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  • 2015-2019  (46)
  • 1995-1999  (60)
  • 1980-1984  (14)
  • 1975-1979  (14)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charging phenomena in low-voltage electron microscopy of laser-fractured fluoride surfaces (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 4928-4933 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Surfaces of fluoride crystals, fractured by a single excimer laser pulse and then covered by a thin conductive layer, are imaged by scanning electron microscopy in the low-voltage secondary electron mode. As a result of charging, at lower primary electron energies a contrast enhancement can be obtained for surface fragments that are no longer tightly attached to the crystal. This differs from high-energy ((approximately-greater-than)10 keV) imaging which only yields topographic contrasts and allows the analysis of the fractured structure by edge and shadowing effects. Even contrast inversion from positive to negative charging of an entire fragment can be achieved, depending on the primary electron energy. It is shown that this effect can be utilized to discriminate between fragments with a good mechanical contact to the bulk and partially detached ones by systematically studying the contrast as a function of electron energy and specimen inclination. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363463
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size evolution of low energy electron generated Ca colloids in CaF2 (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 320-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Metal colloids in CaF2 created by low energy electron irradiation are identified by their optical absorption bands. A mean colloid radius of 18 nm is deduced from a narrow colloid band found in crystals irradiated at room temperature. Absorption data reveal a strong influence of crystal temperature during irradiation on metallization efficiency, mean colloid size, and colloid size distribution. A reversible absorption band shift is observed when turning the electron beam on and off, which may indicate a decrease of colloid size during electron irradiation. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113531
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defect Generation in CaF〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 by AI-Kα X-Ray Irradiation (1996)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 239-241 (Nov. 1996), p. 591-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/02/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.239-241.591.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Femtosecond time-resolved reflection second-harmonic generation on polycrystalline copper (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 142.65.Ky; 63.20.Kr; 78.47.+p
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  Optical Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) in reflection from a polycrystalline copper surface in air was studied using femtosecond time-resolved pump and probe measurements at λ=625 nm. The observed time dependence of second-harmonic yield from the probe beam demonstrates, that SHG is a very sensitive technique for measuring transient electron temperatures of metals even when these are covered by an oxide layer. For polycrystalline copper, an electron–phonon energy transfer time of 2 ps was observed, corresponding to a coupling constant of 3.75×1017 W/m3 K at average lattice temperatures of about 500 K. The analysis of experimental data indicates that the time dependence of SHG is governed by the linear dielectric function ɛ which, in turn, is affected by the electron temperature. There is no evidence for a temperature dependence of the nonlinear susceptibility χ(2) .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050083
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient thermal gratings at surfaces for thermal characterization of bulk materials and thin films (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS07.20.-n; 44.10.+i; 44.30.+v
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Transient Thermal Gratings (TTGs) at surfaces of absorbing materials have been utilized for investigating heat diffusion in bulk materials and thin films. In this report, we describe the theoretical background of the technique and present experimental data. TTGs were excited in the surface plane by interference of two pulsed laser beams and monitored by a cw probe beam, either via temperature dependence of the reflectivity or by deflection from the displacement pattern. A theoretical model describing the thermal and thermoelastic surface response was developed, both for a homogeneous material and a multilayer structure. The potential of the technique will be demonstrated by experimental results on (i) thermal diffusivities of bulk materials, (ii) anisotropic lateral heat transport, and (iii) thermal diffusivities of metal and diamond films. Furthermore, we will show that TTGs allow thermal depth profiling of inhomogeneous materials whenever there is a vertical gradient in thermal conductivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538190
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient thermal gratings at surfaces for thermal characterization of bulk materials and thin films (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.20.−n ; 44.10.+i ; 44.30.+v
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Transient Thermal Gratings (TTGs) at surfaces of absorbing materials have been utilized for investigating heat diffusion in bulk materials and thin films. In this report, we describe the theoretical background of the technique and present experimental data. TTGs were excited in the surface plane by interference of two pulsed laser beams and monitored by a cw probe beam, either via temperature dependence of the reflectivity or by deflection from the displacement pattern. A theoretical model describing the thermal and thermoelastic surface response was developed, both for a homogeneous material and a multilayer structure. The potential of the technique will be demonstrated by experimental results on (i) thermal diffusivities of bulk materials, (ii) anisotropic lateral heat transport, and (iii) thermal diffusivities of metal and diamond films. Furthermore, we will show that TTGs allow thermal depth profiling of inhomogeneous materials whenever there is a vertical gradient in thermal conductivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538190
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SHG studies of magnetization effects on polycrystalline nickel surfaces (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 42.65.Ky; 75.30.Pd
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  The influence of surface magnetization of polycrystalline nickel samples on Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) in reflection was investigated using picosecond laser pulses of 600 nm. The effect was measured for different polarization combinations with samples under normal conditions. For the azimuthal rotation of the magnetization anisotropies of (13±2)% and (19±3)% were observed for s→P and p→P polarization, respectively. The Ker r angle observed by SHG was found to be an order of magnitude larger (4±1)° than the linear Kerr angle. A hysteresis curve was recorded for p→P polarization. No influence of the oxide layer was noticed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050091
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Femtosecond time-resolved reflection second-harmonic generation on polycrystalline copper (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 142.65.Ky ; 63.20.Kr ; 78.47.+p
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optical Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) in reflection from a polycrystalline copper surface in air was studied using femtosecond time-resolved pump and probe measurements at λ=625 nm. The observed time dependence of second-harmonic yield from the probe beam demonstrates, that SHG is a very sensitive technique for measuring transient electron temperatures of metals even when these are covered by an oxide layer. For polycrystalline copper, an electron-phonon energy transfer time of 2 ps was observed, corresponding to a coupling constant of 3.75×1017 W/m3 K at average lattice temperatures of about 500 K. The analysis of experimental data indicates that the time dependence of SHG is governed by the linear dielectric function ε which, in turn, is affected by the electron temperature. There is no evidence for a temperature dependence of the nonlinear susceptibility χ(2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538238
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SHG studies of magnetization effects on polycrystalline nickel surfaces (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65.Ky ; 75.30.Pd
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of surface magnetization of polycrystalline nickel samples on Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) in reflection was investigated using pleosecond laser pulses of 600 nm. The effect was measured for different polarization combinations with samples under normal conditions. For the azimuthal rotation of the magnetization anisotropies of (13±2)% and (19±3)% were observed for s→P and p→P polarization, respectively. The Kerr angle observed by. SHG was found to be an order of magnitude larger (4±1)o than the linear Kerr angle. A hysteresis curve was recorded for p→P polarization. No influence of the oxide layer was noticed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538247
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UV-laser ablation of ductile and brittle metal films (1997)
    Springer
    Applied physics 64 (1997), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.60.Dv; 79.20.Ds; 81.60.Bn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Single-shot laser damage of Ni and Cr films on fused silica substrates has been studied as a function of film thickness, utilizing 248 nm/14 ns pulses and detection by probe beam deflection. Threshold fluences for visible damage and vaporization are compared to predictions of the heat diffusion model. The model fits thresholds for visible damage well and identifies their origin, which is melting for Ni films and brittle-to-ductile phase transition for Cr films. When predicting thresholds for vaporization, the diffusion model is of limited success in case of Ni films but fails completely for Cr films, indicating that transient thermal properties of the material should be taken into account. Microscopic inspection shows that Cr films rupture at low fluences before entering the common sequence of melting and vaporizing with increasing fluence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050468
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