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  • Meteorology and Climatology  (4)
  • Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
  • General Chemistry
  • 2015-2019  (2)
  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1
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    Regulation of bone mass in mice by the lipoxygenase gene Alox15 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: The development of osteoporosis involves the interaction of multiple environmental and genetic factors. Through combined genetic and genomic approaches, we identified the lipoxygenase gene Alox15 as a negative regulator of peak bone mineral density in mice. Crossbreeding experiments with Alox15 knockout mice confirmed that 12/15-lipoxygenase plays a role in skeletal development. Pharmacologic inhibitors of this enzyme improved bone density and strength in two rodent models of osteoporosis. These results suggest that drugs targeting the 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway merit investigation as a therapy for osteoporosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, Robert F -- Allard, John -- Avnur, Zafrira -- Nikolcheva, Tania -- Rotstein, David -- Carlos, Amy S -- Shea, Marie -- Waters, Ruth V -- Belknap, John K -- Peltz, Gary -- Orwoll, Eric S -- AR44659/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HG02322/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR044659/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR044659-08/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):229-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA. kleinro@ohsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/*genetics/*metabolism ; Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase/*genetics/*metabolism ; Bone Density/drug effects/*genetics ; Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Crosses, Genetic ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Fluorenes/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genetic Linkage ; Kidney/metabolism ; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Osteoblasts/cytology/metabolism/physiology ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis/enzymology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Rats ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism ; Stromal Cells/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    The DC-8 Submillimeter-Wave Cloud Ice Radiometer (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Submillimeter-wave cloud ice radiometry is an innovative technique for determining the amount of ice present in cirrus clouds, measuring median crystal size, and constraining crystal shape. The radiometer described in this poster is being developed to acquire data to validate radiometric retrievals of cloud ice at submillimeter wavelengths. The goal of this effort is to develop a technique to enable spaceborne characterization of cirrus, meeting key climate modeling and NASA measurement needs.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Spectrally Dependent CLARREO Infrared Spectrometer Calibration Requirement for Climate Change Detection (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-11
    Description: Detecting climate trends of atmospheric temperature, moisture, cloud, and surface temperature requires accurately calibrated satellite instruments such as the Climate Absolute Radiance and Reflectivity Observatory (CLARREO). Wielicki et al. have studied the CLARREO measurement requirements for achieving climate change accuracy goals in orbit. Our study further quantifies the spectrally dependent IR instrument calibration requirement for detecting trends of atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles. The temperature, water vapor, and surface skin temperature variability and the associated correlation time are derived using Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data. The results are further validated using climate model simulation results. With the derived natural variability as the reference, the calibration requirement is established by carrying out a simulation study for CLARREO observations of various atmospheric states under all-sky. We derive a 0.04 K (k=2, or 95% confidence) radiometric calibration requirement baseline using a spectral fingerprinting method. We also demonstrate that the requirement is spectrally dependent and some spectral regions can be relaxed due to the hyperspectral nature of the CLARREO instrument. We further discuss relaxing the requirement to 0.06 K (k=2) based on the uncertainties associated with the temperature and water vapor natural variability and relatively small delay in time-to-detect for trends relative to the baseline case. The methodology used in this study can be extended to other parameters (such as clouds and CO2) and other instrument configurations.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: NF1676L-26580 , Journal of Climate (ISSN 0894-8755) (e-ISSN 1520-0442 ); 30; 11; 3979-3998
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  • 4
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    The DC-8 Submillimeter-Wave Cloud Ice Radiometer (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: An airborne radiometer is being developed to demonstrate the capability of radiometry at submillimeter-wavelengths to characterize cirrus clouds. At these wavelengths, cirrus clouds scatter upwelling radiation from water vapor in the lower troposphere. Radiometric measurements made at multiple widely spaced frequencies permit flux variations caused by changes in scattering due to crystal size to be distinguished from changes in cloud ice content. Measurements at dual polarizations can also be used to constrain the mean crystal shape. An airborne radiometer measuring the upwelling submillimeter-wave flux should then able to retrieve both bulk and microphysical cloud properties. The radiometer is being designed to make measurements at four frequencies (183 GHz, 325 GHz, 448 GHz, and 643 GHz) with dual-polarization capability at 643 GHz. The instrument is being developed for flight on NASA's DC-8 and will scan cross-track through an aircraft window. Measurements with this radiometer in combination with independent ground-based and airborne measurements will validate the submillimeter-wave radiometer retrieval techniques. The goal of this effort is to develop a technique to enable spaceborne characterization of cirrus, which will meet a key climate measurement need. The development of an airborne radiometer to validate cirrus retrieval techniques is a critical step toward development of spaced-based radiometers to investigate and monitor cirrus on a global scale. The radiometer development is a cooperative effort of the University of Colorado, Colorado State University, Swales Aerospace, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory and is funded by the NASA Instrument Incubator Program.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
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  • 5
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    Quantifying the Dependence of Satellite Cloud Retrievals on Instrument Uncertainty (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-23
    Description: How clouds will respond to Earths warming climate is the greatest contributor to intermodel spread of Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS). Although global climate models (GCMs) generally agree that the total cloud feedback is positive, GCMs disagree on the magnitude of cloud feedback. Satellite instruments with sufficient accuracy to detect climate change-scale trends in cloud properties will provide improved confidence in our understanding of the relationship between observed climate change and cloud property trends, thus providing essential information to the effort to better constrain ECS. However, a robust framework is needed to determine what constitutes sufficient or necessary accuracy for such an achievement. Our study presents and applies such an accuracy framework to quantify the impact of absolute calibration accuracy requirements on climate change-scale trend detection times for cloud amount, height, optical thickness, and effective radius. The accuracy framework used here was previously applied to SW cloud radiative effect and global mean surface temperature in a study that demonstrated the importance of high instrument accuracy to constrain trend detection times for essential climate variables (ECVs). This paper expands upon these previous studies by investigating cloud properties, demonstrating the versatility of applying this framework to other ECVs and the implications of the results within climate science studies.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: NF1676L-24511 , Journal of Climate (ISSN 0894-8755) (e-ISSN 1520-0442); 30; 17; 6959-6976
    Format: application/pdf
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