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  • Articles  (122)
  • Institute of Physics  (53)
  • Springer  (38)
  • American Meteorological Society  (20)
  • Copernicus
  • 2015-2019  (39)
  • 2000-2004  (26)
  • 1990-1994  (27)
  • 1975-1979  (30)
  • Physics  (110)
  • Geography  (31)
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  • Articles  (122)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on Varshni's recent paper on quasar red shifts (1977)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 51 (1977), S. 117-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A recent paper (Varshni, 1976) analyses the distribution of quasar red shifts for randomness, in an incorrect manner. A correct analysis shows that this distribution is in agreement with random expectation. Were the distribution highly non-random, the original conclusion was that, for the red shifts to be cosmological, the Earth would have a strongly privileged position in the Universe. A simple alternative model, in which this would not be so, is pointed out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00642460
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The residual permanent magnetic dipole moment of the moon (1976)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 15 (1976), S. 67-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The residual dipole moment of the outer spherical shell of the Moon, magnetized in the field of an internal dipole is calculated for the case when the permeability of the shell differs from unity. It is shown that, using an average value of surface magnetization from returned lunar crystalline rock samples and a global figure for the lunar permeability of 1.012, that a residual moment of the order of 1015 to 1016 Am2 is expected. This value is some two or three orders of magnitude lower than the moment for a shell magnetized in an external uniform field and is of the same order as the upper limit of the residual moment detected by Russellet al. (1974). At present the magnetic data and the thermal state of the Moon are not known with sufficient accuracy to distinguish between a crust magnetized in an internal dipole field of constant polarity and a crust magnetized in the dipole field of a self-reversing core dynamo. Refined measurements of the relevant parameters together with the theory presented in this paper could enable these two possibilities to be distinguished.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562472
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stopped-flow fluorescence studies of the interaction of a mutant form of cytochrome b5 with lipid vesicles (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of fluorescence 4 (1994), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4994
    Keywords: Cytochrome b5 ; site-directed mutagenesis ; kinetics ; fluorescence ; membrane-binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cytochrome b5 binds spontaneously to lipid vescles and also self-associates in aqueous solution. Two mutant proteins have been generated, one has a self-association constant which is less than that of the native protein, while the other has a larger self-association constant. All three proteins have Trp in the membrane-binding domain but as aqueous solutions of these proteins contain differing amounts of monomeric protein, the kinetics of fluorescence enhancement, when the proteins are mixed with lipid vesicles, are complex. Similar complex kinetics are seen when the Trp are quenched by the addition of bromolipid vesicles. The mutant which has Trp 108 and 112 both replaced by Leu does not self-associate and shows monoexponential stopped-flow fluorescence kinetics. Identical rate constants are seen with this mutant for fluorescence enhancement by POPC and fluorescence quenching by three bromolipids with bromines at the 6,7-, 9,10-, and 11,12-positions of thesn-2 acyl chain. This rate constant is only 1% of the calculated collisional rate constant and it is suggested that the reduced rate is caused by a reduction in the number of productive collisions rather than by a slow rate of penetration of the membrane-binding domain into the bilayer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01878455
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spike-strain test for polymeric liquids and its relevance for irreversible destruction of network connectivity by deformation (1979)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 18 (1979), S. 463-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Grundannahmen derLodgeschen Theorie der gummiartigen Flüssigkeit werden zusammengefaßt. Zwei weitere Annahmen sind notwendig, wenn man das Scher- und Dehnverhalten von Polymerschmelzen und konzentrierten Polymerlösungen bei finiten Deformationen beschreiben will: (1) die Annahme der Zerstörung des temporären Netzwerkes polymerer Flüssigkeiten mit zunehmender Deformation und (2) die Annahme, daß diese Zerstörung ein irreversibler Vorgang ist. Hier wird ein neuer Versuch, der sogenannte „Spike-Strain-Test“, vorgeschlagen. Damit ist es möglich, die Annahme einer irreversiblen Zerstörung des temporären Netzwerkes polymerer Flüssigkeiten mit zunehmender Deformation zu überprüfen. Die Bedeutung dieses Experimentes für eine größere Klasse von rheologischen Zustandsgleichungen wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The basic assumptions ofLodge's rubberlike-liquid constitutive equation for polymer melts and concentrated solutions are summarized. By two additional assumptions — (i) the network disentanglement assumption and (ii) the irreversibility assumption — a modified rubberlike-liquid constitutive equation is obtained, which has been shown to be a valid description of material behaviour in shear and elongational flow. In this paper a novel test — the spikestrain test — is proposed. On the basis of this experiment the assumption of irreversible destruction of network connectivity by deformation can be examined. The significance of the spike-strain test for a larger class of constitutive equations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01736952
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A dynamical model for gravitation (1976)
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 6 (1976), S. 143-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9516
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A gravitational model is proposed that relates the terrestrially measured value of the gravitational constantG directly to the density and angular velocity of the galaxy. The model indicates a constant scalar value forG within most regions of our galaxy, but predicts thatG will be different in other galaxies and zero in intergalactic space. The model offers explanations for galactic cluster stability, discrepancies in terrestrial measurements ofG, and atomic particle stability. The model also provides a causal relationship between strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational interactions. The two postulates required for the proposed model reduce to two assumptions made in GRT in regions whereG is constant; these postulates are consistent with the existence of a 2.7 K blackbody background radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00708956
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clarification of an apparent asymmetry in electromagnetic theory (1978)
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 8 (1978), S. 921-926 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9516
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The status of the advanced potential solution in electromagnetic theory is analyzed and assessed. It is shown that the advanced potential solution does not violate a causality argument and that its existence in electromagnetic theory is on an exactly equal footing with the retarded potential solution. The general potential solution is thus completely symmetric. It is further shown that there is no “one-sidedness” in nature; oscillating electrons and orbiting electrons are just as good at absorbing energy as they are at radiating it. These conclusions are sufficient to invalidate a number of theoretical models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00715063
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-order cycles in the logistic map or centers of cardioids in the mandelbrot set (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 58 (1990), S. 579-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Logistic map ; Mandelbrot set
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Asymptotic expressions for the positions of the centres (along the real axis) of high-order cycle cardioids closest to the limit point −2 in the Mandelbrot set are obtained by a combination of numerical and analytical methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01112764
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gauge in general relativity. II (1978)
    Springer
    General relativity and gravitation 9 (1978), S. 21-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9532
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The present paper and a companion work are intended as one possible realization of a non-customary gauge theory of general relativity-as set forth in only broad outline in an earlier work. In this first paper, it is found that both radar echo delay and the perihelion shift differ slightly from their customary expressions. Unfortunately, it is also found that the usual statement of the principle of equivalence does not hold in the present formulation. Finally, in the second paper, a single cosmological model is investigated that appears to be promising.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00772548
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gauge in general relativity. III (1978)
    Springer
    General relativity and gravitation 9 (1978), S. 39-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9532
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A noncustomary gauge theory of general relativity, developed in detail in the preceding paper (II), is here applied to cosmology. A universe that is homogeneous and isotropic in the customary gauge, is considered-first generally, and then in more detail for the case where the noncustomary universe is matter dominated and static. With a particular choice ofσ equation, this model is solved and a new relation between customary mass density, Hubble constant, and deceleration parameter is found. For a customary deceleration parameter of 1.98, this relation yields a customary mass density of 3.1×10−31 g/cm3-in good agreement with experiment. Finally, the age of the universe in this model is found to be〉6.6× 109 yr, again in agreement with other estimates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00772549
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved X-ray scattering studies of rapid crystallization of amorphous metals (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 14 (1993), S. 541-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: amorphous metals ; crystallization ; in situ measurements ; X-ray scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Time-resolved X-ray scattering has been used to study the kinetics of crystallization of amorphous metals on time scales varying from minutes to milliseconds. Measurements have been at the National Synchrotron Light Source, using a wide-bandpass monochomator and fast linear position-sensitive detector system at the IBM/MIT beamline X-20C. With this apparatus, scattering patterns from the transforming material can be acquired with 3-ms time resolution. A fast pyrometric temperature controller has been developed to change and regulate the sample temperature with microsecond response. In a typical measurement, two synchronized position-sensitive detectors provide complementaryin situ information about the transformation. The first is used for wide-angle scattering and allows us to determine which phases are present and to what extent. Changes in lattice parameter and particle size can also be deduced. The second detector measures small-angle scattering, yielding additional information about the microstructure, such as the spacing between lammellae in eutectic systems. At relatively slow transformation rates, quantitative measurements of crystal volume fractions as small as 10−4 are possible. In many systems, as the transformation rate is increased, the crystallization mechanism changes such that new metastable crystal phases are formed en route to the equilibrium structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566051
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