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  • 1
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    ENSO flavors in a tree-ring δ18O record of Tectona grandis from Indonesia (2015)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Climate of the Past, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 11, ISSN: 1814-9324
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-22
    Description: ndonesia's climate is dominated by the equatorial monsoon system, and has been linked to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events that often result in extensive droughts and floods over the Indonesian archipelago. In this study we investigate ENSO-related signals in a tree-ring δ18O record (1900–2007) of Javanese teak. Our results reveal a clear influence of Warm Pool (central Pacific) El Niño events on Javanese tree-ring δ18O, and no clear signal of Cold Tongue (eastern Pacific) El Niño events. These results are consistent with the distinct impacts of the two ENSO flavors on Javanese precipitation, and illustrate the importance of considering ENSO flavors when interpreting palaeoclimate proxy records in the tropics, as well as the potential of palaeoclimate proxy records from appropriately selected tropical regions for reconstructing past variability of. ENSO flavors.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    A long-term context (931–2005 C.E.) for rapid warming over Central Asia (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2014. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Quaternary Science Reviews 121 (2015): 89-97, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.05.020.
    Description: Warming over Mongolia and adjacent Central Asia has been unusually rapid over the past few decades, particularly in the summer, with surface temperature anomalies higher than for much of the globe. With few temperature station records available in this remote region prior to the 1950s, paleoclimatic data must be used to understand annual-to-centennial scale climate variability, to local response to large-scale forcing mechanisms, and the significance of major features of the past millennium such as the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA) both of which can vary globally. Here we use an extensive collection of living and subfossil wood samples from temperature-sensitive trees to produce a millennial-length, validated reconstruction of summer temperatures for Mongolia and Central Asia from 931 to 2005 CE. This tree-ring reconstruction shows general agreement with the MCA (warming) and LIA (cooling) trends, a significant volcanic signature, and warming in the 20th and 21st Century. Recent warming (2000-2005) exceeds that from any other time and is concurrent with, and likely exacerbated, the impact of extreme drought (1999-2002) that resulted in massive livestock loss across Mongolia.
    Description: This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under grants AGS-PRF #1137729, ATM0117442, and AGS0402474.
    Keywords: Mongolia ; Temperature ; Tree-ring ; Dendrochronology ; Reconstruction ; Global warming
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    400 years of summer hydroclimate from stable isotopes in Iberian trees (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2016. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here under a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license granted to WHOI. It is made available for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Climate Dynamics 49 (2017): 143-161, doi:10.1007/s00382-016-3332-z.
    Description: Tree rings are natural archives that annually record distinct types of past climate variability depending on the parameters measured. Here, we use ring-width and stable isotopes in cellulose of trees from the northwestern Iberian Peninsula (IP) to understand regional summer hydroclimate over the last 400 years and the associated atmospheric patterns. Spatial correlations between tree rings and gridded climate products demonstrate that isotope signatures in the targeted Iberian pine forests are very sensitive to water availability during the summer period, and are mainly controlled by stomatal conductance. Non-linear methods based on extreme events analysis allow for capturing distinct seasonal climatic variability recorded by tree-ring parameters and asymmetric signals of the associated atmospheric features. Moreover, years with extreme high (low) values in the tree-ring records were characterised by coherent large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns with reduced (enhanced) moisture transport onto the northwestern IP. These analyses of extremes revealed that high/low proxy values do not necessarily correspond to mirror images in the atmospheric anomaly patterns, suggesting different drivers of these patterns and the corresponding signature recorded in the proxies. Regional hydroclimate features across the broader IP and western Europe during extreme wet/dry summers detected by the northwestern IP trees compare favourably to an independent multicentury sea level pressure and drought reconstruction for Europe. These independent sources of past climate validate our findings that attribute non-linear moisture signals recorded by extreme tree-ring values to distinct large-scale atmospheric patterns and allow for 400-yr reconstructions of the frequency of occurrence of extreme conditions in summer hydroclimate.
    Description: This research was partially supported by the EU project ISONET (Contract EV K2-2001-00237) and the EU FP6 project Millennium (GOCE 017008). L.A.H. was supported by the Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship PIOF-GA-2009-253277 grant within the FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IOF program. CCU was supported by the the Penzance and John P. Chase Memorial Endowed Funds and the Investment in Science Fund at WHOI.
    Keywords: Tree rings ; Extreme analyses ; Atmospheric circulation ; Hydroclimate ; Sea Level Pressure (SLP) ; Old World Drought Atlas (OWDA) ; Iberian Peninsula
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 4
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    Cold tropical Pacific Sea surface temperatures during the late sixteenth-century North American megadrought (2018)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123 (2018):11.307-11.320, doi:10.1029/2018JD029323
    Description: The late 16th‐century North American megadrought was notable for its persistence, extent, intensity, and occurrence after the main interval of megadrought activity during the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Forcing from sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical Pacific is considered a possible driver of megadroughts, and we investigate this hypothesis for the late 16th‐century event using two new 600‐year long hydroclimate field reconstructions from Mexico and Australia. Areas represented by these reconstructions have strong teleconnections to tropical Pacific SSTs, evidenced by the leading principal component in each region explaining ∼40% of local hydroclimate variability and correlating significantly with the boreal winter (December‐January‐February) NINO 3.4 index. Using these two principal components as predictors, we develop a skillful reconstruction of the December‐January‐February NINO 3.4 index. The reconstruction reveals that the late 16th‐century megadrought likely occurred during one of the most persistent and intense periods of cold tropical Pacific SST anomalies of the last 600 years (1566–1590 C.E.; median NINO 3.4 = −0.79 K). This anomalously cold period coincided with a major filling episode for Kati Thanda‐Lake Eyre in Australia, a hydroclimate response dynamically consistent with the reconstructed SST state. These results offer new evidence that tropical Pacific forcing was an important driver of the late 16th‐century North American megadrought over the Southwest and Mexico, highlighting the large amplitude of natural variability that can occur within the climate system.
    Description: 2019-03-21
    Keywords: Drought ; Megadrought ; Paloclimate
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual twentieth-century summer warmth in a 1,000-year temperature record from Siberia (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 376 (1995), S. 156-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN the current debate on the magnitude of modern-day climate change, there is a growing appreciation of the importance of long, high-resolution proxies of past climate13. Such records provide an indication of natural (pre-anthropogenic) climate variability, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/376156a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature histories from tree rings and corals (1995)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 11 (1995), S. 211-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recent temperature trends in long tree-ring and coral proxy temperature histories are evaluated and compared in an effort to objectively determine how anomalous twentieth century temperature changes have been. These histories mostly reflect regional variations in summer warmth from the tree rings and annual warmth from the corals. In the Northern Hemisphere, the North American tree-ring temperature histories and those from the north Polar Urals, covering the past 1000 or more years, indicate that the twentieth century has been anomalously warm relative to the past. In contrast, the tree-ring history from northern Fennoscandia indicates that summer temperatures during the ‘Medieval Warm Period’ were probably warmer on average than those than during this century. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tree-ring temperature histories from South America show no indication of recent warming, which is in accordance with local instrumental records. In contrast, the tree-ring records from Tasmania and New Zealand indicate that the twentieth century has been unusually warm particularly since 1960. The coral temperature histories from the Galapagos Islands and the Great Barrier Reef are in broad agreement with the tree-ring temperature histories in those sectors, with the former showing recent cooling and the latter showing recent warming that may be unprecedented. Overall, the regional temperature histories evaluated here broadly support the larger-scale evidence for anomalous twentieth century warming based on instrumental records. However, this warming cannot be confirmed as an unprecedented event in all regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215008
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature histories from tree rings and corals (1995)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 11 (1995), S. 211-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Recent temperature trends in long tree-ring and coral proxy temperature histories are evaluated and compared in an effort to objectively determine how anomalous twentieth century temperature changes have been. These histories mostly reflect regional variations in summer warmth from the tree rings and annual warmth from the corals. In the Northern Hemisphere, the North American tree-ring temperature histories and those from the north Polar Urals, covering the past 1000 or more years, indicate that the twentieth century has been anomalously warm relative to the past. In contrast, the tree-ring history from northern Fennoscandia indicates that summer temperatures during the 'Medieval Warm Period' were probably warmer on average than those than during this century. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tree-ring temperature histories from South America show no indication of recent warming, which is in accordance with local instrumental records. In contrast, the tree-ring records from Tasmania and New Zealand indicate that the twentieth century has been unusually warm particularly since 1960. The coral temperature histories from the Galapagos Islands and the Great Barrier Reef are in broad agreement with the tree-ring temperature histories in those sectors, with the former showing recent cooling and the latter showing recent warming that may be unprecedented. Overall, the regional temperature histories evaluated here broadly support the larger-scale evidence for anomalous twentieth century warming based on instrumental records. However, this warming cannot be confirmed as an unprecedented event in all regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215008
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  • 8
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    The potential to strengthen temperature reconstructions in ecoregions with limited tree line using a multispecies approach (2019)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈div data-abstract-type="normal"〉〈p〉Tree-ring reconstructions of temperature often target trees at altitudinal or latitudinal tree line where annual growth is broadly expected to be limited by and respond to temperature variability. Based on this principal, regions with sparse tree line would seem to be restricted in their potential to reconstruct past temperatures. In the northeastern United States, there are only two published temperature reconstructions. Previous work in the region reconstructing moisture availability, however, has shown that using a greater diversity of species can improve reconstruction model skill. Here, we use a network of 228 tree-ring records composed of 29 species to test the hypothesis that an increase in species diversity among the pool of predictors improves reconstructions of past temperatures. 〈span〉Chamaecyparis thyoides〈/span〉 alone explained 31% of the variability in observed cool-season minimum temperatures, but a multispecies model increased the explained variance to 44%. 〈span〉Liriodendron tulipifera〈/span〉, a species not previously used for temperature reconstructions, explained a similar amount of variance as 〈span〉Chamaecyparis thyoides〈/span〉 (12.9% and 20.8%, respectively). Increasing the species diversity of tree proxies has the potential for improving reconstruction of paleotemperatures in regions lacking latitudinal or elevational tree lines provided that long-lived hardwood records can be located.〈/p〉〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 9
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    Strip-Bark Morphology and Radial Growth Trends in AncientPinus sibiricaTrees From Central Mongolia (2018)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-01
    Print ISSN: 2169-8953
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-8961
    Topics: Geosciences , Biology
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 10
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    A 500-Year Tree Ring-Based Reconstruction of Extreme Cold-Season Precipitation and Number of Atmospheric River Landfalls Across the Southwestern United States (2018)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-10
    Description: This study develops a reconstruction of the frequency of extreme cold-season precipitation and the occurrence of landfalling atmospheric river (AR) storm tracks across the southwestern Unites States using a network of tree ring chronologies and the Living Blended Drought Atlas (LBDA), a 500-year tree ring based reconstruction of the summer Palmer Drought Severity Index. The first two rotated empirical orthogonal functions of the LBDA across the Southwest are shown to relate well to previously identified patterns of regional AR activity. Accordingly, the rotated empirical orthogonal functions also record patterns of extreme precipitation associated with those ARs, albeit with some uncertainty introduced by nonextreme precipitation. A network of chronologies sensitive to cold-season precipitation is then used to reconstruct the occurrence of landfalling ARs and extreme precipitation along the southern Californian coast, demonstrating for the first time the feasibility of reconstructing AR landfalls and extreme events in the Southwest based on spatial patterns in a network of dendroclimatic proxies. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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