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  • AWI_PolarMet; Polar Meteorology @ AWI  (3)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics  (2)
  • PANGAEA  (3)
  • American Geophysical Union  (2)
  • Copernicus
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2015-2019  (5)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1935-1939
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  • 1
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    The protracted development of focused magmatic intrusion during continental rifting (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The transition from mechanical thinning toward focused magmatic intrusion during continental rifting is poorly constrained; the tectonically active Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) provides an ideal study locale to address this issue. The presence of linear magmatic-tectonic belts in the relatively immature central MER may indicate that the transition from mechanical to magmatic rifting is more spatially distributed and temporally protracted than has previously been assumed. Here we examine lava geochemistry and vent distribution of a Pliocene-Quaternary linear magmatic chain along the western margin of the central MER—the Akaki Magmatic Zone. Our results show limited variability in parental magma that evolve in a complex polybaric fractionation system that has not changed significantly over the past 3 Ma. Our results suggest the following: (1) channeling of plume material and the localization of shear- or topography-induced porosity modulates melt intrusion into the continental lithosphere. (2) Pre-existing lithospheric structures may act as catalysts for intrusion of magmas into the lithospheric mantle. (3) The midcrustal to upper crustal strain regime dictates the surface orientation of volcanic vents. Therefore, although linear magmatic belts like those in the central MER may young progressively toward the rift axis and superficially resemble oceanic style magmatism, they actually represent prebreakup magmatism on continental crust. The oldest linear magmatic belts observed seismically and magnetically at the edge of the ocean basins thus may not, as is often assumed, actually mark the onset of seafloor spreading.
    Description: Published
    Description: 875–897
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Precambrian lineaments control off-axis melt • Magmatic extension in Ethiopian rift is not ocean like • Magmatic belts at basins margins may not be seafloor spreading ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    The origin of along-rift variations in faulting and magmatism in the Ethiopian Rift (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The geological record at rifts and margins worldwide often reveals considerable along-strike variations in volumes of extruded and intruded igneous rocks. These variations may be the result of asthenospheric heterogeneity, variations in rate, and timing of extension; alternatively, preexisting plate architecture and/or the evolving kinematics of extension during breakup may exert first-order control on magmatism. The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) in East Africa provides an excellent opportunity to address this dichotomy: it exposes, along strike, several sectors of asynchronous rift development from continental rifting in the south to incipient oceanic spreading in the north. Here we perform studies of volcanic cone density and rift obliquity along strike in the MER. By synthesizing these new data in light of existing geophysical, geochemical, and petrological constraints on magma generation and emplacement, we are able to discriminate between tectonic and mantle geodynamic controls on the geological record of a newly forming magmatic rifted margin. The timing of rift sector development, the three-dimensional focusing of melt, and the ponding of plume material where the rift dramatically narrows each influence igneous intrusion and volcanism along the MER. However, rifting obliquity plays an important role in localizing intrusion into the crust beneath en echelon volcanic segments. Along-strike variations in volumes and types of igneous rocks found at rifted margins thus likely carry information about the development of strain during rifting, as well as the physical state of the convecting mantle at the time of breakup.
    Description: Published
    Description: 467-477
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Variationsinmeltproductioncausedby asynchronous rift sector development • Where the rift narrows, ponding of plume material may enhance melting • Three-dimensional migration of melt along the LAB focuses magma supply ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Model results, link to archive file (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Riechelmann, Theres; Wacker, Ulrike; Beheng, Klaus D; Etling, Dieter; Raasch, Siegfried (2015): Influence of turbulence on the drop growth in warm clouds, Part II: Sensitivity studies with a spectral bin microphysics and a Lagrangian cloud model. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 24(3), 293-311, https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2015/0608
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Raindrops in warm clouds grow faster than predicted by classical cloud models. One of the possible reasons for this discrepancy is the influence of cloud turbulence on the coagulation process. In Part I (Siewert et al., 2014, doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2014/0566) of this paper series, a turbulent collision kernel has been derived from wind tunnel experiments and direct numerical simulations (DNS). Here we use this new collision kernel to investigate the influence of turbulence on coagulation and rain formation using two models of different complexity: a one-dimensional model called RAINSHAFT (height as coordinate) with cloud microphysics treated by a spectral bin model (BIN) and a large-eddy simulation (LES) model with cloud microphysics treated by Lagrangian particles (a so called Lagrangian Cloud Model, LCM). Simulations are performed for the case of no turbulence and for two situations with moderate and with extremely strong turbulence. The idealized 0- and 1-dimensional runs show, that large drops grow faster in the case turbulence is taken into account in the cloud microphysics, as was also found by earlier investigations of other groups. For moderate turbulence intensity, the acceleration is only weak, while it is more significant for strong turbulence. From the model intercomparison it turns out, that the BIN model produced large drops much faster than the LCM, independent of turbulence intensity. The differences are larger than those due to a variation in turbulence intensities. The diverging rate of formation of large drops is due to the use of different growth models for the coagulation process, i.e. the quasi-stochastic model in the spectral BIN model and the continuous growth model in LCM. From the results of this model intercomparison it is concluded, that the coagulation process has to be improved in future versions of the LCM. The LES-LCM model was also applied to the simulation of a single 3-D cumulus cloud. It turned out, that the effect of turbulence on drop formation was even smaller as the turbulence within the cloud was weaker than prescribed in the idealized cases. In summary, the use of the new turbulent collision kernel derived in Part I does enhance rain formation under typical turbulence conditions found in natural clouds but the effect is not very striking.
    Keywords: AWI_PolarMet; Polar Meteorology @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/gzip, 10.7 MBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Model results, link to archive file (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Ziemer, Corinna; Jasor, Gary; Wacker, Ulrike; Beheng, Klaus D; Polifke, Wolfgang (2014): Quantitative comparison of presumed-number-density and quadrature moment methods for the parameterisation of drop sedimentation. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 23(4), 411-423, https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2014/0564
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: In numerical weather prediction models, parameterisations are used as an alternative to spectral modelling. One type of parameterisations are the so-called methods of moments. In the present study, two different methods of moments, a presumed-number-density-function method with finite upper integration limit and a quadrature method, are applied to a one-dimensional test case ('rainshaft') for drop sedimentation. The results are compared with those of a reference spectral model. An error norm is introduced, which is based on several characteristic properties of the drop ensemble relevant to the cloud microphysics context. This error norm makes it possible to carry out a quantitative comparison between the two methods. It turns out that the two moment methods presented constitute an improvement regarding two-moment presumed-number-density-function methods from literature for a variety of initial conditions. However, they are excelled by a traditional three-moment presumed-number-density-function method which requires less computational effort. Comparisons of error scores and moment profiles reveal that error scores alone should not be taken for a comparison of parameterisations, since moment profile characteristics can be lost in the integral value of the error norm.
    Keywords: AWI_PolarMet; Polar Meteorology @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/gzip, 39.1 MBytes
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  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Model results, link to archive file (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Siewert, Christoph; Bordás, Róbert; Wacker, Ulrike; Beheng, Klaus D; Kunnen, Rudie P J; Meinke, Matthias; Schröder, Wolfgang; Thévenin, Dominique (2014): Influence of turbulence on the drop growth in warm clouds, Part I: comparison of numerically and experimentally determined collision kernels. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 23(4), 397-410, https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2014/0566
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-02
    Description: This study deals with the comparison of numerically and experimentally determined collision kernels of water drops in air turbulence. The numerical and experimental setups are matched as closely as possible. However, due to the individual numerical and experimental restrictions, it could not be avoided that the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate of the measurement and the simulations differ. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are performed resulting in a very large database concerning geometric collision kernels with 1470 individual entries. Based on this database a fit function for the turbulent enhancement of the collision kernel is developed. In the experiments, the collision rates of large drops (radius 〉 7.5 µm) are measured. These collision rates are compared with the developed fit, evaluated at the measurement conditions. Since the total collision rates match well for all occurring dissipation rates the distribution information of the fit could be used to enhance the statistical reliability and for the first time an experimental collision kernel could be constructed. In addition to the collision rates, the drop size distributions at three consecutive streamwise positions are measured. The drop size distributions contain mainly small drops (radius 〈 7.5 µm). The measured evolution of the drop size distribution is confronted with model calculations based on the newly derived fit of the collision kernel. It turns out that the observed fast evolution of the drop size distribution can only be modeled if the collision kernel for small drops is drastically increased. A physical argument for this amplification is missing since for such small drops, neither DNSs nor experiments have been performed. For large drops, for which a good agreement of the collision rates was found in the DNS and the experiment, the time for the evolution of the spectrum in the wind tunnel is too short to draw any conclusion. Hence, the long-time evolution of the drop size distribution is presented in Riechelmann et al. 2015 (doi:10.1127/metz/2015/0608).
    Keywords: AWI_PolarMet; Polar Meteorology @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/gzip, 1.7 MBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
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