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  • Springer  (87)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (8)
  • 2015-2019  (23)
  • 2005-2009  (24)
  • 1995-1999  (38)
  • 1980-1984  (10)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-11-25
    Description: This chapter provides an overview of last two decades, European experiences in educational seismology and describes the different contexts in which they have been developed. The basic idea of these educational projects is that Seismology may represent an efficient communication vehicle for teaching a wide range of basic Earth sci-ence topics through laboratory practices and educational activities. Moreover it is also an effective tool to raise in the young citizens the awareness on the earthquake risk and possible mitigation actions. In this frame several seismic stations with different technologies were installed in schools across Europe. The scientific support of re-searchers and the need to establish strong links between teachers and researchers attribute to the school an active role in the knowledge process using the scientific laboratory practice by adopting the “learning by doing” modern approach of science communication (R. Schank and C. Cleary, 1995, Engines for Education, Ed. Routledge, 248 pp). Some educational activities correlated with seismological projects are presented, following different strategies depending on the country, but all aimed at building a new way to communicate science in the schools. The new vogue is the opening toward social networks and blogs. This generalizes the concept of an educational Geoscience website making it an e-platform for science communication and multimedia data sharing, where researchers, teachers, students and education op-erators can interact and constantly be kept informed of ongoing activities and relevant events. All of these 'seismology at school' initiatives rely on the concept of school networking and will merge in the European project NERA (Network of European Research Infrastructures for Earthquake Risk Assessment and Mitigation, http://www.nera-eu.org/) where a spe-cific workpackage is dedicated to networking school seismology programs.
    Description: Published
    Description: 145-170
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: educational seismology ; educational projects ; learning by doing ; science communication ; school seismology ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 3861-3863 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low-frequency magnetohydrodynamic equations including the effects of finite ion Larmor radius are derived. These equations contain all the physical terms necessary to describe kinetic Alfvén waves. Among other applications, these waves are used to interpret ultra-low-frequency wave phenomena in the Earth's magnetosphere. The finite ion Larmor radius effects are usually disregarded; however, under magnetospheric conditions, the ion temperature cannot be considered negligible since Ti≥Te. The finite ion gyroradius is accounted for by the ion stress tensor calculated in this Brief Communication. The nonlinear one-fluid system of equations is shown to adequately describe linear kinetic Alfvén waves in a low-β(β(very-much-less-than)1) homogeneous plasma. It is demonstrated that energy of the plasma system is conserved. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3386-3388 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)/attenuated total reflection (ATR) was used to study the deposition of plasma polymerized methyl methacrylate (PPMMA) film. Real time absorption spectra of PPMMA films were obtained at a time resolution of 20–30 s which is mostly limited by the low optical throughput and low signal-to-noise ratio. Postplasma dynamics observed in the system demonstrate the need for an in situ and real time film diagnostic technique. This letter reports the use of this diagnostic on plasma deposited polymers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 805-811 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a comparative study on the ultrafast nonlinear optical response of a novel conjugated zinc porphyrin system. The linear optical absorption spectra of these molecules all show the Q-band and B-band transitions of the basic porphyrin unit. We have taken spectrally resolved ultrafast pump–probe measurements on monomer, dimer, and polymer solutions, which allows us to compare their excited state dynamics and relate these to their linear optical absorption. The spectra show several common features, but these features have markedly different decay dynamics. The bleaching is preferential in the Q band for the polymer and the B band for the monomer. The polymer Q-band bleaching shows a two-component decay, of approximately 700 fs and 170±50 ps time constants in a biexponential fit, which we attribute to both exciton–exciton annihilation and exciton diffusion to recombination centers on the polymer chain. The Q band of the dimer also has a two-component decay with 13±5 and 1250±70 ps time constants which we attribute to rotational diffusion of the excited molecule in solution, and decay to the ground state, respectively. The B-band bleaching in the monomer is long lived and has a decay constant of approximately 3.5±0.5 ns; from the absorption recovery of the B band we estimate a triplet yield of 0.8. All molecules exhibit broad π*−π* absorptions in the visible spectral region (between the Q band and the B band). In particular, we show that the monomer has potential as a broadband optical limiter in the visible region from 455 (2.72 eV) to 620 nm (2.00 eV); we estimate that its excited state absorption cross section is 8.5 times that of its ground state cross section at 532 nm (2.33 eV). There is also clear evidence of triplet transitions in the dimer and monomer; the triplet absorption feature ranging from 940 (1.32 eV) to 1000 nm (1.24 eV) rises 10 ps after excitation in the dimer which suggests a short intersystem-crossing time. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2072-2073 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this letter, a method is outlined and results presented for an x-ray lithography micromachining process that offers a greatly improved sensitivity over the LIGA process. This process is based on photosensitive polyimide (PPI), which is a commercial photoresist typically used as a passivation layer or dielectric material in the semiconductor industry. The main benefit of this process is its high sensitivity, which is approximately two orders of magnitude greater than that of the PMMA used in the LIGA process. Using a synchrotron radiation x-ray source, we have achieved resist patterns over 1000 μm thick. The capability has also been demonstrated for aspect ratios over 10, as well as the ability to print linewidths down to 0.5 μm. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 238-240 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report measurements of the polarization and time-averaged intensity of four-wave mixing signals from GaAs quantum wells as functions of the pump beam polarizations, laser photon energy, and optical injection density, the latter covering a range of higher levels than has previously been reported. Excitation of heavy-hole excitons produced a sin2 variation of the signal intensity as the pump beam polarizations changed from parallel to perpendicular, while injection of light-hole excitons led to an approximately cos2 dependence. The tuning dependence of the heavy-hole-exciton signal revealed a low-energy signal which is attributed to biexcitons. The dominance of this signal for perpendicular polarization causes the observed sin2 variation of the heavy-hole-exciton signal. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: SCR NOχ ; selective reduction ; Cu‐ZSM‐5 ; Cu–Ag‐ZSM‐5 ; thermal stability ; water tolerance ; cocation effect ; catalyst deactivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of silver on the activity and hydrothermal stability of Cu‐ZSM‐5 for NOχ reduction with C3H8 under oxidizing and wet conditions has been investigated. The addition of silver as a cocation to Cu‐ZSM‐5 catalysts decreases the reversible inhibition by water occurring under catalytic conditions when the temperature does not exceed 773 K. Furthermore, it suppresses the irreversible deactivation observed when the reaction is performed up to 873 K. In effect, the Cu–Ag‐ZSM‐5 solids are more resistant to the dealumination induced by the acids formed by reactions between NO, O2 and H2O than the Cu‐ZSM‐5 ones. The presence of silver provides also an higher hydrothermal stability under an (air + 10 vol% H2O) mixture if the temperature does not exceed 973 K. The catalytic activity and the deactivation behaviour are dependent on the concentration of silver and copper and more especially on the preparation procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Saccostrea echinata (Quoy and Gaimard) were exposed to 10 μg 1-1 of either mercury, cadmium or lead at 30 °C, 36‰S; 30 °C, 20‰S; 20°C, 36‰S and 20°C, 20‰S for 30 d and were then transferred to clean seawater for a further 30 d to depurate. Specimens were removed at regular intervals during the exposure and depuration periods, dissected into gills, mantle, visceral mass and adductor, and analysed for the appropriate metal by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Mercury was concentrated more than the other metals in all tissues under all conditions. Cadmium uptake was greater than lead in all tissue in the high-temperature experiments, whereas both metals were concentrated to similar extents at low temperature. The gill tissue generally accumulated the greatest amount of all 3 metals, whilst the adductor concentrated the least amount. At both salinities, mercury and cadmium accumulation by all tissues was significantly greater at the higher temperature whereas lead uptake was only marginally increased. The accumulation rates of mercury at high temperature were significantly greater in all tissues at low compared with high salinity, whereas at low temperature, differences were not significant. Accumulation rates of cadmium and lead in the majority of tissues examined were significantly greater in lowsalinity water at both temperatures. In general, lead was lost the most rapidly from oyster tissues, followed by mercury and then cadmium. The residence times for mercury and cadmium differed significantly between tissues, with the gills showing the highest turnover rate. In contrast, residence times for lead were similar between tissues. Losses of all 3 metals from oyster tissues were not obviously influenced by temperature and only mercury losses differed significantly between salinities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical model and a two-stage econometric estimation procedure are proposed for determining the parameters of industry-region-specific cost, input-demand, or other functions using grouped data. The model and estimation procedure are appropriate when only marginal totals or averages are available, or when data are classified by both region and industry but many cells are empty or sparsely represented. An application is reported in which load functions for the hourly input of electricity are estimated for each day of the week and each month of the year in each cell of a 31 × 7 industry-region matrix. The use of the model to simulate the sensitivity of electricity demand to regional location and weather variability is illustrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. A theoretical model and a two-stage econometric estimation procedure are proposed for determining the parameters of industry-region-specific cost, input-demand, or other functions using grouped data. The model and estimation procedure are appropriate when only marginal totals or averages are available, or when data are classified by both region and industry but many cells are empty or sparsely represented. An application is reported in which load functions for the hourly input of electricity are estimated for each day of the week and each month of the year in each cell of a 31×7 industry-region matrix. The use of the model to simulate the sensitivity of electricity demand to regional location and weather variability is illustrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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