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  • Articles  (35)
  • Springer  (35)
  • 2015-2019  (15)
  • 1995-1999  (19)
  • 1920-1924  (1)
  • 1905-1909
  • Biology  (33)
  • Economics  (2)
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  • Articles  (35)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced Evolvability in Immunoglobulin V Genes Under Somatic Hypermutation (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 49 (1999), S. 23-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Genome evolution — Adaptability — Somatic hypermutation — Affinity maturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Darwinian theory requires that mutations be produced in a nonanticipatory manner; it is nonetheless consistent to suggest that mutations that have repeatedly led to nonviable phenotypes would be introduced less frequently than others—if under appropriate genetic control. Immunoglobulins produced during infection acquire point mutations that are subsequently selected for improved binding to the eliciting antigen. We and others have speculated that an enhancement of mutability in the complementarity-determining regions (CDR; where mutations have a greater chance of being advantageous) and/or decrement of mutability in the framework regions (FR; where mutations are more likely to be lethal) may be accomplished by differential codon usage in concert with the known sequence specificity of the hypermutation mechanism. We have examined 115 nonproductively rearranged human Ig sequences. The mutation patterns in these unexpressed genes are unselected and therefore directly reflect inherent mutation biases. Using a χ2 test, we have shown that the number of mutations in the CDRs is significantly higher than the number of mutations found in the FRs, providing direct evidence for the hypothesis that mutations are preferentially targeted into the CDRs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006530
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of rice α-amylase isozymes expressed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 1050-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Two rice α-amylase isozymes, AmylA and Amy3D, were produced by secretion from genetically engineered strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They have distinct differences in enzymatic characteristics that can be related to the physiology of the germinating rice seed. The rice isozymes were purified with immunoaffinity chromatography. The pH optima for amy3D (pH optimum 5.5) and Amy1A (pH optimum 4.2) correlate with the pH of the endosperm tissue at the times in rice seedling development when these isozymes are produced. Amy3D showed 10–14 times higher reactivity to oligosaccharides than Amy1A. Amy1A, on the other hand, showed higher reactivity to soluble starch and starch granules than Amy3D. These results suggest that the isozyme Amy3D, which is expressed at an early stage of germination, produces sugars from soluble starch during the early stage of seed germination and that the isozyme Amy1A works to initiate hydrolysis of the starch granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166924
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new TNFA promoter allele identified in South American Blacks (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 44 (1996), S. 485-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050158
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of the molecular basis for phosphorylase hypersensitivity in cultured diabetic cardiomyocytes (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 145 (1995), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: glycogen phosphorylase ; alloxan-diabetes ; cardiomyocytes ; cGMP ; phosphodiesterase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The focus of this study was to identify the molecular basis for the hypersensitive response of glycogen phosphorylase activation to epinephrine stimulation in alloxan diabetic-derived cardiomyocytes. Cyclic AMP levels were found not to be significantly different between normal and diabetic-derived cells while cGMP concentrations were found consistently to be significantly lower in diabetic-derived cells than in normal cells. Treatment with cyclic GMP analogues did not affect phosphorylase activation by epinephrine in normal cardiomyocytes whereas, IBMX, a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, had a significant effect on basal and agonist-stimulated phosphorylase activity in both normal and diabetic-derived cardiomyocytes. Differences in the time course for the rate of decay of phosphorylasea from agonist-stimulated to basal levels were observed between normal and diabetic cells. After 3 h in primary culture, phosphorylasea activity returned to basal levels more quickly in normal than in diabetic-derived cells while after 24 h in culture, the time for phosphorylasea decay was not significantly different between normal and diabetic myocytes and was longer than the 3 h response. After 3 h in primary culture, no significant difference in phosphorylase kinase activity was observed between normal and diabetic-derived cells exposed to epinephrine whereas, after 24 h in culture, phosphorylase kinase activity was significantly decreased in diabetic cells under basal and agonist-stimulated conditions. These data collectively suggest that the hypersensitive response of glycogen phosphorylase to epinephrine stimulation in diabetic-derived cardiomyocytes is not due to a defect present at the level of phosphorylase kinase but may, in part, result from an alteration in cardiac phosphodiesterase activity resulting from diminished intracellular cyclic GMP concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00935485
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The third leg: Molecular dynamics simulations of lipid binding proteins (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 192 (1999), S. 143-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: molecular dynamics ; LBP ; FABP ; structure-function ; protein-lipid interactions ; rational drug design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Molecular dynamics computer simulations can provide a third leg which balances the contributions of both structural biology and binding studies performed on the lipid binding protein family. In this context, these calculations help to establish a dialogue between all three communities, by relating experimental observables with details of structure. Working towards this connection is important, since experience has shown the difficulty of inferring thermodynamic properties from a single static conformation. The challenge is exemplified by ongoing attempts to interpret the impact of mutagenesis on structure and function (i.e. binding). A detailed atomic-level understanding of this system could be achieved with the support of all three legs, paving the way towards rational design of proteins with novel specificities. This paper provides an outline of the connections possible between experiment and theory concerning lipid binding proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006818203334
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic relationships among Stylosanthes species revealed by RFLP and STS analyses (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 1179-1186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Stylosanthes ; DNA markers ; Genetic relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Genetic relationships between 6 unclassified taxa and 24 known species of the genus Stylosanthes were investigated by RFLP and STS analyses. This allowed the diploid taxa used in this study to be classified into nine basal (genome) groups. Representative species in these groups included ’S. seabrana’/S. hamata (Group A), S. viscosa (Group B), S. humilis (Group C), S. macrocephala/S. bracteata (Group D), S. pilosa (Group E), S. leiocarpa (Group F), S. guianensis (Group G), S. tomentosa (Group H) and S. calcicola (Group I). Polyploid taxa used were grouped into five classes based on their putative genomic structures. These are AABB for S. scabra, S. aff. scabra, S. sericeiceps, S. aff. hamata and S. tuberculata; AACC for S. mexicana, S. subsericea, S. sundaica and S. sp.A; DDEE for S. capitata; AAFF for S. sympodialis; and AABBXX for S. erecta, with XX representing an unknown genome. Of the 6 unclassified taxa, three were diploids and 3 tetraploids. Of the 3 diploids, the genome of S. sp. was markedly distinct from those of all other diploids analysed in this study, with that of S. leiocarpa being the closest. The genome of S. sp.B was similar to that of S. humilis, with an average dissimilarity value of 15% between them. The genome of S. aff. viscosa was very similar to that of S. viscosa. Genetic variation between these 2 taxa was not larger than that within each of the 2 taxa. Of the 3 tetraploids, the genomic structure of S. sp.A was similar to those of S. mexicana, S. sundaica and S. subsericea, and the genomic structures of S. aff. scabra and S. aff. hamata were similar to those of S. scabra and S. sericeiceps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051322
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of reforestation methods on genetic diversity of lodgepole pine: an assessment using microsatellite and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 793-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Pinus contorta ; Silviculture ; Reforestation ; Gene conservation ; RAPD ; SSR ; DNA analyses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We examined the effects of different methods of forest regeneration on the genetic diversity of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var ‘latifolia’) using two different DNA-based molecular markers [randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) and microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs)]. Genetic diversity was estimated for 30 individuals in each of four populations for the following three stand types: (1) mature lodgepole pine (〉100 years); (2) 20- to 30-year-old harvested stands left for natural regeneration; (3) 20- to 30-year-old planted stands (4 stands of each type); and one group of 30 operationally produced seedlings. There was no significant effect of stand type on expected heterozygosity, although allelic richness and diversity were much higher for SSRs than for RAPDs. Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.39 to 0.47 based on RAPDs and from 0.67 to 0.77 based on SSRs. The number of alleles per locus for SSRs ranged from 3 to 34 (mean 21.0), and there was a significant relationship between sequence repeat length and the number of alleles at a locus. Both marker types showed that over 94% of the variation was contained within the populations and that the naturally regenerated stands sampled had lower (not significant) expected heterozygosity than the planted or unharvested stands. The group of seedlings (assessed by RAPDs only) had expected heterozygosity and allele frequencies similar to those of the unharvested stands. Genetic distance measures were higher than obtained previously in the species using isozyme markers. There was no correlation between the two marker types for pair-wise genetic distances based on populations analyzed by both methods. Pair-wise genetic distance measures and an ordination of allele frequencies for both marker types showed little effect of geographic location or stand type on genetic similarity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051136
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Wirkungen der totalen Leberexstirpation (1924)
    Springer
    Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology 23 (1924), S. 212-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-5786
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kurz zusammengefasst sind die wichtigsten, hier niedergelegten Tatsachen folgende: Es wurde eine Methode für die totale Entfernung der Leber bei Hunden ausgebildet, welche frei von den meisten Fehlerquellen ist, die früheren Exstirpationsmethoden des Organs bei Säugetieren anhaften. Es wurde gefunden, dass eine geeignete Einführung von Glukose bei derart operierten Hunden das Leben viele Stunden nach Verlust des gesamten Lebergewebes erhält. Von den vielen an hepatektomierten Tieren gemachten Beobachtungen möchten wir hervorheben, 1. dass die Leber zur Erhaltung des Blutzuckerspiegels absolut wesentlich ist; 2. dass die Leber der wichtigste Faktor, wenn nicht der einzige, bei dem Prozess der Desamidierung und der Harnstoffbildung ist, und 3. dass Bilirubin auch ohne Mitwirkung der Leber gebildet werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01924578
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic distribution of Bare–1-like retrotransposable elements in the barley genome revealed by sequence-specific amplification polymorphisms (S-SAP) (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 253 (1997), S. 687-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Bare-1  ;  Retrotransposons  ;  Barely  ;   Linkage analysis  ;  Sequence-Specific Amplification Polymorphisms (S-SAPs)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Retrotransposons are present in high copy number in many plant genomes. They show a considerable degree of sequence heterogeneity and insertional polymorphism, both within and between species. We describe here a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method which exploits this polymorphism for the generation of molecular markers in barley. The method produces amplified fragments containing a Bare–1-like retrotransposon long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence at one end and a flanking host restriction site at the other. The level of polymorphism is higher than that revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in barley. Segregation data for 55 fragments, which were polymorphic in a doubled haploid barley population, were analysed alongside an existing framework of some 400 other markers. The markers showed a widespread distribution over the seven linkage groups, which is consistent with the distribution of the Bare–1 class of retrotransposons in the barley genome based on in situ hybridisation data. The potential applicability of this method to the mapping of other multicopy sequences in plants is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050372
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homology of AFLP products in three mapping populations of barley (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 255 (1997), S. 311-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words AFLP ; Barley ; Product homology ; Linkage maps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Segregation of 850 polymorphic AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fragments was followed in three different doubled haploid (DH) barley populations, Dicktoo × Morex (DM), Igri × Franka (IF) and Blenheim × E224/3 (BE), which had previously been used to construct linkage maps using other molecular markers. The final maps consisted of 310, 655 and 474 markers, of which 234, 194 and 376, respectively, were AFLPs. A comparison of profiles from the parental lines identified 51 similar-sized AFLPs segregating in both DM and IF populations, 20 in the DM and BE populations and 18 in the IF and BE populations. Eight segregated in all three. Analysis of the complete datasets for each of the populations using Joinmap V.2. indicated that in general terms each of the AFLPs which were polymorphic in more than one population mapped to the same genetic locus. The number of co-dominant markers segregating in a single population ranged from 6% for DM to 12.6% for IF. These results are discussed in the context of using AFLP in genetic linkage and diversity studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050502
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