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  • 2015-2019  (78)
  • 2010-2014  (145)
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  • 1
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    Cardiomyocytes from phorbol myristate acetate-activated mesenchymal stem cells restore electromechanical function in infarcted rat hearts [Medical Sciences] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-05
    Description: Despite the safety and feasibility of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, an optimal cell type has not yet emerged in terms of electromechanical integration in infarcted myocardium. We found that poor to moderate survival benefits of MSC-implanted rats were caused by incomplete electromechanical integration induced by tissue heterogeneity between myocytes and engrafted MSCs in the infarcted myocardium. Here, we report the development of cardiogenic cells from rat MSCs activated by phorbol myristate acetate, a PKC activator, that exhibited high expressions of cardiac-specific markers and Ca2+ homeostasis-related proteins and showed adrenergic receptor signaling by norepinephrine. Histological analysis showed high connexin 43 coupling, few inflammatory cells, and low fibrotic markers in myocardium implanted with these phorbol myristate acetate-activated MSCs. Infarct hearts implanted with these cells exhibited restoration of conduction velocity through decreased tissue heterogeneity and improved myocardial contractility. These findings have major implications for the development of better cell types for electromechanical integration of cell-based treatment for infarcted myocardium.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Stacking dependence of carrier interactions in multilayer graphene systems (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-30
    Description: Author(s): Yunsu Jang, E. H. Hwang, A. H. MacDonald, and Hongki Min We identify qualitative trends in the stacking sequence dependence of carrier-carrier interaction phenomena in multilayer graphene. Our theory is based on an approach which explicitly exhibits the important role in interaction phenomena of the momentum-direction-dependent intersite phases determined… [Phys. Rev. B 92, 041411(R)] Published Wed Jul 29, 2015
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    A process approach to inferences of causation: empirical research from vaccine cases in the USA (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: In law, inferences of causation are sometimes made through a structured process in which multiple participants play various roles, and make decisions concerning various logical components of the overall inference (such as legal rules, policy objectives, presumptions, evidence, burdens of proof and findings of fact). This article illustrates such a process using empirical research into compensation decisions in the USA for injuries allegedly caused by vaccinations. Empirical research into actual legal processes is essential, in order to discover how various players approach their sub-tasks of decision-making. It also provides insights for areas outside of law, such as non-monotonic logic, cognitive science, sociology and artificial intelligence.
    Print ISSN: 1470-8396
    Electronic ISSN: 1470-840X
    Topics: Mathematics , Law
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Transport in two-dimensional modulation-doped semiconductor structures (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-07
    Description: Author(s): S. Das Sarma, E. H. Hwang, S. Kodiyalam, L. N. Pfeiffer, and K. W. West We develop a theory for the maximum achievable mobility in modulation-doped 2D GaAs-AlGaAs semiconductor structures by considering the momentum scattering of the 2D carriers by the remote ionized dopants, which must invariably be present in order to create the 2D electron gas at the GaAs-AlGaAs inte... [Phys. Rev. B 91, 205304] Published Wed May 06, 2015
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Charge transport in gapless electron-hole systems with arbitrary band dispersion (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Author(s): S. Das Sarma and E. H. Hwang Using the semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory, we analytically consider dc charge transport in gapless electron-hole (both chiral and nonchiral) systems in the presence of resistive scattering due to static disorder arising from random quenched impurities in the background. We obtain the depend... [Phys. Rev. B 91, 195104] Published Thu May 07, 2015
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    High calcium cementless fly ash binder with low environmental footprint: Optimum Taguchi design (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Despite the myriad of research efforts on exploiting fly ash as an alternative binder, its current role in industry is largely restricted to the supplementary use, which enables only partial replacement of conventional portland cement. Herein, we propose an unprecedented binder composite with the promising early‐age strength, which is cost‐effective and reduces the CO2 footprint compared with portland cement. The major constituent is fly ash occupying 76.4%‐80.3% by the total mass of the constituents, while calcium oxide, nanosilica, and the minimum amounts of sodium‐based activators are added to induce the early‐age strength development. Optimization of the composition via the Taguchi design of experiments produced the early (7‐day) compressive strength of 16.18 MPa. This value is encouraging considering that it is comparable to that of conventional portland cement and that a cementless composition with the minimum amounts of sodium‐based activators was employed. The extensive materials analysis demonstrates that the starting Ca/Na molar ratio and the amount of nanosilica play instrumental roles in strength development by influencing the formation of key reaction products, which include the sodium‐substituted AFm phase (the U‐phase), katoite and portlandite. Overall, the promising early‐age strength coupled with the significantly decreased amount of sodium‐based chemicals and the reduced CO2 footprint will lay a foundation for development of low‐cost, environmentally friendly binder in diverse industries.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Hydrogenation-induced atomic stripes on the 2H−MoS_{2} surface (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-23
    Description: Author(s): Sang Wook Han, Won Seok Yun, J. D. Lee, Y. H. Hwang, J. Baik, H. J. Shin, Wang G. Lee, Young S. Park, and Kwang S. Kim We report that the hydrogenation of a single crystal 2 H − MoS 2 induces a novel-intermediate phase between 2H and 1T phases on its surface, i.e., the large-area, uniform, robust, and surface array of atomic stripes through the intralayer atomic-plane gliding. The total energy calculations confirm that … [Phys. Rev. B 92, 241303(R)] Published Tue Dec 22, 2015
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 8
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    An integrative somatic mutation analysis to identify pathways linked with survival outcomes across 19 cancer types (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-01
    Description: Motivation: Identification of altered pathways that are clinically relevant across human cancers is a key challenge in cancer genomics. Precise identification and understanding of these altered pathways may provide novel insights into patient stratification, therapeutic strategies and the development of new drugs. However, a challenge remains in accurately identifying pathways altered by somatic mutations across human cancers, due to the diverse mutation spectrum. We developed an innovative approach to integrate somatic mutation data with gene networks and pathways, in order to identify pathways altered by somatic mutations across cancers. Results: We applied our approach to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset of somatic mutations in 4790 cancer patients with 19 different types of tumors. Our analysis identified cancer-type-specific altered pathways enriched with known cancer-relevant genes and targets of currently available drugs. To investigate the clinical significance of these altered pathways, we performed consensus clustering for patient stratification using member genes in the altered pathways coupled with gene expression datasets from 4870 patients from TCGA, and multiple independent cohorts confirmed that the altered pathways could be used to stratify patients into subgroups with significantly different clinical outcomes. Of particular significance, certain patient subpopulations with poor prognosis were identified because they had specific altered pathways for which there are available targeted therapies. These findings could be used to tailor and intensify therapy in these patients, for whom current therapy is suboptimal. Availability and implementation: The code is available at: http://www.taehyunlab.org . Contact: jhcheong@yuhs.ac or taehyun.hwang@utsouthwestern.edu or taehyun.cs@gmail.com Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Atomic-scale quantification of interdiffusion and dopant localization in GeSbTe-based memory devices (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-16
    Description: Fabrication of phase-change memory devices at modest or ambient temperatures leads to nanoscale compositional variations in phase-transition layers, where amorphous-polycrystalline phase change takes place via electrical switching, and can alter the device's performances. Here, by transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography, we address that thermal annealing at 400 °C for 20 min induces an elemental interdiffusion in the devices consisting of TiN (top electrode), carbon-doped GeSbTe (phase-transition layer), and TiSiN (bottom heater). With respect to the employed annealing process, the Ge atoms of GeSbTe layer have diffused into TiSiN layer at a given sample volume, while the Ti atoms of TiSiN layer into GeSbTe layer. Furthermore, non-random nature of dopant distribution in the GeSbTe materials leads to a Ti-localization including dopants at the GeSbTe/TiSiN interfaces. Our findings have two important implications: First, the annealing-driven interdiffusion of Ge and Ti is a predominant mechanism responsible for nanoscale compositional variations in GeSbTe layer; second, such an interdiffusion and the resultant dopant localization play a crucial role on the driving force for amorphous-polycrystalline transition of GeSbTe-based memory devices.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 10
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    Spontaneous and aging-dependent development of arthritis in NADPH oxidase 2 deficiency through altered differentiation of CD11b+ and Th/Treg cells [Immunology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-08
    Description: Emerging evidence indicates that NADPH oxidase (NOX) and its reactive oxygen species (ROS) products modulate a variety of cellular events, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the functions of NOX2 and ROS in immune modulation using NOX2 knockout (KO) mice. Interestingly, NOX2 KO mice spontaneously developed arthritis with onset at 6–7 wk of age and high incidence (60%) at 15–18 wk of age. Arthritis severity in NOX2 KO mice was proportionally increased with age and higher in females than in males. Bone destruction was confirmed by microcomputed tomography scanning and histological analyses of joints. Inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and RANKL, and serum level of anti–type II collagen IgG were significantly increased in NOX2 KO mice. In addition, NOX2 deficiency perturbed the immune system upon aging. NOX2 KO mice demonstrated preferred development of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells with profound production of proinflammatory cytokines and augmented expression of IL-17 through the activation of STAT3 and RORγt in vivo. NOX2 deficiency increased differentiation of effector Th cells in vitro and decreased CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of NOX2-deficient CD4+ T cells into RAG KO mice increased arthritic inflammation compared with WT cells. These results demonstrated that NOX2 deficiency affected the development of CD11b+ myeloid cells and Th17/Treg cells, and thus promoted inflammatory cytokine production and inflammatory arthritis development, strongly supporting a crucial role for ROS generation in the modulation of Th17/Treg cell development and its related inflammatory immune response upon aging.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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