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  • Springer  (242)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (7)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (4)
  • 2015-2019  (166)
  • 2005-2009  (24)
  • 1995-1999  (63)
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  • 1
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    The complete genome of an individual by massively parallel DNA sequencing (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-19
    Description: The association of genetic variation with disease and drug response, and improvements in nucleic acid technologies, have given great optimism for the impact of 'genomic medicine'. However, the formidable size of the diploid human genome, approximately 6 gigabases, has prevented the routine application of sequencing methods to deciphering complete individual human genomes. To realize the full potential of genomics for human health, this limitation must be overcome. Here we report the DNA sequence of a diploid genome of a single individual, James D. Watson, sequenced to 7.4-fold redundancy in two months using massively parallel sequencing in picolitre-size reaction vessels. This sequence was completed in two months at approximately one-hundredth of the cost of traditional capillary electrophoresis methods. Comparison of the sequence to the reference genome led to the identification of 3.3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, of which 10,654 cause amino-acid substitution within the coding sequence. In addition, we accurately identified small-scale (2-40,000 base pair (bp)) insertion and deletion polymorphism as well as copy number variation resulting in the large-scale gain and loss of chromosomal segments ranging from 26,000 to 1.5 million base pairs. Overall, these results agree well with recent results of sequencing of a single individual by traditional methods. However, in addition to being faster and significantly less expensive, this sequencing technology avoids the arbitrary loss of genomic sequences inherent in random shotgun sequencing by bacterial cloning because it amplifies DNA in a cell-free system. As a result, we further demonstrate the acquisition of novel human sequence, including novel genes not previously identified by traditional genomic sequencing. This is the first genome sequenced by next-generation technologies. Therefore it is a pilot for the future challenges of 'personalized genome sequencing'.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wheeler, David A -- Srinivasan, Maithreyan -- Egholm, Michael -- Shen, Yufeng -- Chen, Lei -- McGuire, Amy -- He, Wen -- Chen, Yi-Ju -- Makhijani, Vinod -- Roth, G Thomas -- Gomes, Xavier -- Tartaro, Karrie -- Niazi, Faheem -- Turcotte, Cynthia L -- Irzyk, Gerard P -- Lupski, James R -- Chinault, Craig -- Song, Xing-zhi -- Liu, Yue -- Yuan, Ye -- Nazareth, Lynne -- Qin, Xiang -- Muzny, Donna M -- Margulies, Marcel -- Weinstock, George M -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Rothberg, Jonathan M -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 17;452(7189):872-6. doi: 10.1038/nature06884.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18421352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Computational Biology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics/economics/*methods/trends ; Genotype ; Humans ; Individuality ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/*methods ; Software
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    TGF-beta-induced Foxp3 inhibits T(H)17 cell differentiation by antagonizing RORgammat function (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-28
    Description: T helper cells that produce IL-17 (T(H)17 cells) promote autoimmunity in mice and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory diseases. At mucosal surfaces, T(H)17 cells are thought to protect the host from infection, whereas regulatory T (T(reg)) cells control immune responses and inflammation triggered by the resident microflora. Differentiation of both cell types requires transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), but depends on distinct transcription factors: RORgammat (encoded by Rorc(gammat)) for T(H)17 cells and Foxp3 for T(reg) cells. How TGF-beta regulates the differentiation of T cells with opposing activities has been perplexing. Here we demonstrate that, together with pro-inflammatory cytokines, TGF-beta orchestrates T(H)17 cell differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. At low concentrations, TGF-beta synergizes with interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-21 (refs 9-11) to promote IL-23 receptor (Il23r) expression, favouring T(H)17 cell differentiation. High concentrations of TGF-beta repress IL23r expression and favour Foxp3+ T(reg) cells. RORgammat and Foxp3 are co-expressed in naive CD4+ T cells exposed to TGF-beta and in a subset of T cells in the small intestinal lamina propria of the mouse. In vitro, TGF-beta-induced Foxp3 inhibits RORgammat function, at least in part through their interaction. Accordingly, lamina propria T cells that co-express both transcription factors produce less IL-17 (also known as IL-17a) than those that express RORgammat alone. IL-6, IL-21 and IL-23 relieve Foxp3-mediated inhibition of RORgammat, thereby promoting T(H)17 cell differentiation. Therefore, the decision of antigen-stimulated cells to differentiate into either T(H)17 or T(reg) cells depends on the cytokine-regulated balance of RORgammat and Foxp3.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597437/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597437/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Liang -- Lopes, Jared E -- Chong, Mark M W -- Ivanov, Ivaylo I -- Min, Roy -- Victora, Gabriel D -- Shen, Yuelei -- Du, Jianguang -- Rubtsov, Yuri P -- Rudensky, Alexander Y -- Ziegler, Steven F -- Littman, Dan R -- AI48779/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048779/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048779-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 8;453(7192):236-40. doi: 10.1038/nature06878. Epub 2008 Mar 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-17/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; Receptors, Interleukin/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*cytology/*drug effects/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Tracing the stepwise oxygenation of the Proterozoic ocean (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-28
    Description: Biogeochemical signatures preserved in ancient sedimentary rocks provide clues to the nature and timing of the oxygenation of the Earth's atmosphere. Geochemical data suggest that oxygenation proceeded in two broad steps near the beginning and end of the Proterozoic eon (2,500 to 542 million years ago). The oxidation state of the Proterozoic ocean between these two steps and the timing of deep-ocean oxygenation have important implications for the evolutionary course of life on Earth but remain poorly known. Here we present a new perspective on ocean oxygenation based on the authigenic accumulation of the redox-sensitive transition element molybdenum in sulphidic black shales. Accumulation of authigenic molybdenum from sea water is already seen in shales by 2,650 Myr ago; however, the small magnitudes of these enrichments reflect weak or transient sources of dissolved molybdenum before about 2,200 Myr ago, consistent with minimal oxidative weathering of the continents. Enrichments indicative of persistent and vigorous oxidative weathering appear in shales deposited at roughly 2,150 Myr ago, more than 200 million years after the initial rise in atmospheric oxygen. Subsequent expansion of sulphidic conditions after about 1,800 Myr ago (refs 8, 9) maintained a mid-Proterozoic molybdenum reservoir below 20 per cent of the modern inventory, which in turn may have acted as a nutrient feedback limiting the spatiotemporal distribution of euxinic (sulphidic) bottom waters and perhaps the evolutionary and ecological expansion of eukaryotic organisms. By 551 Myr ago, molybdenum contents reflect a greatly expanded oceanic reservoir due to oxygenation of the deep ocean and corresponding decrease in sulphidic conditions in the sediments and water column.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, C -- Lyons, T W -- Bekker, A -- Shen, Y -- Poulton, S W -- Chu, X -- Anbar, A D -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 27;452(7186):456-9. doi: 10.1038/nature06811.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA. cscot002@ucr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; History, Ancient ; Molybdenum/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/*analysis/chemistry ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Sulfides/chemistry ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Managing nitrogen for sustainable development (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-26
    Description: Improvements in nitrogen use efficiency in crop production are critical for addressing the triple challenges of food security, environmental degradation and climate change. Such improvements are conditional not only on technological innovation, but also on socio-economic factors that are at present poorly understood. Here we examine historical patterns of agricultural nitrogen-use efficiency and find a broad range of national approaches to agricultural development and related pollution. We analyse examples of nitrogen use and propose targets, by geographic region and crop type, to meet the 2050 global food demand projected by the Food and Agriculture Organization while also meeting the Sustainable Development Goals pertaining to agriculture recently adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. Furthermore, we discuss socio-economic policies and technological innovations that may help achieve them.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Xin -- Davidson, Eric A -- Mauzerall, Denise L -- Searchinger, Timothy D -- Dumas, Patrice -- Shen, Ye -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 3;528(7580):51-9. doi: 10.1038/nature15743. Epub 2015 Nov 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. ; Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. ; Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland 21532, USA. ; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. ; Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), 75116, Paris, France. ; Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Developpement (CIRED), 94736 Nogent-sur-Marne, France. ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26595273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/economics/standards/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; Crops, Agricultural/economics/*metabolism/supply & distribution ; Ecology ; Environmental Pollution/statistics & numerical data ; Fertilizers/economics/supply & distribution/utilization ; Food Supply ; Gross Domestic Product ; Humans ; Internationality ; Nitrogen/chemistry/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-20
    Description: Higher-order chromatin structure is emerging as an important regulator of gene expression. Although dynamic chromatin structures have been identified in the genome, the full scope of chromatin dynamics during mammalian development and lineage specification remains to be determined. By mapping genome-wide chromatin interactions in human embryonic stem (ES) cells and four human ES-cell-derived lineages, we uncover extensive chromatin reorganization during lineage specification. We observe that although self-associating chromatin domains are stable during differentiation, chromatin interactions both within and between domains change in a striking manner, altering 36% of active and inactive chromosomal compartments throughout the genome. By integrating chromatin interaction maps with haplotype-resolved epigenome and transcriptome data sets, we find widespread allelic bias in gene expression correlated with allele-biased chromatin states of linked promoters and distal enhancers. Our results therefore provide a global view of chromatin dynamics and a resource for studying long-range control of gene expression in distinct human cell lineages.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4515363/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4515363/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dixon, Jesse R -- Jung, Inkyung -- Selvaraj, Siddarth -- Shen, Yin -- Antosiewicz-Bourget, Jessica E -- Lee, Ah Young -- Ye, Zhen -- Kim, Audrey -- Rajagopal, Nisha -- Xie, Wei -- Diao, Yarui -- Liang, Jing -- Zhao, Huimin -- Lobanenkov, Victor V -- Ecker, Joseph R -- Thomson, James A -- Ren, Bing -- R01 ES024984/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007198/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 ES017166/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 19;518(7539):331-6. doi: 10.1038/nature14222.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0653, USA [2] Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0653, USA. ; 1] Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0653, USA [2] Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; The Morgridge Institute for Research, 309 North Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA. ; Tsinghua University-Peking University Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. ; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Twinbrook I NIAID Facility, Room 1417, 5640 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; 1] The Morgridge Institute for Research, 309 North Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA [2] Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA [3] Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. ; 1] Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0653, USA [2] University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0653, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25693564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Allelic Imbalance/genetics ; *Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Lineage/genetics ; Chromatin/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/genetics ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic/*genetics ; Epigenomics ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Humans ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Overflow metabolism in Escherichia coli results from efficient proteome allocation (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-04
    Description: Overflow metabolism refers to the seemingly wasteful strategy in which cells use fermentation instead of the more efficient respiration to generate energy, despite the availability of oxygen. Known as the Warburg effect in the context of cancer growth, this phenomenon occurs ubiquitously for fast-growing cells, including bacteria, fungi and mammalian cells, but its origin has remained unclear despite decades of research. Here we study metabolic overflow in Escherichia coli, and show that it is a global physiological response used to cope with changing proteomic demands of energy biogenesis and biomass synthesis under different growth conditions. A simple model of proteomic resource allocation can quantitatively account for all of the observed behaviours, and accurately predict responses to new perturbations. The key hypothesis of the model, that the proteome cost of energy biogenesis by respiration exceeds that by fermentation, is quantitatively confirmed by direct measurement of protein abundances via quantitative mass spectrometry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Basan, Markus -- Hui, Sheng -- Okano, Hiroyuki -- Zhang, Zhongge -- Shen, Yang -- Williamson, James R -- Hwa, Terence -- R01-GM109069/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 3;528(7580):99-104. doi: 10.1038/nature15765.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0374, USA. ; Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; Institute for Theoretical Studies, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26632588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetic Acid/metabolism ; Biomass ; Cell Respiration ; Energy Metabolism ; Escherichia coli/growth & development/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*metabolism ; Fermentation ; Mass Spectrometry ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Proteome/*metabolism ; Proteomics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Dissemination, divergence and establishment of H7N9 influenza viruses in China (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-13
    Description: Since 2013 the occurrence of human infections by a novel avian H7N9 influenza virus in China has demonstrated the continuing threat posed by zoonotic pathogens. Although the first outbreak wave that was centred on eastern China was seemingly averted, human infections recurred in October 2013 (refs 3-7). It is unclear how the H7N9 virus re-emerged and how it will develop further; potentially it may become a long-term threat to public health. Here we show that H7N9 viruses have spread from eastern to southern China and become persistent in chickens, which has led to the establishment of multiple regionally distinct lineages with different reassortant genotypes. Repeated introductions of viruses from Zhejiang to other provinces and the presence of H7N9 viruses at live poultry markets have fuelled the recurrence of human infections. This rapid expansion of the geographical distribution and genetic diversity of the H7N9 viruses poses a direct challenge to current disease control systems. Our results also suggest that H7N9 viruses have become enzootic in China and may spread beyond the region, following the pattern previously observed with H5N1 and H9N2 influenza viruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk -- Zhou, Boping -- Wang, Jia -- Chai, Yujuan -- Shen, Yongyi -- Chen, Xinchun -- Ma, Chi -- Hong, Wenshan -- Chen, Yin -- Zhang, Yanjun -- Duan, Lian -- Chen, Peiwen -- Jiang, Junfei -- Zhang, Yu -- Li, Lifeng -- Poon, Leo Lit Man -- Webby, Richard J -- Smith, David K -- Leung, Gabriel M -- Peiris, Joseph S M -- Holmes, Edward C -- Guan, Yi -- Zhu, Huachen -- HHSN272201400006C/PHS HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):102-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14348. Epub 2015 Mar 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China [2] Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou 515041, China [3] Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China. ; 1] Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou 515041, China [2] Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong, China. ; Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou 515041, China. ; Key Laboratory of Emergency Detection for Public Health of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China. ; 1] State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China [2] Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou 515041, China. ; 1] State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China [2] Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong, China. ; Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. ; Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong, China. ; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25762140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chickens/*virology ; China/epidemiology ; Ecosystem ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genotype ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/classification/*genetics/*isolation & ; purification ; Influenza in Birds/*epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/transmission/virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics/isolation & purification ; Zoonoses/transmission/virology
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The first measurement of an absolute surface concentration of reaction intermediates in ethylene hydrogenation (1996)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 40 (1996), S. 143-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: absolute surface intermediate concentration ; ethylene hydrogenation ; reaction intermediates in catalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The first measurement of a turnover rate with respect to surface intermediate concentration in a high pressure heterogeneous catalytic reaction is reported. By using infrared-visible sum frequency generation to study the hydrogenation of ethylene on Pt(111), it was found that the surface concentration of π-bonded ethylene, the key reaction intermediate, represented approximately 4% of a monolayer. Thus the absolute turnover rate per surface adsorbed ethylene molecule is 25 times faster than the rate measured per platinum atom. To explain these results, we propose a model of weakly adsorbed ethylene intermediates reacting on atop sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00815274
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On various classes of harmonic maps (1995)
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 64 (1995), S. 353-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01198092
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring surfaces on the molecular level during catalytic reactions at high pressure by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy (1995)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 34 (1995), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: in situ catalysis ; propylene hydrogenation ; STM ; SFG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sum frequency generation (SFG), using non-linear laser optics, detects vibrational spectra of submonolayer amounts of adsorbates with excellent energy and time resolution. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STM) is sensitive to the atomic surface structure; readily imaging defects, steps and kinks as well as stationary adsorbed species. Both of these techniques can be used during reactions at high pressures and temperatures to obtain molecular information in situ. We report studies of propylene hydrogenation over Pt(111) crystal surfaces at atmospheric pressures and 300 K using SFG and STM. Four surface species (2-propyl, π-bonded propylene, di σ-bonded propylene, and propylidyne) were identified; the first two being implicated as reaction intermediates. The platinum surface structure remains unchanged during the reaction, consistent with the structure insensitive nature of olefin hydrogénation. Propylene decomposition induced substantial surface reconstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00808316
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