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  • Springer  (574)
  • Oxford University Press  (7)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (4)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (4)
  • 2015-2019  (536)
  • 2005-2009  (13)
  • 1990-1994  (35)
  • 1940-1944  (5)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 16 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Carbon transport across the plasma membrane, and carbon fixation were measured in perfused Chara internodal cells. These parameters were measured in external media of pH 5·5 and pH 8·5, where CO2 and HCO3- are, respectively, the predominant carbon species in both light and dark conditions. Cells perfused with medium containing ATP could utilize both CO2 and HCO3- from the external medium in the light. Photosynthetic carbon fixation activity was always higher at pH 5·5 than at pH 8·5. When cells were perfused either with medium containing hexokinase and 2-deoxyglucose to deplete ATP from the cytosol (HK medium) or with medium containing vanadate, a specific inhibitor of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase (V medium), photosynthetic carbon fixation was strongly inhibited at both pH 5·5 and 8·5. Perfusion of cells with medium containing pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to maximally activate the H+-ATPase (PK medium), stimulated the photosynthetic carbon fixation activities. Oxygen evolution of isolated chloroplasts and the carbon fixation of cells supplied 14C intracellularly were not inhibited by perfusion media containing either hexokinase and 2-deoxyglucose or vanadate. The results indicate that Chara cells possess CO2 and HCO3- transport systems energized by ATP and sensitive to vanadate in the light. In the dark, intact cells also fix carbon. By contrast, in cells perfused with medium containing ATP, no carbon fixation was detected in 1 mol m -3 total dissolved inorganic carbon (TDIC) at pH 8·5. By increasing TDIC to 10 mol m-3, dark fixation became detectable, although it was still lower than that of intact cells at 1mol m-3 TDIC. Addition of PEP or PEP and PEP carboxylase to the perfusion media significantly increased the dark-carbon fixation. Perfusion with vanadate had no effect on the dark-carbon fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 36 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The feeding ecology of whitefish, Coregonus, larvae in oligotrophic Lake Sarnen and eutrophic Lake Hallwil is presented, taking into consideration the size of the prey ingested in relation to the mouth size of larvae and to the availability of zooplankton.When larvae grow from 10 to 16 mm their mouth width increases from 500 to 1000 μm while their gape height, with the mouth open at 45 and 90°, increases from 200 to 400 μm and from 400 to 700 μm, respectively, whichever lake is considered.The differences found in the mean prey width between the two lakes arise in part from the composition of diets, and in part from differences in size of the available prey organisms. Whatever the origin of the larvae and the taxon we consider, larvae seem to ingest the most abundant prey size without selecting the biggest ones available even if, from a mechanical point of view, they would be able to ingest them.Taking into account the generally low density of zooplankton in the uppermost layer of the lake, we conclude that whitefish larvae eat in the manner such as to decrease the cost of prey capture, in terms of energy and time, by choosing the more abundant prey available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 104 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The remanent magnetization of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic carbonates from the Tibetan Sedimentary Series (TSS) of the Manang area north of the Annapurna Range (north central Nepal) has been investigated. the TSS forms part of the tectonic unit between the Indian-Eurasian plate boundary in the north and the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in the south.Apart from a present field direction, three remanence components have been separated: a normal polarity, post-folding remanence (negative fold test) is carried by pyrrhotite (the core corrected mean direction for five sites with 47 specimens from Silurian/Devonian rocks is decl. = 312.9°, incl. = 58.3°α95= 17.6°, K= 19.8). the origin of this component is not understood.A more precisely determined, reversed polarity, post-folding remanence (99 per cent negative fold test) is also carried by pyrrhotite (the core corrected mean direction for 12 sites with 229 specimens from Carboniferous/Triassic rocks is decl. = 196.4°, incl. = -65.9°, α95= 3.2°, k = 183).One site of Lower Carinan age shows—in addition to the pyrrhotite component— a second, stable remanence direction carried by magnetite. the fold test is 99 per cent positive and there is a high probability that the remanence is of detrital origin (the bedding corrected direction for one site with 40 specimens is decl. =334.3°, incl. = -54.1°, α95= 4.2°, k = 30.2, palaeolatitude 34.6°S).The direction of the magnetite component coincides with other Triassic palaeodirection data from the literature and the inclination suggests a palaeoposition of the TSS at the northern margin of India at this time. the northern extent of India in the Triassic cannot be reconstructed from the data because of the strong anticlockwise rotation (48°) of stable India since this time.The inclination of the reverse polarity pyrrhotite component is 19° steeper than expected from the maximum northern position of the area. This suggests a regional northward tilt along the MCT which is supported by steep inclinations found in other areas.Declination data for the reverse polarity pyrrhotite component and for the magnetite component deviate clockwise from expected values for the area by 23°-34° (calculated from the Indian APWP). Utilizing Klootwijk, Conaghan & Powell's (1985) rotational underthrusting model, the minimum magnitude of continental underthrusting between the TSS and stable India at the longitude of central Nepal (84°E) has been calculated from the declination of our reverse polarity pyrrhotite component. A possible range of 520–1100 km results from consideration of different tectonic models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 46 (1991), S. 343-353 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: PLA-folding ; vertex separation ; complexity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwei diskrete Optimierungsprobleme beim VLSI-Design sind die Fläche eines programmierbaren logischen Arrays (PLA) zu reduzieren und einen Graphen in möglichst gleich große Teilgraphen zu zerlegen. Wir zeigen, daß eine in der Praxis oft benutzte Flächenreduktionstechnik, das Blockfolding, äquivalent ist zu dem Problem, Graphen durch Wegnahme von Knoten zu zerlegen. Es wird gezeigt, daß dieses Problem schon für 3-reguläre GraphenNP-schwer ist.
    Notes: Abstract Two discrete optimization problems arising in VLSI are to reduce the area of a programmable logic array (PLA) and to separate graphs uniformly. We show that a commonly used area reduction technique called blockfolding is equivalent to separating graphs by vertex deletion. The later problem is shown to be NP-complete even for 3-regular-graphs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Neutron scattering has been employed to study the crystalline electric field (CEF) interaction at the Ho3+ site in Bi2Sr2Ca0.5Ho0.5Cu2O8+x. The observed energy spectra exhibit a large number of broad but well-resolved CEF transitions between 1.2 and 73 meV, so that we have been able to unambiguously determine all nine CEF parameters required for the average orthorhombic symmetry. The unusually large line widths of the CEF transitions are shown to be related to the modulated structure. The CEF potential is essentially governed by the charge distribution of the CuO2 planes which turns out to be very similar as in HoBa2Cu3O7-x.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 7 (1991), S. 27-34 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Bacterium ; Fermentation ; Nutrition ; Optimization ; Liquefaction ; High-substrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary An alternative process for industrial lactic acid production was deveooped using a starch degrading lactic acid producing organism,Lactobacillus amylovorus B-4542. In this process, saccharification takes place during the fermentation, eliminating the need for complete hydrolysis of the starch to glucose prior to fermentation. The cost savings of this alternative are substantial since it eliminates the energy input, separate reactor tank, time, and enzyme associated with the typical pre-fermentation saccharification step. The only pre-treatment was gelatinization and enzyme-thinning of the starch to overcome viscosity problems associated with high starch concentrations and to make the starch more rapidly degradable. This fermentation process was optimized for temperature, substrate level, nitrogen source and level, mineral level, B-vitamins, volatile fatty acids, pH, and buffer source. The rate of the reaction and the final level of lactic acid obtained in the optimized liquefied starch process was similar to that obtained withL. delbrueckii B-445 using glucose as the substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 52 (1994), S. 734-741 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 28 (1940), S. 209-228 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine kritische Übersicht betreffend die Eignung der in der Literatur für die colorimetrische Bestimmung kleiner Mengen Kupfer vorgeschlagenen Methoden. Die häufiger benutzten Verfahren, welche die Bildung einer gefärbten Lösung als Grundlage benutzen, wurden mit Hilfe eines photoelektrischen Colorimeters untersucht, um herauszufinden, in welchem Ausmaße die grundlegende Voraussetzung für colorimetrische Messungen, nämlich das Vorhandensein eines bestimmten Extinktionskoeffizienten für eine gegebene Wellenlänge, erfüllt ist. Das Absorptionsspektrum der gefärbten Lösung wurde im Falle aller nützlich erscheinenden Methoden bestimmt, um die Auswall geeigneter Filter zu ermöglichen. Die Geschwindigkeiten der Bildung und der Zerstörung der gefärbten Reaktionsprodukte wurden untersucht und besprochen. Trotz der vielen organischen Reagenzien, die für die colorimetrische Bestimmung des Kupfers vorgeschlagen worden sind, befanden sich unter jenen Methoden, die das Gesetz vonBeer befolgten, nur zwei Verfahren, die organische Reagenzien benutzen. Von diesen beiden wiederum besitzt die Salicylatmethode die schlechteste Präzision und die Dithiocarbamatmethode den kleinsten Gültigkeitsbersich unter allen Methoden, dieBeers Gesetz befolgen. Im Gegensatz dazu erwiesen sich alle jene Verfahren, die sich auf den Gebrauch anorganischer Reagenzien stützen (Ammoniak, Chlorid, Bromid, Sulfid und Ferrocyanid), durchaus zufriedenstellend.
    Abstract: Résumé (W) Ce travail donne une vue d'ensemble critique concernant la caractéristique des méthodes proposées dans la littérature pour la détermination colorimétrique de petites quantités de cuivre. Les procédés les plus employés aujourd'hui, qui utilisent la formation d'une solution colorée, ont été examinés à l'aide d'un colorimètre photoélectrique, pour prouver dans quelle mesure l'hypothèse de départ pour des mesures colorimétriques et notamment l'existence d'un coefficient d'extinction déterminé pour une longueur d'onde donnée, est vérifiée. Le spectre d'absorption de la solution colorée a été déterminé pour toutes les méthodes paraissent utilisables et ceci pour faciliter le choix du filtre approprié. La rapidité de formation et de destruction des produits de réaction colorés a été éprouvée et discutée. Malgré les nombreux réactifs organiques qui ont été proposés pour la détermination colorimétrique du cuivre, il ne s'est trouvé, parmi les méthodes qui suivent la loi deBeer, que deux procédés qui utilisent des réactifs organiques. De ces deux, la méthode au salicylate présente le moins de précision et celle au dithiocarbamate le moins de constance de toutes les méthodes qui suivent la loi deBeer. Par contre, les procédés fondés sur l'emploi des réactifs inorganiques (ammoniaque, chlorure, bromure, sulfure et ferrocyanure) sont complétement satisfaisants.
    Notes: Summary This paper is a critical review of the many methods reported in the literature for the colorimetric determination of small quantities of copper. The methods frequently used and described as giving colored solutions have been examined by means of a photoelectric colorimeter, to reveal how well they conform to the fundamental requirements of colorimetry, namely, the existence of a definite extinction coefficient at a given wave length. For all of the useful methods, the absorption spectrum of the colored solution has been measured so as to be able to prescribe appropriate filters for use in the colorimetric analyses. The rates of formation and fading of the colored products have been examined and discussed. Of the methods involving organic reagents, only two were found reasonably satisfactory: dithiocarbamate and salicylate. Among the inorganic reagents, ammonia, chloride, bromide, sulfide, and ferrocyanide meet the basic requirements of colorimetry.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 31 (1943), S. 271-272 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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