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  • Springer  (245)
  • Geological Society of America (GSA)
  • 2015-2019  (39)
  • 2000-2004  (34)
  • 1995-1999  (89)
  • 1990-1994  (81)
  • 1965-1969  (6)
  • 1950-1954  (2)
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Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survey of pesticide use by Ontario greenhouse chrysanthemum producers (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 53 (1994), S. 486-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199016
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescent tracer and pesticide penetration through selected protective clothing (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 53 (1994), S. 479-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199015
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coring artifacts and contaminant inventories in lake sediment (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 15 (1996), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: lake sediments ; gravity core ; freeze core ; coring artifacts ; contaminant concentration ; contaminant inventory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Sediments of Lake 382, Experimental Lakes Area, Canada, were sampled at six sites using a 5-cm Wildco KB core sampler (KB), a similar device incorporating a ball check valve (BC), and a 0.2 m by 1.2 m flat-faced aluminum freeze core sampler (FC). Cores were sectioned at 1-cm intervals to a depth of 15 cm. Contaminant (210Pb and 137Cs) concentrations (Bq g-1) were measured by gamma spectroscopy, and inventories (Bq cm-2) were calculated following standard methods. Sediments collected using FC, BC and KB had similar contaminant concentrations, however, cores collected by FC and BC had lower estimated inventories than KB cores. Differences between estimates appear to be caused by differences in the water content (WC) of core material. Laboratory studies confirm that FC sediments have higher WC than tube-cored sediment. We hypothesize that ice crystal formation increases the WC of freeze cores, resulting in lower contaminant inventories. Loss of surficial sediment caused by a ‘bow wave’ may have a similar effect on BC samples. We conclude that KB core gear is appropriate for sampling sediments to measure contaminant concentrations and inventories in recently deposited sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176992
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forest gradient response in Sierran landscapes: the physical template (2000)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 15 (2000), S. 603-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: gap model ; gradient analysis ; landscape pattern ; sensitivity analysis ; Sierra Nevada ; spatial scale ; water balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vegetation pattern on landscapes is the manifestation of physical gradients, biotic response to these gradients, and disturbances. Here we focus on the physical template as it governs the distribution of mixed-conifer forests in California's Sierra Nevada. We extended a forest simulation model to examine montane environmental gradients, emphasizing factors affecting the water balance in these summer-dry landscapes. The model simulates the soil moisture regime in terms of the interaction of water supply and demand: supply depends on precipitation and water storage, while evapotranspirational demand varies with solar radiation and temperature. The forest cover itself can affect the water balance via canopy interception and evapotranspiration. We simulated Sierran forests as slope facets, defined as gridded stands of homogeneous topographic exposure, and verified simulated gradient response against sample quadrats distributed across Sequoia National Park. We then performed a modified sensitivity analysis of abiotic factors governing the physical gradient. Importantly, the model's sensitivity to temperature, precipitation, and soil depth varies considerably over the physical template, particularly relative to elevation. The physical drivers of the water balance have characteristic spatial scales that differ by orders of magnitude. Across large spatial extents, temperature and precipitation as defined by elevation primarily govern the location of the mixed conifer zone. If the analysis is constrained to elevations within the mixed-conifer zone, local topography comes into play as it influences drainage. Soil depth varies considerably at all measured scales, and is especially dominant at fine (within-stand) scales. Physical site variables can influence soil moisture deficit either by affecting water supply or water demand; these effects have qualitatively different implications for forest response. These results have clear implications about purely inferential approaches to gradient analysis, and bear strongly on our ability to use correlative approaches in assessing the potential responses of montane forests to anthropogenic climatic change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008183331604
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute toxicity of pure pentachlorophenol and a technical formulation to three species ofDaphnia (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 20 (1991), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The acute toxicity of a technical formulation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and pure pentachlorophenol to three age classes ofDaphnia magna, and adultD. pulex andD. galeata mendotae was determined by static toxicity tests. The influence of a number of factors on toxicity of PCP was also examined. The 48-hr LC50 estimates for adult daphnids of the three species exposed to pure PCP were 1.78, 4.59 and 0.51 mg/L, respectively, while those for the technical formulation were 2.57, 3.66 and 0.33 mg/L, respectively. There was little difference in toxicity between the technical and pure PCP; however, toxicity of both forms of PCP was influenced by duration of exposure, age (and/or size) and species of test organism and pH of the test solution. Pentachlorophenol caused a toxic response over a very narrow range of concentrations, with the greatest response occurring immediately between 0 and 24 hr. Pure PCP was equally toxic to all age classes ofD. magna but susceptibility to technical PCP decreased with maturation.D. g. mendotae was ten times more sensitive thanD. pulex to PCP. Pure PCP was significantly more toxic toD. magna at pH 5.5 than 7.0 with mean 48-hr LC50 values of 0.082 and 1.78 mg PCP/L, respectively. At 12°C, the toxicity of both forms of PCP toD. g. mendotae andD. pulex did not differ significantly from that at 20°C; however, technical PCP was significantly more toxic toD. magna at 12°C for an exposure duration of 48 hr. There was no effect of test container size (100, 250, 600 and 1,000 mL) on the toxicity of PCP toD. magna at 20°C with the lower pH of 5.5, suggesting that adsorption to glassware was not a factor in availability of PCP to test organisms. Beaker size had no effect on the toxicity of PCP toD. pulex at 20°C with test solutions having a pH of 7.0-8.0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065331
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A plant life-cycle bioassay for contaminated soil, with comparison to other bioassays: Mercury and zinc (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 25 (1993), S. 27-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bioassays using rapid-cycling plants allow measurement of multiple endpoints and assessment of impacts on both growth and reproduction. Selections of Brassica rapa develop rapidly in a broad range of soils and are very consistent in production of flower and seed. Their sensitivity to variation in growth conditions was investigated to define the variables that most affect performance. Yield differences between soils were substantial, indicating the need for careful selection and use of control treatments. The sensitivity to contaminants was investigated with applications of mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn) to three soils. In a sand soil, bloom initiation was slowed by 〈10 mg Hg kg−1 soil and 〈50 mg Zn kg−1 soil. In contrast, lettuce emergence and earthworm survival were less sensitive to these metals in this soil. Survival of Daphnia magna and the Microtox® assay in soil extracts were more sensitive to Hg than bloom initiation, but less sensitive to Zn. A similar relationship among the bioassays was observed for two finer-textured soils, although for these, effects were usually apparent only at soil metal concentrations 〉200 mg kg−1. Enzyme assays were included for comparison, but were not sensitive to Hg contamination. Rapid-cycling B. rapa selections are suitable for routine bioassays, and are representative of several widely distributed and utilized species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230707
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new procedure for calibrating the Video Imaging Technique for Assessing dermal Exposure to pesticides (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 398-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Improvements in the calibration techniques used in a Video Imaging Technique for Assessing Exposure (VITAE) were examined. A series of standard curves measuring change in fluorescence with increased tracer deposition within narrow pre-exposure skin tone groupings on volunteer human subjects were developed. Nine highly linear curves were generated. Data from these curves were used to develop calibration curves which permitted the computerized correction of fluorescence based on the pre-exposure skin fluorescence. VITAE estimates of dermal tracer deposition were highly correlated with application rates (r2=0.98). The fluorescent tracer 4-methyl-7-diethylaminocoumarin was found to be stable for up to 48 h in a greenhouse environment when applied to chrysanthemum foliage or alpha-cellulose patches. The percentage of tracer which could be dislodged from chrysanthemum foliage was constant over 48 h. Improvements in the VITAE calibration techniques increase its value in providing full-body dosimetric estimates of dermal exposure to pesticides in enclosed environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203569
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of iodine, iodide, and iodate to Daphnia magna and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 29 (1995), S. 344-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The acute toxicity (96-h LC50) of aqueous stable iodine species (I−, IO 3 − , I2) to rainbow trout and Daphnia magna were measured at three individual concentrations of hardness, total organic carbon, and chloride. Rainbow trout were most sensitive to I2 (LC50⩾0.53 mg/L), and much less sensitive to IO 3 − (LC50⩾220 mg/L) or I− (LC50⩾860 mg/L). Daphnia magna were equally sensitive to I2 (LC50⩾0.16 mg/L) and I− (LC50⩾0.17 mg/L), but were less sensitive to IO 3 − (LC50⩾10.3 mg/L). The external and internal radiological dose imparted by equivalent molar quantities of radioactive 125I, 129I, and 131I were calculated for both the Daphnia and trout using the LC50 values obtained from a standard water treatment. As expected, the dose from 125I and 131I would exceed the expected lethal dose rate long before a chemically toxic level is reached. In contrast, a molar concentration of 129I likely to cause death by chemical toxicity would impart a radiological dose less than that expected to be lethal. Thus, for short-lived aquatic organisms, risks due to chemical toxicity of 129I may exceed risks due to its radioactive emissions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212499
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Storm Water Outfalls Adjacent to Urban Areas and Petroleum Refineries in San Francisco Bay, California (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 37 (1999), S. 290-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were analyzed in storm water collected from 15 outfalls in San Francisco Bay, California, considered representative of areas located adjacent to petroleum refineries and mixed urban/commercial/residential land uses. Storm water sampling was conducted hourly over a 12-h period at two outfalls located near the city of Oakland and the suburban community of Benicia, which represent urban and mixed urban/light industrial land uses, respectively. Sampling was conducted hourly to determine temporal changes in the concentrations and distributions of PCDD/Fs during the first major rainstorm event of the 1995/96 winter season. In addition, storm water sampling was conducted in December 1995 and February/April 1996 at six publicly owned treatment work (POTW) outfalls located adjacent to developed, undeveloped, mixed residential/commercial, and industrial lands. Storm water sampling also was conducted at five outfalls located adjacent to petroleum refineries. The sampling results were used to examine changes in PCDD/F loadings to San Francisco Bay at the onset and midway through the winter rainy season and to characterize differences in PCDD/F concentrations, if any, between refinery and nonrefinery areas. The concentrations of tetra- through octa-chlorinated homologues and 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners were assayed in filtered storm water samples according to US EPA Method 1613A. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used as an exploratory technique to examine the similarities and differences in the distributions of PCDD/Fs in storm water from different outfalls. The sampling results showed few significant differences between storm water discharged from outfalls located in mixed urban/commercial/residential areas and outfalls located adjacent to petroleum refineries. The concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD were below the analytical limits of detection in all storm water samples, with the exception of samples collected after the sixth hour of sampling at the Oakland outfall. Fingerprint patterns were generally dominated by the higher chlorinated PCDD/F congeners including OCDD, OCDF, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD. Total TEQs were generally below US EPA ambient water quality criteria and aquatic ecotoxicology guideline values. The results of this study strongly suggest that discrete sampling of storm water outfalls is insufficient to characterize the concentrations and distributions of persistent hydrophobic contaminants such as PCDD/Fs. In addition to surface water runoff from the city of Oakland, other nonindustrialized urban locations may represent important sources of PCDD/Fs to San Francisco Bay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900517
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistence and lateral movement of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and picloram on power line rights-of-way (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 19 (1990), S. 572-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Soil persistence and lateral movement of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) were examined following their application as a stem-foliage spray for brush control on two power line rights-of-way. Ditches to collect runoff water were located 3, 10, 20, and 30 m downslope from the treated areas. Runoff water and soil samples were collected after 0.14, 0.43, 0.57, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 15, 16, and 48 weeks and were analyzed for picloram and 2,4-D residues. Only 3 of 85 soil samples downslope from the target areas contained residues of 2,4-D, and only 1 of 85 down slope samples contained a detectable residue of picloram. Of 56 runoff water samples, only 11 contained 2,4-D residues and only 1 contained residues of picloram. The greatest distances downslope at which residues were detected in runoff water were 20 and 10 m for 2,4-D and picloram, respectively. No residues of either herbicide were recovered in soil or water at 15 weeks or 48 weeks after spraying. Despite normal rainfall frequency and amounts in the first several weeks after spraying in mid-June, significant runoff of either herbicide was not evident at either study site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059077
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