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  • Elsevier  (64)
  • Springer  (27)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (5)
  • 2015-2019  (12)
  • 1995-1999  (84)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4096-4103 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Foucault method, one of the classical Lorentz microscopy techniques, is here investigated in order to demonstrate its applicability to in-focus observations of superconducting fluxons. As the deflections involved are of the order of 10−5−10−6 rad, low-angle techniques, high brightness, coherent illumination, and a low aberration magnetic stage are needed. The first experimental results are presented and discussed in relation with a theoretical model for the fluxon which allows the interpretation of the main features of the observed patterns. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 567-576 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Etching of GaAs by HCl gas has been systematically studied with emphasis on the quality of the heterointerfaces formed by the direct overgrowth of AlGaAs on the etched GaAs surfaces in an ultrahigh vacuum processing system. The interfaces were characterized by the transport properties of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and the photoluminescence from the quantum wells, both of which were formed at the interfaces. We show that the interfaces prepared by the etching and overgrowth at the molecular beam epitaxy-grown clean GaAs surfaces can be quite clean and almost damage-free so that high mobility 2DEG can be formed. We also report the properties of the interfaces prepared by the etching and overgrowth at the air-exposed GaAs surfaces, to show that the impurities adsorbed during the air exposure are efficiently removed and 2DEG can be formed at the interfaces. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3066-3068 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Great optical activity is realized by a vacancy ordered III2VI3 compound (Ga0.3In0.7)2Se3 with point group 6 which is based on wurtzite structure and characterized by the screw arrangement of cation atoms along the c axis. The transition of the fundamental absorption edge is direct and the band gap is estimated to be 2.05 eV. An anomalous optical rotatory dispersion around the absorption edge is observed and the maximum rotatory power of 125°/mm is obtained at λ=620 nm. The optical activity for red light is always above 60°/mm, that is 4–6 times as large as that of α quartz. (Ga0.3In0.7)2Se3 single crystal is very useful, especially for the He–Ne laser as an optically active substance; the rotatory power reaches 103°/mm, being more than 5 times of α quartz. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 1228-1230 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Small angle electron diffraction patterns from vortex lattices in Nb thin films were observed using a field emission transmission electron microscope. It was possible to obtain diffraction patterns in magnetic fields of up to 1000 G, from selected areas of (1–10) μm in diameter, and in (1–30) s. The degree of order of the vortex lattice was determined from the fine structure of the diffraction pattern. We also demonstrated Foucault mode Lorentz microscopy by using a diffraction technique. Vortices appeared by diffraction contrast in a focused micrograph, and therefore both vortices and material defects were simultaneously observed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 81.15.Fg; 61.46.+W; 52.40.Nk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We have developed an integrated process system for the formation of nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) in helium background gas, size classification using a differential mobility analyzer (DMA), and deposition on a substrate. The DMA has been improved to operate at pressures of less than 10 Torr. The classification resolution of the low-pressure operating DMA (LP-DMA), transporting properties of nanoparticles under low pressure, have been investigated theoretically in order to evaluate the performance of the size classification for the integrated system. By operating the integrated system at less than 10 Torr, we have measured the size distribution of Si nanoparticles in the gas phase formation field by sweeping the applied voltage to the LP-DMA and counting the charged nanoparticle concentration with an electrometer. Moreover, we successfully deposited the classified Si nanoparticles on a substrate by fixing the voltage. We have verified that the integrated system can be applied to the clean physical vapor deposition process for accurately size-controlled nanoparticles.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Nasal mucosa covered by pseudostratified ciliated epithelia can be injured by microbial infection and physical and chemical agents. To elucidate mechanisms of regeneration, erosion of rat nasal mucosa was produced by intranasal instillation of trichloroacetic acid, and tissue specimens were then sequentially obtained after 1–14 days. Since tenascin-C (TN-C) and its receptor, α9β1 integrin, are assumed to play important roles in regeneration of stratified squamous epithelia, their expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Three to five days after the injury, TN-C mRNA was found in epithelial cells of migrating fronts and in epithelial sheets recovering ulcerated surfaces between the fronts and normal regions. TN-C deposition was increased under such sheets. Enhanced α9 staining was also evident in the involved epithelium. 5-Bromo-2’-deoxyuridine incorporation assays revealed significant increase in proliferating cells in cell sheets over TN-C deposits at 3–7 days. Therefore, we conclude that regenerating epithelial cells produce and secrete TN-C, associated with an increase in α9 expression, and that interactions between these molecules could regulate migration and proliferation of the epithelial cells in an autocrine manner.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 36 (1999), S. 347-354 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Inhalation pharmacokinetics of the environmental contaminants chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane, and carbon tetrachloride were evaluated, and their absorption amounts were estimated in rats to obtain fundamental data for risk assessment of chronic low-level exposures. Measured amounts of the substances were injected into a closed chamber system in which a rat had been placed, and the concentration changes in the chamber were examined. The pharmacokinetics of the substances were evaluated on the basis of the concentration-time courses using linear or nonlinear compartment models. The metabolic elimination amounts at various exposure concentrations were extrapolated using the estimated pharmacokinetic parameters. With exposure to chloroform, the fraction of the elimination amount at 1 ppb exposure (low concentration) against the exposure concentration was estimated to be 1.1 times higher than the fraction at 10 ppm exposure (high concentration). With exposure to low concentrations (1 ppb), extrapolation showed that more chloroform (0.33 nmol/h/kg) was absorbed by the rats than chlorodibromomethane (0.11 nmol/h/kg), bromodichloromethane (0.072 nmol/h/kg), and carbon tetrachloride (0.053 nmol/h/kg). Our findings revealed differences in the absorption amounts among the substances for the same exposure concentrations.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Südwestjünnan umfaßt den Jangtse und den Shan-Thai Mikrokontinent und den Simao Block. Das Gebiet wurde von aufeinander folgenden Subduktionsphasen einer ozeanischen Platte betroffen, auf die Kollision der Mikrokontinente und interkontinentales Rifting folgte. Dieses war mit basaltischem Vulkanismus während des späten Paläozoikums bis ins Mesozoikum assoziiert. Die triassischen Nanjian-Basalte, die auf dem Jangtse Mikrokontinent eruptierten, haben mehr angereicherte Isotopenverhältnisse und höhere LREE/HFSE und LREE/HREE Verhältnisse. Dieses weist auf eine angereicherte subkontinentale Lithosphäre unter dem Jangtse Mikrokontinent hin, die sich während langer Perioden der Erdgeschichte stabilisierte (〉2Ga). Die mittel jurassischen Simao-Basalte haben eine mehr verarmte geochemische Signatur aber auch Elementanreicherungen, die für ein Subduktionszonen-Milieu charakteristisch sind, obwohl die Basalte in einem interkontinentalen Graben ausgetreten sind. Man kann daraus schließen, daß der lithosphärische Mantel des Simao-Blockes durch Subduktionsprozesse während des jüngsten Karbons bis in die späte Trias vor dem Beginn des mittel-jurassischen kontinentalen Riftings modifiziert worden war. Das Fehlen einer Korrelation zwischen der Anreicherung von HFSE, Y und HREE und relativ angereicherter Nd-Isotopenverhältnisse weist darauf hin, daß die Verarmung der Quelle der Simaobasalte nicht weit zurückreicht. Sie dürfte viel eher gleichaltrig mit der subduktions-bedingten Anreicherung durch Mantel-Metasomatose kurz vor der Entstehung der Basalte sein. Die mittel-jurassischen Baoshan-Basalte, die während des kontinentalen Riftings auf den Shan-Thai Mikrokontintent eruptierten, haben eine Sr-Nd-Isotopensignatur, die ähnlich der Gesamterde ist, jedoch höhere Konzentrationen inkompatibler Spurenelemente zeigt. All dies legt nahe, daß die subkontinentale Lithosphäre unter dem Shan-Thai-Mikrokontinent kurz vor der Eruption der Baoshan-Basalte von Mantel-Metasomatose betroffen worden ist.
    Notes: Summary Southwestern Yunnan, comprising the Yangtze and Shan-Thai microcontinents and the Simao block, has successively undergone subduction of an oceanic plate, followed by a collision of the microcontinents and intracontinental rifting associated with basaltic volcanism during Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic. The Triassic Nanjian basalts, erupted on the Yangtze microcontinent, have more enriched isotopic ratios and higher LREE/HFSE and LREE/HREE ratios. This suggests the existence of an enriched subcontinental lithosphere under the Yangtze microcontinent which stabilized over long periods of the earth's history (〉 2Ga). The Middle Jurassic Simao basalts have more depleted geochemical features and also have element enrichments characteristic of a subduction zone environment, although the basalts were erupted in an intracontinental graben. It may be inferred that the lithospheric mantle of the Simao block was modified by subduction processes during Latest Carboniferous to Late Triassic prior to the onset of the Middle Jurassic continental rifting. The lack of correlation between depletion of HFSE, Y and HREE, and relative enriched Nd isotopic ratios suggests that the source depletion of the Simao basalts is not an old feature and has been contemporaneous with the subduction-related enrichment through mantle metasomatism shortly before the basalts were produced. The Middle Jurassic Baoshan basalts which erupted during the continental rifting on the Shan-Thai microcontinent have an Sr-Nd isotopic composition similar to the bulk earth and higher concentrations of incompatible trace elements. These features suggest that the subcontinental lithosphere under the Shan-Thai microcontinent underwent mantle metasomatism just prior to eruption of the Baoshan basalt.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 16 (1995), S. S141 
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The prominent features of plasma flash evaporation may be caused by cluster deposition under high net flux of radicals. In order to clarify such features quantitatively, the atomic oxygen flux (Γ o ) and cluster size (d) in 200 Torr RF thermal Ar-O2 plasma were measured on the substrate. It was found that Γ o higher than 1019 atoms/cm2·s can be easily acheived in this processing and this value corresponds to frozen atomic oxygen fraction 7 %. The cluster size of YBCO was estimated to be about 0.3 to 10 nm. 0.8 nm cluster deposition under Γ o higher than 6 × 1018 atoms/cm2·s made it possible to deposit fine epitaxial YBCO films with Tc = 90K on SrTiO3 (100) with extremely high deposition rate around 2.2 μm/min.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Picea glehnii ; conifer seedling ; root protection ; Pythium vexans ; associated fungi ; Penicillium spp. ; patulin ; citrinin ; palitantin ; arthrographol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We screened the microorganisms that are present on the surface of Picea glehnii seeds and produced antifungal compounds against Pythium vexans, a fungus that causes damping-off. Four isolates of Penicillium species that produced patulin, citrinin, palitantin, and arthrographol, respectively, were identified from 149 different microorganisms screened. This study is the first step in an examination of the ecological interaction between host conifers and fungi located on the surface of their seeds.
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