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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 22 (1983), S. 1607-1610 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 258 (1980), S. 954-959 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The polymerization of acrylamide initiated by Ce 44+/L-cysteine redox system has been studied at 35 ± 0.2 °C in dark under nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of monomer,L-cysteine, Ce4+ and sulphuric acid concentration and temperature on the rate of polymerization has been studied. The rate may be expressed by the following equation:R p α[M] [Ce4+]0.5 [Cysteine]0.44 The overall energy of activation is 4.78 kcal/deg/mole in the investigated range of temperature 30–50 °C. Molecular weight of the polymer is independent of catalyst concentration but increases with increasing monomer concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 23 (1984), S. 195-206 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Black coal ; oil ; suspension ; ageing ; power-law model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The rheological study of coal-oil suspensions is very important because of their application in many industries as alternative fuels to petroleum oil. In this work, the flow behaviour of black coal-oil suspension was studied for a range of coal volume fractions from 0.0378 to 0.427. Shear stresses were measured for shear rates up to 200 s−1 using a Weissenberg Rheogoniometer. All the suspensions behaved like non-Newtonian liquids and exhibited significant increases in apparent viscosity on storage. The flow behaviour of both freshly prepared and aged suspensions was able to be described by power-law models. A model similar to that given by Chong was used to establish relation between the relative apparent viscosity and coal volume fraction for freshly prepared as well as all aged suspensions. A correlation was also established between ageing time and maximum coal volume fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 20 (1981), S. 288-298 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Sewage sludge ; yield-power law model ; pipeline rheometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die rheologische Untersuchung von Abwasserschlamm ist von Bedeutung für die Planung, den Betrieb und die Überwachung von Abwasser-Kläranlagen. Die rheologischen Eigenschaften hängen aber in starkem Maße von den physikalischen, chemischen und biologischen Kennzeichen des Schlammes ab. Es wird ein Rohrrheometer beschrieben, das für die Messung der rheologischen Eigenschaften von Schlämmen geeignet ist. Frischer Abwasserschlamm ist eine komplexe ausgeflockte Suspension ohne einheitliche Größe, Form, Größenverteilung und Oberflächenbeschaffenheit der Teilchen. Die bisher vorliegenden Kenntnisse über die Rheologie von Abwasserschlämmen sind nicht geeignet für die Erfordernisse der Planung, weil die physiko-chemischen Kenndaten der betreffenden Schlämme fehlen. Frischer und gefaulter Abwasserschlamm sind nicht-newtonsche Systeme und weisen eine Fließgrenze auf. Während frischer Schlamm aber Scherentzähung zeigt, findet man bei Faulschlamm Scherverzähung. Sowohl die Approximation durch eine parabolische Beziehung als auch durch ein Herschel-Bulkley-Modell sind geeignet für die Beschreibung der experimentellen Ergebnisse, die für Schlämme mit verschiedener Konzentration und bei verschiedener Temperatur erhalten wurden. Die Fließspannung von frischem Schlamm hängt exponentiell von der Konzentration und linear von der Temperatur ab, zum mindesten innerhalb des untersuchten kurzen Temperaturintervalls. Frischer Schlamm erweist sich bei kleinen Schubspannungen als anti-thixotrop, wohingegen bei Faulschlamm kein zeitabhängiges Verhalten festzustellen ist.
    Notes: Summary Rheological study of sewage sludge is useful for the design, operation and control of sewage treatment plants. The rheology is highly dependent on physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the sludge. A pipeline rheometer is described in this paper for measurement of rheological properties of the sludge. Primary sewage sludge is a complex flocculated suspension having no fixed particle dimension, shape, size distribution or surface characteristics. The information available so far on rheology of sewage sludge is not suitable for application in design because of the lack of data on physico-chemical characteristics of this sludge. Primary and digested sewage sludge are non-Newtonian in character. Both exhibit yield stress and while primary sludge is shear-thinning in nature, digested sludge has been found to be shear-thickening. Parabolic and yield-power law models have been used to express the experimental data obtained for sludges at various concentrations and temperatures. Yield stress of primary sludge varies exponentially with concentration and linearly with temperature within the short temperature range studied. Primary sludge is found to be antithixotropic at low shear stress. Digested sludge does not exhibit time dependency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 131-136 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of acrylamide (M) initiated by the Ce4+/thiourea (TU) redox system has been studied in an aqueous sulfuric acid medium at 35 ± 0.2°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The rate of polymerization is governed by the expression \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$R_p = K_p [{\rm M}]^{1.20} [{\rm Ce}^{{\rm 4 +}}]^{0.5} [{\rm TU}]^{0.5}$$\end{document} The activation energy is 5.9 kcal deg-1 mol-1 in the investigated temperature range 30-50°C. The molecular weight is directly proportional to the concentration of monomer and inversely proportional to the catalyst concentration. With increasing concentration of DMF molecular weight decreases. The range of concentrations for which these observations hold at sulfuric acid concentration of 2.5 × 10-2 mol/L are [monomer] = 5.0 × 10-2-3.0 × 10-1, [catalyst] = (5.0-15.0) × 10-4, and [activator] = (1.0-6.0) × 10-3 mol/L.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-03-26
    Description: Deep focus earthquakes within the underthrust Indian lower crust beneath the Himalaya occur in very specific regions and have distinct source characteristics. The study of the source mechanisms of these earthquakes provides valuable constraints on the kinematics of deformation of the underthrust Indian Plate, and its influence on the active deformation of the overlying Himalayan wedge. One of the most significant regions of these deep focus earthquakes is beneath the Sikkim and Bhutan Himalaya. We study the source characteristics of the 2011 September 18 ( M w 6.9) deep focus Sikkim main shock and its major aftershocks using global, regional and local waveform data. We determined the focal mechanism of the main shock using moment tensor inversion of global P and SH waveforms, and ascertained the earthquake fault plane using rupture directivity from regional P -wave spectra. The main shock originated at 53 ± 4 km depth and ruptured at least 20 km thickness of the underthrust Indian lower crust. Faulting occurred on a near vertical dextral strike-slip fault oriented NW-SE (strike 127°, dip 81° and rake 167°), oblique to the local strike of the Himalayan arc. The rupture initiated from the SE end of the fault and propagated to the northwest. The main shock was followed by 20 small-to-moderate aftershocks ( m b  〉 3.0), which we relocated using phase arrival times. We computed the focal mechanisms of the larger ones ( m b  ≥ 3.5) using local waveform inversion. We find that all aftershocks originated SE of the main shock, between depths of 12 and 50 km, and have dominantly strike-slip mechanisms. Our results, combined with the source mechanisms of earthquakes from previous studies, reveals that the entire underthrust Indian crust is seismogenic and deforms by dextral strike-slip motion on oblique structures beneath the Sikkim and Bhutan Himalaya. These active oblique structures with transverse motion possibly mark the western boundary of the clock-wise rotating ‘microplates’ in northeast India observed from GPS geodesy.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-03-29
    Description: Deep focus earthquakes within the underthrust Indian lower crust beneath the Himalaya occur in very specific regions and have distinct source characteristics. The study of the source mechanisms of these earthquakes provides valuable constraints on the kinematics of deformation of the underthrust Indian Plate, and its influence on the active deformation of the overlying Himalayan wedge. One of the most significant regions of these deep focus earthquakes is beneath the Sikkim and Bhutan Himalaya. We study the source characteristics of the 2011 September 18 ( M w 6.9) deep focus Sikkim main shock and its major aftershocks using global, regional and local waveform data. We determined the focal mechanism of the main shock using moment tensor inversion of global P and SH waveforms, and ascertained the earthquake fault plane using rupture directivity from regional P -wave spectra. The main shock originated at 53 ± 4 km depth and ruptured at least 20 km thickness of the underthrust Indian lower crust. Faulting occurred on a near vertical dextral strike-slip fault oriented NW-SE (strike 127°, dip 81° and rake 167°), oblique to the local strike of the Himalayan arc. The rupture initiated from the SE end of the fault and propagated to the northwest. The main shock was followed by 20 small-to-moderate aftershocks ( m b  〉 3.0), which we relocated using phase arrival times. We computed the focal mechanisms of the larger ones ( m b  ≥ 3.5) using local waveform inversion. We find that all aftershocks originated SE of the main shock, between depths of 12 and 50 km, and have dominantly strike-slip mechanisms. Our results, combined with the source mechanisms of earthquakes from previous studies, reveals that the entire underthrust Indian crust is seismogenic and deforms by dextral strike-slip motion on oblique structures beneath the Sikkim and Bhutan Himalaya. These active oblique structures with transverse motion possibly mark the western boundary of the clock-wise rotating ‘microplates’ in northeast India observed from GPS geodesy.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-01-25
    Description: Submerged recirculating jet mixing systems are an efficient and economical method of agitating large tanks with a high hydraulic residence time. Much work has been carried out in developing design correlations to aid the predictions of the mixing time in such systems, with the first such correlation being developed nearly 70 years ago. In most of these correlations, the mixing time depends directly on the volume of the vessel and inversely on the injection velocity of the submerged jet. This work demonstrates, for the first time, that the distance between the injection and suction nozzles also significantly affects the mixing time and can be used to control this time scale. The study introduces a non-dimensional quantity that can be used as an adjustable parameter in systems where such control is desired.
    Keywords: chemical engineering
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1980-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0372-820X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1536
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1983-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-1669
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-510X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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