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  • Articles  (49)
  • PeerJ  (30)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (19)
  • 2015-2019  (47)
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  • Biology  (49)
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  • Articles  (49)
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  • 1
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    East Asian hydroclimate modulated by the position of the westerlies during Termination I (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Speleothem oxygen isotope records have revolutionized our understanding of the paleo East Asian monsoon, yet there is fundamental disagreement on what they represent in terms of the hydroclimate changes. We report a multiproxy speleothem record of monsoon evolution during the last deglaciation from the middle Yangtze region, which indicates a wetter central eastern China during North Atlantic cooling episodes, despite the oxygen isotopic record suggesting a weaker monsoon. We show that this apparent contradiction can be resolved if the changes are interpreted as a lengthening of the Meiyu rains and shortened post-Meiyu stage, in accordance with a recent hypothesis. Model simulations support this interpretation and further reveal the role of the westerlies in communicating the North Atlantic influence to the East Asian climate.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Synergistic sorbent separation for one-step ethylene purification from a four-component mixture (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Purification of ethylene (C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉H〈sub〉4〈/sub〉), the largest-volume product of the chemical industry, currently involves energy-intensive processes such as chemisorption (CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 removal), catalytic hydrogenation (C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 conversion), and cryogenic distillation (C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉H〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 separation). Although advanced physisorbent or membrane separation could lower the energy input, one-step removal of multiple impurities, especially trace impurities, has not been feasible. We introduce a synergistic sorbent separation method for the one-step production of polymer-grade C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉H〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 from ternary (C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉H〈sub〉6〈/sub〉/C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉H〈sub〉4〈/sub〉) or quaternary (CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉H〈sub〉6〈/sub〉/C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉H〈sub〉4〈/sub〉) gas mixtures with a series of physisorbents in a packed-bed geometry. We synthesized ultraselective microporous metal-organic materials that were readily regenerated, including one that was selective for C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉H〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 over CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, and C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉H〈sub〉4〈/sub〉.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Two distinct interstitial macrophage populations coexist across tissues in specific subtissular niches (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Macrophages are a heterogeneous cell population involved in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and various pathologies. Although the major tissue-resident macrophage populations have been extensively studied, interstitial macrophages (IMs) residing within the tissue parenchyma remain poorly defined. Here we studied IMs from murine lung, fat, heart, and dermis. We identified two independent IM subpopulations that are conserved across tissues: Lyve1〈sup〉lo〈/sup〉MHCII〈sup〉hi〈/sup〉CX3CR1〈sup〉hi〈/sup〉 (Lyve1〈sup〉lo〈/sup〉MHCII〈sup〉hi〈/sup〉) and Lyve1〈sup〉hi〈/sup〉MHCII〈sup〉lo〈/sup〉CX3CR1〈sup〉lo〈/sup〉 (Lyve1〈sup〉hi〈/sup〉MHCII〈sup〉lo〈/sup〉) monocyte-derived IMs, with distinct gene expression profiles, phenotypes, functions, and localizations. Using a new mouse model of inducible macrophage depletion (〈i〉Slco2b1〈/i〉〈sup〉flox/DTR〈/sup〉), we found that the absence of Lyve1〈sup〉hi〈/sup〉MHCII〈sup〉lo〈/sup〉 IMs exacerbated experimental lung fibrosis. Thus, we demonstrate that two independent populations of IMs coexist across tissues and exhibit conserved niche-dependent functional programming.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Stabilizing heterostructures of soft perovskite semiconductors (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Here we report a solution-processing strategy to stabilize the perovskite-based heterostructure. Strong Pb–Cl and Pb–O bonds formed between a [CH(NH〈sub〉2〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉]〈i〉〈sub〉x〈/sub〉〈/i〉[CH〈sub〉3〈/sub〉NH〈sub〉3〈/sub〉]〈sub〉1–〈/sub〉〈i〉〈sub〉x〈/sub〉〈/i〉Pb〈sub〉1+〈/sub〉〈i〉〈sub〉y〈/sub〉〈/i〉I〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 film with a Pb-rich surface and a chlorinated graphene oxide layer. The constructed heterostructure can selectively extract photogenerated charge carriers and impede the loss of decomposed components from soft perovskites, thereby reducing damage to the organic charge-transporting semiconductors. Perovskite solar cells with an aperture area of 1.02 square centimeters maintained 90% of their initial efficiency of 21% after operation at the maximum power point under AM1.5G solar light (100 milliwatts per square centimeter) at 60°C for 1000 hours. The stabilized output efficiency of the aged device was further certified by an accredited test center.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Controlled crack propagation for atomic precision handling of wafer-scale two-dimensional materials (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Although flakes of two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures at the micrometer scale can be formed with adhesive-tape exfoliation methods, isolation of 2D flakes into monolayers is extremely time consuming because it is a trial-and-error process. Controlling the number of 2D layers through direct growth also presents difficulty because of the high nucleation barrier on 2D materials. We demonstrate a layer-resolved 2D material splitting technique that permits high-throughput production of multiple monolayers of wafer-scale (5-centimeter diameter) 2D materials by splitting single stacks of thick 2D materials grown on a single wafer. Wafer-scale uniformity of hexagonal boron nitride, tungsten disulfide, tungsten diselenide, molybdenum disulfide, and molybdenum diselenide monolayers was verified by photoluminescence response and by substantial retention of electronic conductivity. We fabricated wafer-scale van der Waals heterostructures, including field-effect transistors, with single-atom thickness resolution.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Evidence for Majorana bound states in an iron-based superconductor (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉The search for Majorana bound states (MBSs) has been fueled by the prospect of using their non-Abelian statistics for robust quantum computation. Two-dimensional superconducting topological materials have been predicted to host MBSs as zero-energy modes in vortex cores. By using scanning tunneling spectroscopy on the superconducting Dirac surface state of the iron-based superconductor FeTe〈sub〉0.55〈/sub〉Se〈sub〉0.45〈/sub〉, we observed a sharp zero-bias peak inside a vortex core that does not split when moving away from the vortex center. The evolution of the peak under varying magnetic field, temperature, and tunneling barrier is consistent with the tunneling to a nearly pure MBS, separated from nontopological bound states. This observation offers a potential platform for realizing and manipulating MBSs at a relatively high temperature.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    [Report] Fusion peptide of HIV-1 as a site of vulnerability to neutralizing antibody (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-13
    Description: The HIV-1 fusion peptide, comprising 15 to 20 hydrophobic residues at the N terminus of the Env-gp41 subunit, is a critical component of the virus-cell entry machinery. Here, we report the identification of a neutralizing antibody, N123-VRC34.01, which targets the fusion peptide and blocks viral entry by inhibiting conformational changes in gp120 and gp41 subunits of Env required for entry. Crystal structures of N123-VRC34.01 liganded to the fusion peptide, and to the full Env trimer, revealed an epitope consisting of the N-terminal eight residues of the gp41 fusion peptide and glycan N88 of gp120, and molecular dynamics showed that the N-terminal portion of the fusion peptide can be solvent-exposed. These results reveal the fusion peptide to be a neutralizing antibody epitope and thus a target for vaccine design. Authors: Rui Kong, Kai Xu, Tongqing Zhou, Priyamvada Acharya, Thomas Lemmin, Kevin Liu, Gabriel Ozorowski, Cinque Soto, Justin D. Taft, Robert T. Bailer, Evan M. Cale, Lei Chen, Chang W. Choi, Gwo-Yu Chuang, Nicole A. Doria-Rose, Aliaksandr Druz, Ivelin S. Georgiev, Jason Gorman, Jinghe Huang, M. Gordon Joyce, Mark K. Louder, Xiaochu Ma, Krisha McKee, Sijy O’Dell, Marie Pancera, Yongping Yang, Scott C. Blanchard, Walther Mothes, Dennis R. Burton, Wayne C. Koff, Mark Connors, Andrew B. Ward, Peter D. Kwong, John R. Mascola
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Evidence for Majorana bound states in an iron-based superconductor (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-19
    Description: The search for Majorana bound states (MBSs) has been fueled by the prospect of using their non-Abelian statistics for robust quantum computation. Two-dimensional superconducting topological materials have been predicted to host MBSs as zero-energy modes in vortex cores. By using scanning tunneling spectroscopy on the superconducting Dirac surface state of the iron-based superconductor FeTe 0.55 Se 0.45 , we observed a sharp zero-bias peak inside a vortex core that does not split when moving away from the vortex center. The evolution of the peak under varying magnetic field, temperature, and tunneling barrier is consistent with the tunneling to a nearly pure MBS, separated from nontopological bound states. This observation offers a potential platform for realizing and manipulating MBSs at a relatively high temperature.
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Probing the ultimate plasmon confinement limits with a van der Waals heterostructure (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-20
    Description: The ability to confine light into tiny spatial dimensions is important for applications such as microscopy, sensing, and nanoscale lasers. Although plasmons offer an appealing avenue to confine light, Landau damping in metals imposes a trade-off between optical field confinement and losses. We show that a graphene-insulator-metal heterostructure can overcome that trade-off, and demonstrate plasmon confinement down to the ultimate limit of the length scale of one atom. This is achieved through far-field excitation of plasmon modes squeezed into an atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride dielectric spacer between graphene and metal rods. A theoretical model that takes into account the nonlocal optical response of both graphene and metal is used to describe the results. These ultraconfined plasmonic modes, addressed with far-field light excitation, enable a route to new regimes of ultrastrong light-matter interactions.
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    East Asian hydroclimate modulated by the position of the westerlies during Termination I (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-02
    Description: Speleothem oxygen isotope records have revolutionized our understanding of the paleo East Asian monsoon, yet there is fundamental disagreement on what they represent in terms of the hydroclimate changes. We report a multiproxy speleothem record of monsoon evolution during the last deglaciation from the middle Yangtze region, which indicates a wetter central eastern China during North Atlantic cooling episodes, despite the oxygen isotopic record suggesting a weaker monsoon. We show that this apparent contradiction can be resolved if the changes are interpreted as a lengthening of the Meiyu rains and shortened post-Meiyu stage, in accordance with a recent hypothesis. Model simulations support this interpretation and further reveal the role of the westerlies in communicating the North Atlantic influence to the East Asian climate.
    Keywords: Atmospheric Science, Geochemistry, Geophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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