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  • Wiley  (141)
  • Springer Nature  (123)
  • American Society of Hematology  (59)
  • 2015-2019  (276)
  • 1985-1989  (47)
  • 11
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    A micro-patterned silicon chip as sample holder for macromolecular crystallography experiments with minimal background scattering (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: At low emittance synchrotron sources it has become possible to perform structure determinations from the measurement of multiple microcrystals which were previously considered too small for diffraction experiments. Conventional mounting techniques do not fulfill the requirements of these new experiments. They significantly contribute to background scattering and it is difficult to locate the crystals, making them incompatible with automated serial crystallography. We have developed a micro-fabricated sample holder from single crystalline silicon with micropores, which carries up to thousands of crystals and significantly reduces the background scattering level. For loading, the suspended microcrystals are pipetted onto the chip and excess mother liquor is subsequently soaked off through the micropores. Crystals larger than the pore size are retained and arrange themselves according to the micropore pattern. Using our chip we were able to collect 1.5 Å high resolution diffraction data from protein microcrystals with sizes of 4 micrometers and smaller. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep10451
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 12
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    Stratigraphy of the North Polar Layered Deposits of Mars from High-Resolution Topography (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-02
    Description: The stratigraphy of the layered deposits of the polar regions of Mars is theorized to contain a record of recent climate change linked to insolation changes driven by variations in the planet's orbital and rotational parameters. In order to confidently link stratigraphic signals to insolation periodicities, a description of the stratigraphy is required based on quantities that directly relate to intrinsic properties of the layers. We use stereo Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) to derive a characteristic of North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD) strata that can be correlated over large distances: the topographic protrusion of layers exposed in troughs, which is a proxy for the layers’ resistance to erosion. Using a combination of image analysis and a signal-matching algorithm to correlate continuous depth-protrusion signals taken from DTMs at different locations, we construct a stratigraphic column that describes the upper ~500 m of at least 7% of the area of the NPLD, and find accumulation rates that vary by factors of up to two. We find that, when coupled with observations of exposed layers in orbital images, the topographic expression of the strata is consistently continuous through large distances in the top 300 – 500 m of the NPLD, suggesting it is better related to intrinsic layer properties than brightness alone.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 13
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    Geologic context of recurring slope lineae in Melas and Coprates Chasmata, Mars (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-08
    Description: One of the major Mars discoveries of recent years is the existence of recurring slope lineae (RSL), which suggests that liquid water occurs on or near the surface of Mars today. These dark and narrow features emerge from steep, rocky exposures and incrementally grow, fade, and reform on a seasonal basis and are detected in images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment camera. RSL are known to occur at scattered midlatitude and equatorial sites with little spatial connection to one another. One major exception is the steep, low-albedo slopes of Melas and Coprates Chasmata, in Valles Marineris where RSL are detected among diverse geologic surfaces (e.g., bedrock and talus) and landforms (e.g., inselbergs and landslides). New images show topographic changes including sediment deposition on active RSL slopes. Midwall locations in Coprates and Melas appear to have more areally extensively abundant RSL and related fans as compared with other RSL sites found on Mars. Water budget estimates for regional RSL are on the order of 10 5 to 10 6  m 3 of fluid, for depths of 10 to 100 mm, and suggest that a significant amount of near-surface water might be present. Many RSL are concentrated near local topographic highs, such as ridge crests or peaks, which is challenging to explain via groundwater or ice without a recharge mechanism. Collectively, results provide additional support for the notion that significant amounts of near-surface water can be found on Mars today and suggest that a widespread mechanism, possibly related to the atmosphere, is recharging RSL sources.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 14
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    Polycomb repressive complex 2 structure with inhibitor reveals a mechanism of activation and drug resistance (2016)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: Article Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) mediates gene silencing through chromatin reorganization by methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27). Here, the authors present crystal structures of the inhibitor-bound wild-type and a mutant form of PRC2. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms11384 Authors: Alexei Brooun, Ketan S. Gajiwala, Ya-Li Deng, Wei Liu, Ben Bolaños, Patrick Bingham, You-Ai He, Wade Diehl, Nicole Grable, Pei-Pei Kung, Scott Sutton, Karen A. Maegley, Xiu Yu, Al E. Stewart
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 15
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    The effects of normal and shear stress wave phasing on coseismic landslide displacement (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: Predictive models used to assess the magnitude of coseismic landslide strain accumulation in response to earthquake ground shaking typically consider slope-parallel ground accelerations only and ignore both the influence of coseismic slope-normal ground accelerations, and the phase relationship between dynamic slope-normal and slope-parallel accelerations. We present results of a laboratory study designed to assess the significance of the phase offset between slope-normal and slope-parallel cyclic stresses on the generation of coseismic landslide displacements. Using a dynamic back-pressured shearbox that is capable of simulating variably-phased slope-normal and slope-parallel dynamic loads, we subjected sediment samples to a range of dynamic loading scenarios indicative of earthquake-induced ground shaking. We detail the variations in strain accumulation observed when slope-normal and slope-parallel stresses occur independently and simultaneously, both in and out of phase, using a range of dynamic stress amplitudes. Our results show that the instantaneous phasing of dynamic stresses is critical in determining the amount of coseismic landslide displacement, which may vary by up to an order of magnitude based solely on wave phasing effects. Instantaneous strain rate is an exponential function of the distance normal to the Mohr Coulomb failure envelope in plots of shear stress against normal effective stress. This distance is strongly controlled by the phase offset between dynamic normal and shear stresses. Our results demonstrate that conditions considered by conventional coseismic slope stability models can either over- or under-estimate earthquake-induced landslide displacement by up to an order of magnitude. This has important implications for accurate assessment of coseismic landslide hazard.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 16
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    Mechanism of the Antigen-Independent Cytokinergic SPE-7 IgE Activation of Human Mast Cells in Vitro (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-21
    Description: Release of pro-inflammatory mediators by mast cells is a key feature of allergic disease. The ‘dogma’ is that IgE molecules merely sensitise mast cells by binding FcεRI prior to cross-linking by multivalent allergen, receptor aggregation and mast cell activation. However, certain monoclonal IgE antibodies have been shown to elicit mast cell activation in an antigen-independent cytokinergic manner, and DNP-specific murine SPE-7 IgE is the most highly cytokinergic antibody known. We show that both monovalent hapten and recombinant SPE-7 IgE Fab inhibit its cytokinergic activity as measured by mast cell degranulation and TNF-α release. Using SPE-7 IgE, a non-cytokinergic human IgE and a poorly cytokinergic murine IgE, we reveal that interaction of the Fab region of ‘free’ SPE-7 IgE with the Fab of FcεRI-bound SPE-7 IgE is the basis of its cytokinergic activity. We rule out involvement of IgE Fc, Cε1 and Cλ/κ domains, and propose that ‘free’ SPE-7 IgE binds to FcεRI-bound SPE-7 IgE by an Fv-Fv interaction. Initial formation of a tri-molecular complex (one ‘free’ IgE molecule cross-linking two receptor-bound IgE molecules) leads to capture of further ‘free’ and receptor-bound IgEs to form larger clusters that trigger mast cell activation. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep09538
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 17
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    A Boreal Songbird's 20,000 km Migration Across North America and the Atlantic Ocean (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, Volume 100, Issue 3, July 2019.
    Print ISSN: 0012-9623
    Electronic ISSN: 2327-6096
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 18
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    Data‐driven inference of thermosphere composition during solar minimum conditions (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Mass density variations can deviate from the expected behaviour caused by temperature due to changes in the composition. Such deviations can be especially significant during solar minimum conditions. Model‐data differences are typically resolved through temperature corrections while overlooking the role of errors in lower boundary composition. In this work, we use a data‐driven methodology to simultaneously estimate thermosphere composition and temperature contributions to model‐data differences. The methodology uses modal decomposition to extract high‐dimensional, reduced order basis functions for the covariance of the neutral thermospheric species and temperature. The extracted basis functions are combined with CHAMP and GRACE mass density measurements using a non‐linear least squares solver. We demonstrate the methodology using the Naval Research Laboratory's empirical MSIS (Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter) model to derive high‐dimensional basis functions. We characterize and quantify the contribution of temperature and lower boundary effects with oxygen and helium since the two species have a direct impact on drag and orbit prediction through gas‐surface interactions and mass density. We analyze the month of December in 2008, based on the work of Thayer et al. [2012], and estimate that lower boundary composition errors contribute approximately 50% of the model‐data differences.
    Print ISSN: 1539-4964
    Electronic ISSN: 1542-7390
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 19
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    Offshore Spreading of Mississippi Waters: Pathways and Vertical Structure Under Eddy Influence (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract The three‐dimensional structure of the offshore export of Mississippi River (MR) waters is documented for the first time with in situ data. Numerical simulations and satellite data in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) are also employed to study two pathways that were detected in summer of 2015, along the eastern and western sides of the Loop Current (LC). The initial formation of offshore branches was primarily due to the interaction of the anticyclonic LC and LC Eddy (which were close to the MR Delta and the Louisiana‐Texas shelf‐slope, respectively) with riverine waters that had been advected eastward by westerly winds (which reduced the westward buoyancy‐driven currents). The interaction of anticyclonic circulation patterns with cyclones (LC Frontal Eddies) was found to influence the dynamics and structure of the branches. Thickness variability and other vertical characteristics of the brackish plumes were investigated from their origin in the northern GoM through their extension in the Straits of Florida. In particular, offshore branch thickness increased near the LC and LC Frontal Eddy fronts. The two types of pathways revealed different factors contributing to the low‐salinity waters. Besides the MR input, precipitation contributed to the eastern pathway, while waters from additional northern GoM rivers contributed to the western pathway. The study offers new insights on the processes that control the formation and the offshore (southward) advection of low‐salinity waters. These processes have implications on the properties of waters hundreds of kilometers from the northern river sources, extending to the southern Gulf and the Straits of Florida.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9275
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9291
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 20
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    Harmonic force spectroscopy measures load-dependent kinetics of individual human β-cardiac myosin molecules (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-06
    Description: Article Single molecule methods for measuring load dependence are fundamental for molecular motor research. Here, Sung et al . introduce harmonic force spectroscopy, a method that randomly applies varying loads at high frequency, allowing the determination of load dependent parameters of human β-cardiac myosin at physiological ATP concentration. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8931 Authors: Jongmin Sung, Suman Nag, Kim I. Mortensen, Christian L. Vestergaard, Shirley Sutton, Kathleen Ruppel, Henrik Flyvbjerg, James A. Spudich
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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