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  • Earth Resources and Remote Sensing  (10)
  • COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR  (7)
  • GENERAL
  • 2015-2019  (3)
  • 1990-1994  (15)
  • 1
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    Calibration experiments with DC-8 SAR data (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-04
    Description: This paper is a summary of some research activities in calibrating DC-8 SAR data conducted in 1989/90 by the author and others. Firstly, by examining the process of 'symmetrization' in the production of DC-8 Stokes' matrix data, it is shown that an exact solution to the problem of calibrating this data exists, given certain assumptions. Secondly a new, more general, system model for radar polarimeters is proposed, together with a simple approach for verifying the model's validity. The importance of the orientation angle about the radar line of sight for some types of calibration devices is discussed and some results of an experiment to cross-calibrate the C-Band VV data from the DC-8 and DLR E-SAR sensors are presented.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: Proceedings of the Second Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) Workshop; p 1-7
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  • 2
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    Polarimetric SAR calibration experiment using active radar calibrators (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Active radar calibrators are used to derive both the amplitude and phase characteristics of a multichannel polarimetric SAR from the complex image data. Results are presented from an experiment carried out using the NASA/JPL DC-8 aircraft SAR over a calibration site at Goldstone, California. As part of the experiment, polarimetric active radar calibrators (PARCs) with adjustable polarization signatures were deployed. Experimental results demonstrate that the PARCs can be used to calibrate polarimetric SAR images successfully. Restrictions on the application of the PARC calibration procedure are discussed.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); 28; 224-240
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  • 3
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    Polarization effects and multipolarization SAR (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Imaging radar polarimeters are usually implemented using a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) approach to give a high resolution image in two dimensions: range and azimuth. For each pixel in the image a polarimetric SAR gives sufficient information to characterize the polarimetric scattering properties of the imaged area (or target) as seen by the radar. Using a polarimetric SAR system as opposed to a single-polarization SAR system provides significantly more information about the target scattering mechanisms and allows better discrimination between different types of surfaces. In these notes a brief overview of SAR polarimetry is offered. The notes are intended as a text to accompany a lecture on SAR polarimetry as part of an AGARD-NATO course. Covered in the notes are the following: the polarization properties of electromagnetic waves; the concepts of radar scattering and measuring radar backscatter with a SAR; polarization synthesis; scattering matrix, Stokes matrix, and covariance matrix representations of polarimetric SAR data; polarization signature plots; design and calibration of polarimetric SAR systems; polarization filtering for target detection; fitting a simple model to polarimetric SAR measurements of naturally occurring features; and supervised classification of polarimetric SAR data.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: AGARD, Fundamentals and Special Problems of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR); 13 p
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  • 4
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    Development of SIR-C Ground Calibration Equipment (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: SIR-C/X-SAR is currently scheduled for launch in April 1994. SIR-C is an L-Band and C-Band, multi-polarization spaceborne SAR system developed by NASA/JPL. X- SAR is an X-Band SAR system developed by DARA/ASI. One of the problems involved in calibrating the SIR-C instrument is to make sure that the horizontal (H) and vertical (V) polarized beams are aligned in the azimuth direction, i.e.. that they are pointing in the same direction. This is important if the polarimetric performance specifications for the system are to be met. To solve this problem, we have designed and built a prototype of a low-cost ground receiver capable of recording received power from two antennas, one H-polarized, the other V-polarized. The two signals are mixed to audio then recorded on the left and right stereo channels of a standard audio cassette player. The audio cassette recording can then be played back directly into a Macintosh computer, where it is digitized. Analysis of.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: IEEE, Geoscience and Remote Sensing; Tokyo; Japan
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  • 5
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    The Effects of Noise on Polarimetric SAR Data (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Polarimetric SAR data can provide a great deal of information about the scattering behavior of the surface under observation. Polarimetric SAR systems often measure the scattering matrices of the areas under observation in linear polarizations (H and V). From the scattering matrix commonly used forms such as the covariance matrix and the Stokes matrix can be easily derived. Other measures derived from polarimetric SAR data include the standard deviation of texture, correlation coefficients between scattering matrix terms, and the mode and variance of phase differences between scattering matrix terms. The effects of additive system noise on these measurements is not often considered in the literature on this subject.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: IEEE, Geoscience & Remote Sensing; Tokyo; Japan
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  • 6
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    Calibration Results for J-ERS-1 SAR Data Produced by the Alaska SAR Facility (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: The Alaska SAR Facility has been receiving and processing SAR data from the J-ERS-1 satellite since Spring 1992. Corner reflectors have been set up for J-ERS-1 SAR calibration at a site near Delta Junction, in central Alaska. Image quality and calibration analysis results from the Delta Junction site and others will be presented in this paper. The impact of the 3-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter and the automatic stepping of the gain as a function of range in the J-ERS-1 radar receiver on calibration performance has been assessed. Preliminary observations on J-ERS-1 SAR data are that the average Signal-to-Noise ratio is generally fairly low, in the range 5-6dB. Azimuth ambiguity levels are higher than preflight analysis indicated. Over land, the dynamic range in the backscatter at L-band for approximately 36 degree incidence angle is often fairly high.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: IEEE, Geoscience and Remote Sensing; Tokyo; Japan
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  • 7
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    Calibration Results for J-ERS-1 SAR Data Produced by the Alaska SAR Facility (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: The Alaska SAR Facility has been receiving and processing SAR data from the J-ERS-1 satellite since Spring 1992. Corner reflectors have been set up for J-ERS-1 SAR calibration at a site near Delta Junction, in central Alaska. Image quality and calibration analysis results from the Delta Junction site and others will be presented in this paper. The impact of the 3-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter and the automatic stepping of the gain as a function of range in the J-ERS-1 radar receiver on calibration performance has been assessed. Preliminary observations on J-ERS-1 SAR data are that the average Signal-to-Noise ratio is generally fairly low, in the range 5-6 dB. Azimuth ambiguity levels are higher than preflight analysis indicated. Over land, the dynamic range in the backscatter at L-band for approximately 36 degree incidence angle is often fairly high...
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: IEEE, Geoscience & Remote Sensing; Tokyo; Japan
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  • 8
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    The Effects of Noise on Polarimetric SAR Data (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Polarimetric SAR data can provide a great deal of information about the scattering behavior of the surface under observation. Polarimetric SAR systems often measure the scattering matrices of the areas under observation in linear polarizations (H and V). From the scattering matrix commonly used forms such as the covariance matrix and the Stokes matrix can be easily derived. Other measures derived from polarimetric SAR data include correlation coefficients between scattering matrix terms and the mode and variance of phase differences between scattering matrix terms. The effects of additive system noise on these measurements is not often considered in the literature on this subject. In this paper, the effects of additive system noise on measurements derived from polarimetric SAR data will be examined. It will be shown how first-order noise effects can be removed and how second-order noise effects can be reduced for some measurements...
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: IEEE, Geoscience & Remote Sensing; Tokyo; Japan
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  • 9
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    Remote Sensing of Tropical Forests with Multi-Frequency Polarimetric Radar (AIRSAR) as an Aid in Vegetation Classification (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Vegetation maps of inaccessible areas in the tropics tend to divide vegetation into broad types.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: German Botanical Congress; Bayreuth; Germany
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  • 10
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    Determination of noise equivalent sigma(0) using highly correlated repeat-pass SAR images (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Noise equivalent sigma(sup 0) is a fundamental parameter in any synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurement. Knowledge of the noise equivalent sigma(sup 0) allows the radar application scientist to band the error contributions due to noise present in his/her data. In this paper, a novel technique for determining noise equivalent sigma(sup 0) is presented. It has been observed that a pair of images obtained by a SAR over the same area in a nearly repeating orbit can demonstrate a high degree of correlation, depending on the baseline. If noise independence and signal power invariance are assumed, an estimate for the noise equivalent sigma(sup 0) for each image can be determined without any known ground targets. We examine the application of this technique to several images of different backscatter obtained by ERS-1.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: gress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS); p 168
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