos is correctly classified as a new form of weak B.

Notes: Cad, Sd(a++) or Super Sda is a rare, inherited, dominant blood group character which is of much interest, not only with regard to problems in pretransfusion tests (erythrocyte polyagglutination) but also in the field of lectin specificity. We have studied this blood group character in a British family with Eastern connections and present a brief account of its serological and clinical importance. Most persons are Sd(a+) but there is a wide distribution of antigen strength, ranging from ordinary Sd(a+) to Cad. Most persons also have weak anti-Sda in their serum; this is ordinarily of no clinical importance, but could cause problems if Cad bloods are transfused. The chief structural determinant of Cad specificity is N-acetyl-d-galactosamine in α-linked position, yet it is clearly distinguishable by use of appropriate lectins from other blood group antigens, A and Tn, which also have this acetyl-hexosamine as their chief structural determinant. A method for the rapid identification of Cad, applicable to all ABO groups, is described. The lectin of Dolichos biflorus, which is specific for N-acetyl-d-galactosamine in α-linked position, reacts strongly with A(A1), Tn and Cad cells, its action on Cad cells being much the strongest. Absorption-elution studies show that one and the same lectin reacts with both A1 and Tn cells. Absorption with Cad cells abolishes activity for A1, Tn and Cad cells; whereas absorption with A1 or Tn cells leaves activity for Cad. This does not necessarily indicate that anti-Cad is a separate component since the same result can be obtained by simply diluting the Dolichos reagent. However, eluates from Cad cells react only with Cad cells, whereas eluates from A1 or Tn cells react with A1, Tn and Cad cells.

Notes: : An investigation of treated municipal wastewaters discharged into Texas streams was conducted to determine the probable effect of concentrations of ammonia in receiving waters, based on existing data on ammonia levels which are lethal to various species of fish. Recorded data for most Texas cities were analyzed. Based on existing toxicity criteria for ammonia of 1/10 TLm= 0.31 mg/1 NH3-N, employing known discharge flow rates, and 7-day, 5-year or 7-day, 10-year low flows in Texas streams, appreciable numbers of sites were found to pose a threat to various species of fish. Using the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) as a median tolerance limit species, data from 65 cities which met the aforecited requirements, were analyzed. Those included a total of 92 wastewater effluents. Sixty-nine percent of those cities and 70% of their effluents exceeded the 0.31 mg/1 NH3-N limit in the stream below the discharge point. Thirty-seven percent of the cities equaled or exceeded the 96-hour TLm concentration limit of 3.1 mg/1 ammonia. Based on the 10 mg/1 NO3-N standard for intake water for potable supplies, 32% of the effluents resulted in a stream concentration which exceeded 10 mg/1, assuming a straight conversion of NH3-N to NO3-N.

Notes: : The optimization of real-time operations for a single reservoir system is studied. The objective is to maximize the sum of hourly power generation over a period of one day subject to constraints of hourly power schedules, daily flow requirement for water supply and other purposes, and the limitations of the facilities. The problem has a nonlinear concave objective function with nonlinear concave and linear constraints. Nonlinear Duality Theorems and Lagrangian Procedures are applied to solve the problem where the minimization of the Lagrangian is carried out by a modified gradient projection technique along with an optimal stepsize determination routine. The dimension of the problem in terms of the number of variables and constraints is reduced by eliminating the 24 continuity equations with a special implicit routine. A numerical example is presented using data provided by the Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California.

Notes: Normal analytical photogrammetric methods are applied to Mariner 9 A pictures of the Martian volcano identified with the spot known as Nix Olympica in the classical Mars maps. The positions on the television-type images are determined by counts of rows and columns rather than by comparator measures. The method shown in this paper is general and may be used to survey a planetary body with a known rotation period. The small image scale and narrow field characteristics impose definite limits on the precision attained, despite some redundancy. Radii are determined to ± 20 km and relative altitudes to ± 4 km. The solutions based on the use of the telemetered camera orientations, without use of the correspondence conditions, are as good as the photogrammetric solutions. The results indicate the need for larger scales (larger focal lengths) and more convergence. Nix Olympica rises about 20 km to 23 km above the surrounding plain and is encircled by a basal cliff about 3 km high.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméOn décrit l'application des méthodes de la photogrammétrie analytique à l'exploitation des clichés Mariner 9 A du volcan martien qui coincide avec la tache baptisée Nix Olympica sur les cartes classiques. Les coordonnées des points-image sont déterminées par comptage de rangs et de colonnes plutôt que par mesures-comparateur. La méthode décrite est générale et peut s'appliquer à la cartographie de tout corps planétaire de période de rotation connue. La très petite échelle des clichés, et l'étroitesse du champ limitent l'exactitude obtenue, à± 20 km pour les distances et ± 4 km pour les dénivelées. Les solutions basées sur Vemploi des éléments connus de l'orientation externe des caméras et non plus sur la notion des points-image homologues sont ici aussi satisfaisantes que les solutions classiques. On conclut qu'il faudrait des clichés à plus grande échelle (focale plus longue) et plus de convergence. Le volcan domine la plaine de 20 à 23 km; il est entouréà sa base d'une falaise haute de 3 km environ.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ZusammenfassungDie bekannten Verfahren der analytischen Photogrammetrie wurden auf Mariner 9 A Photos des Martian Vulkans angewendet, der mit Hilfe des in klassischen Marskarten als Nix Olympica bekannten hellen Fleckes identifiziert wurde. Die Positionen der Fernsehbilder wurden durch Auszählen von Zeilen und Spalten und nicht durch Komparatormessungen bestimmt. Die in diesem Artikel dargestellte Methode ist allgemein und kann zur Vermessung eines planetaren Körpers mit bekannter Rotationsperiode verwendet werden. Der kleine Bildmassstab und die Schmalwinkel-Charakteristika begrenzen die erreichbare Präzision trotz einer gewissen Redundanz. Die Radien werden auf ± 20 km und relative Höhen auf ± 4 km bestimmt. Die Lösungen, die auf der Verwendung telemetrisch bestimmter Kammerorientierungen ohne Verwendung von Schnittbedingungen basieren, sind dem photogrammetrischen ebenbürtig. Die Ergebnisse besagen, dass grössere Massstäbe (längere Brennweiten) und bessere Konvergenz benötigt werden. Nix Olympica erhebt sich 20 km bis 23 km über die umgebende Ebene und wird von einem etwa 3 km hohen Felsriff umgeben.

Notes: The following article and correspondence have been reproduced from ‘The Photogrammetric Review,’ the journal of the Ordnance Survey Photogrammetric Society, by permission of the editor, as it is relevant to the paper by Professor Thompson, published in ‘The Photogrammetric Record,’ Vol. 1, No. 1, of March, 1953.