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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of Floral Volatiles From Ligustrum japonicum that Stimulate Flower-Visiting by Cabbage Butterfly, Pieris rapae (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 2167-2180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Flower-visiting ; floral scent ; Pieris rapae ; Pieridae ; Ligustrum japonicum ; Oleaceae ; proboscis extension ; EAG ; phenylacetaldehyde ; 2-phenylethanol ; 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Floral scent compounds of Ligustrum japonicum that affect the foraging behavior of Pieris rapae adults were examined by means of chemical analyses, electroantennogram (EAG) responses, and behavioral bioassays; the behavioral biossays consisted of two tests: reflex extension of proboscis (REP) in response to odor, and attraction to scented and unscented artificial flowers. More than 30 compounds, including 2-phenylethanol, benzyl alcohol, and methyl phenylacetate as the major components were identified from L. japonicum flowers. Of these, 22 compounds were tested for their effect on foraging behavior. Phenylacetaldehyde (PA), 2-phenylethanol (PE), and 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one (MHO) elicited the highest REP responses, and benzaldehyde (BA) and methyl phenylacetate (MPA) evoked intermediate REP responses. EAG responses were not necessarily correlated with REP activities; the three high-REP compounds gave only moderate EAG responses, whereas two other compounds (ethyl phenylacetate and 2-phenylethyl acetate) that released high EAG responses showed low REP activities. In two-choice behavioral bioassays, flower models scented with any one of these high-REP compounds attracted significantly more adults, while compounds with low REP activities exhibited weak or no appreciable attractiveness. This suggests that the REP responsiveness closely reflects the attractiveness of a compound and could be an effective measure in elucidating which chemical attractants are involved in flower-visiting. A synthetic blend of five floral chemicals (PA, PE, MHO, BA, and MPA) displayed an attractiveness that was comparable to that of the floral extract and was more effective in attractiveness than the compounds tested singly. Consequently, it is highly likely that the flower-visiting by P. rapae to L. japonicum is mediated largely by floral scent chemicals and that a synergistic effect of the five floral components would be most responsible for attraction of the butterfly to this flower. The present results also strongly suggest that specific floral volatiles may facilitate close-range flower location by P. rapae, could serve in part as a cue for recognizing food sources, and also be profoundly implicated in flower preference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020750029362
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical and Chromatic Bases for Preferential Visiting By the Cabbage Butterfly, Pieris rapae, to Rape Flowers (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 1895-1906 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Flower-volatiles ; floral scent ; Pieris rapae ; Brassica rapa ; proboscis extension reflex ; EAG ; benzaldehyde ; phenylacetaldehyde ; 2-phenylethanol ; phenylacetonitrile ; UV nectar guide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Scent and coloration of corolla were examined as floral attributes responsible for preferential visiting by the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae, to rape flower, Brassica rapa. Floral volatile components that release the flower-visiting behavior of the butterfly were identified by chemical analyses, electroantennography (EAG), and two behavioral bioassays: proboscis extension reflex (PER) in response to odor and attraction to artificial flowers. GC and GC-MS analyses of the headspace volatiles from the flowers revealed the presence of six aromatic compounds, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, phenylacetonitrile, and indole in decreasing order of quantity. Of these, phenylacetaldehyde elicited the highest response in the PER assay. While benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, benzaldehyde, and phenylacetonitrile evoked moderate responses, the PER-eliciting activity of indole was very weak. In two-choice behavioral bioassays, artificial flowers scented with any one of these PER-active compounds attracted significantly more butterflies than control (unscented) flowers, whereas those treated with indole were almost inactive. The EAG activities of the six chemicals were not high and were about the same at a low dose (1 μg), but phenylacetaldehyde elicited a much stronger response from both sexes at higher doses (10 and 100 μg). An overall profile of EAG responses at a dose of 100 μg was analogous to that of PER performance, suggesting that floral volatiles may be involved in close-range location or recognition of flowers rather than long-range attraction. By spectroscopic and UV-photographic examinations of rape flower, the central part of the corolla was found to absorb UV rays in marked contrast to the other parts, which reflected near-UV rays (λmax = 350 nm). This indicates that the flower is endowed with a conspicuous nectar guide that is probably an important visual stimulus for attracting foraging adults of P. rapae. Consequently, the present findings strongly suggest that this elaborate pollination strategy of rape flower, characterized by its good combination of olfactory and visual attractiveness, accounts for preferential visiting by the cabbage butterfly to the flower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020990018111
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  • 3
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    MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY. The microbiota regulates type 2 immunity through RORgammat(+) T cells (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: Changes to the symbiotic microbiota early in life, or the absence of it, can lead to exacerbated type 2 immunity and allergic inflammations. Although it is unclear how the microbiota regulates type 2 immunity, it is a strong inducer of proinflammatory T helper 17 (T(H)17) cells and regulatory T cells (T(regs)) in the intestine. Here, we report that microbiota-induced T(regs) express the nuclear hormone receptor RORgammat and differentiate along a pathway that also leads to T(H)17 cells. In the absence of RORgammat(+) T(regs), T(H)2-driven defense against helminths is more efficient, whereas T(H)2-associated pathology is exacerbated. Thus, the microbiota regulates type 2 responses through the induction of type 3 RORgammat(+) T(regs) and T(H)17 cells and acts as a key factor in balancing immune responses at mucosal surfaces.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ohnmacht, Caspar -- Park, Joo-Hong -- Cording, Sascha -- Wing, James B -- Atarashi, Koji -- Obata, Yuuki -- Gaboriau-Routhiau, Valerie -- Marques, Rute -- Dulauroy, Sophie -- Fedoseeva, Maria -- Busslinger, Meinrad -- Cerf-Bensussan, Nadine -- Boneca, Ivo G -- Voehringer, David -- Hase, Koji -- Honda, Kenya -- Sakaguchi, Shimon -- Eberl, Gerard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):989-93. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4263. Epub 2015 Jul 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75724 Paris, France. ; Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan. ; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. ; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. ; INSERM, U1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Paris, France. Universite Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cite and Institut Imagine, Paris, France. INRA Micalis UMR1319, Jouy-en-Josas, France. ; Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technische Universitat and Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich, Germany. ; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria. ; INSERM, U1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Paris, France. Universite Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cite and Institut Imagine, Paris, France. ; Institut Pasteur, Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall, 75724 Paris, France. INSERM, Groupe Avenir, 75015 Paris, France. ; Department of Infection Biology at the Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Clinic Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. ; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. ; Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. ; Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75724 Paris, France. gerard.eberl@pasteur.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology ; Colon/immunology/microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Homeostasis ; *Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology/*microbiology ; Intestine, Small/immunology/microbiology ; Intestines/immunology/*microbiology ; Mice ; Microbiota/*immunology ; Models, Immunological ; Nematospiroides dubius ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/*metabolism ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Strongylida Infections/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology/metabolism ; Th17 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Vitamin A/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Helminth infection promotes colonization resistance via type 2 immunity (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: Increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease, in developed nations is associated with changes to the microbial environment, such as decreased prevalence of helminth colonization and alterations to the gut microbiota. We find that helminth infection protects mice deficient in the Crohn's disease susceptibility gene Nod2 from intestinal abnormalities by inhibiting colonization by an inflammatory Bacteroides species. Resistance to Bacteroides colonization was dependent on type 2 immunity, which promoted the establishment of a protective microbiota enriched in Clostridiales. Additionally, we show that individuals from helminth-endemic regions harbor a similar protective microbiota and that deworming treatment reduced levels of Clostridiales and increased Bacteroidales. These results support a model of the hygiene hypothesis in which certain individuals are genetically susceptible to the consequences of a changing microbial environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ramanan, Deepshika -- Bowcutt, Rowann -- Lee, Soo Ching -- Tang, Mei San -- Kurtz, Zachary D -- Ding, Yi -- Honda, Kenya -- Gause, William C -- Blaser, Martin J -- Bonneau, Richard A -- Lim, Yvonne A L -- Loke, P'ng -- Cadwell, Ken -- AI007180/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI093811/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI107588/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK090989/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK093668/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK103788/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL123340/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30CA016087/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000038/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR00038/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):608-12. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf3229. Epub 2016 Apr 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ; Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan. ; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA. ; Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA. Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10011, USA. ; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ken.cadwell@med.nyu.edu png.loke@nyumc.org limailian@um.edu.my. ; Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ken.cadwell@med.nyu.edu png.loke@nyumc.org limailian@um.edu.my. ; Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ken.cadwell@med.nyu.edu png.loke@nyumc.org limailian@um.edu.my.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27080105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteroides/*immunology ; Bacteroides Infections/*immunology ; Clostridiales/immunology ; Clostridium Infections/immunology ; Crohn Disease/*genetics/immunology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*immunology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Hygiene Hypothesis ; Intestines/*immunology/microbiology/parasitology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein/*genetics ; Trichuriasis/*immunology ; Trichuris/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Monochromaticity of coherent Smith-Purcell radiation from finite size grating (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-14
    Description: Author(s): A. Aryshev, A. Potylitsyn, G. Naumenko, M. Shevelev, K. Lekomtsev, L. Sukhikh, P. Karataev, Y. Honda, N. Terunuma, and J. Urakawa Investigation of coherent Smith-Purcell radiation (SPR) spectral characteristics was performed both experimentally and by numerical simulation. The measurement of SPR spectral line shapes of different diffraction orders was carried out at the KEK LUCX facility. A pair of room-temperature Schottky ba… [Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 20, 024701] Published Mon Feb 13, 2017
    Keywords: Applications
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-4402
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Narrow-band photon beam via laser Compton scattering in an energy recovery linac (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-16
    Description: Author(s): T. Akagi, A. Kosuge, S. Araki, R. Hajima, Y. Honda, T. Miyajima, M. Mori, R. Nagai, N. Nakamura, M. Shimada, T. Shizuma, N. Terunuma, and J. Urakawa The first experimental demonstration of Compton (Thomson) radiation with an energy recovery linac in combination with a laser enhancement cavity. [Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 19, 114701] Published Tue Nov 15, 2016
    Keywords: Applications
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-4402
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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