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  • 1
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    U‐PB detrital zircon geochronology of the Lower Danube and Its tributaries : implications for the geology of the Carpathians (2018)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 19 (2018): 3208-3223, doi:10.1029/2018GC007659.
    Description: We performed a detrital zircon (DZ) U‐Pb geochronologic survey of the lower parts of the Danube River approaching its Danube delta, Black Sea sink, and a few large tributaries (Tisza, Jiu, Olt, and Siret) originating in the nearby Carpathian Mountains. Samples are modern sediments. DZ age spectra reflect the geology and specifically the crustal age formation of the source area, which in this case is primarily the Romanian Carpathians and their foreland with contributions from the Balkan Mountains to the south of Danube and the East European Craton. The zircon cargo of these rivers suggests a source area that formed during the latest Proterozoic and mostly into the Cambrian and Ordovician as island arcs and back‐arc basins in a Peri‐Gondwanan subduction setting (~600–440 Ma). The Inner Carpathian units are dominated by a U‐Pb DZ peak in the Ordovician (460–470 Ma) and little inheritance from the nearby continental masses, whereas the Outer Carpathian units and the foreland have two main peaks, one Ediacaran (570–610 Ma) and one in the earliest Permian (290–300 Ma), corresponding to granitic rocks known regionally. A prominent igneous Variscan peak (320–350 Ma) in the Danube's and tributaries DZ zircon record is difficult to explain and points out to either an extra Carpathian source or major unknown gaps in our understanding of Carpathian geology. Younger peaks corresponding to arc magmatism during the Alpine period make up as much as about 10% of the DZ archive, consistent with the magnitude and surface exposure of Mesozoic and Cenozoic arcs.
    Description: Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (UEFISCDI); Romanian Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding Grant Number: PN‐III‐P4‐ID‐PCE‐2016‐0127; U.S. National Science Foundation. Grant Number: EAR 1725002
    Description: 2019-03-14
    Keywords: Danube ; Carpathians ; Detrital zircon ; U‐Pb geochronology ; Continental crust
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Thermochronology of the modern Indus River bedload: New insight into the controls on the marine stratigraphic record (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Tectonics 23 (2004): TC5013, doi:10.1029/2003TC001559.
    Description: The Indus River is the only major drainage in the western Himalaya and delivers a long geological record of continental erosion to the Arabian Sea, which may be deciphered and used to reconstruct orogenic growth if the modern bedload can be related to the mountains. In this study we collected thermochronologic data from river sediment collected near the modern delta. U-Pb ages of zircons spanning 3 Gyr show that only ~5% of the eroding crust has been generated since India-Asia collision. The Greater Himalaya are the major source of zircons, with additional contributions from the Karakoram and Lesser Himalaya. The 39Ar/40Ar dating of muscovites gives ages that cluster between 10 and 25 Ma, differing from those recorded in the Bengal Fan. Biotite ages are generally younger, ranging 0–15 Ma. Modern average exhumation rates are estimated at ~0.6 km/m.y. or less, and have slowed progressively since the early Miocene (~20 Ma), although fission track (FT) dating of apatites may indicate a recent moderate acceleration in rates since the Pliocene (~1.0 km/m.y.) driven by climate change. The 39Ar/40Ar and FT techniques emphasize the dominance of high topography in controlling the erosional flux to the ocean. Localized regions of tectonically driven, very rapid exhumation (e.g., Nanga Parbat, S. Karakoram metamorphic domes) do not dominate the erosional record.
    Description: Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC) is supported by the Scottish Universities and the British National Environmental Research Council (NERC). P. C. wishes to thank the Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI) for partial support of this work.
    Keywords: Himalaya ; Indus River ; Fission track ; Exhumation ; Erosion ; Thermochronology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Detrital U–Pb zircon dating of lower Ordovician syn-arc-continent collision conglomerates in the Irish Caledonides (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2009. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Tectonophysics 479 (2009): 165-174, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.07.018.
    Description: The Early Ordovician Grampian Orogeny in the British Isles represents a classic example of collision between an oceanic island arc and a passive continental margin, starting around 480 Ma. The South Mayo Trough in western Ireland preserves a complete and well-dated sedimentary record of arc collision. We sampled sandstones and conglomerates from the Rosroe, Maumtrasna and Derryveeny Formations in order to assess erosion rates and patterns during and after arc collision. U-Pb dating of zircons reveals a provenance dominated by erosion from the upper levels of the Dalradian Supergroup (Southern Highland and Argyll Groups), with up to 20% influx from the colliding arc into the Rosroe Formation, but only 6% in the Maumtrasna Formation (~465 Ma). The 24 dominant source regions lay to the northeast (e.g. in the vicinity of the Ox Mountains, 50 km distant, along strike). The older portions of the North Mayo Dalradian and its depositional basement (the Annagh Gneiss Complex) do not appear to have been important sources, while the Connemara Dalradian only plays a part after 460 Ma, when it supplies the Derryveeny Formation. By this time all erosion from the arc had effectively ceased and exhumation rates had slowed greatly. The Irish Grampian Orogeny parallels the modern Taiwan collision in showing little role for the colliding arc in the production of sediment. Negligible volumes of arc crust are lost because of erosion during accretion to the continental margin.
    Keywords: Collision ; Erosion ; Zircon ; Caledonides ; Grampian
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 4
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    Monsoon control over erosion patterns in the Western Himalaya: possible feed-back into the tectonic evolution (2010)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 342: 185-218.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-16
    Description: The Indus Delta is constructed of sediment eroded from the western Himalaya and since 20 ka has been subjected to strong variations in monsoon intensity. Provenance changes rapidly at 12-8 ka, although bulk and heavy mineral content remains relatively unchanged. Bulk sediment analyses shows more negative {varepsilon}Nd and higher 87Sr/86Sr values, peaking around 8-9 ka. Apatite fission track ages and biotite Ar-Ar ages show younger grains ages at 8-9 ka compared to at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). At the same time {delta}13C climbs from -23 to -20{per thousand}, suggestive of a shift from terrestrial to more marine organic carbon as Early Holocene sea level rose. U-Pb zircon ages suggest enhanced erosion of the Lesser Himalaya and a relative reduction in erosion from the Transhimalaya and Karakoram since the LGM. The shift in erosion to the south correlates with those regions now affected by the heaviest summer monsoon rains. The focused erosion along the southern edge of Tibet required by current tectonic models for the Greater Himalaya would be impossible to achieve without a strong summer monsoon. Our work supports the idea that although long-term monsoon strengthening is caused by uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, monsoon-driven erosion controls Himalayan tectonic evolution. Supplementary materialA table of the population breakdown for zircons in sands and the predicted Nd isotope composition of sediments based on the zircons compared to the measured whole rock value is available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18412
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  • 5
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    DYNC1H1 mutations associated with neurological diseases compromise processivity of dynein–dynactin–cargo adaptor complexes (2017)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-14
    Description: Mutations in the human DYNC1H1 gene are associated with neurological diseases. DYNC1H1 encodes the heavy chain of cytoplasmic dynein-1, a 1.4-MDa motor complex that traffics organelles, vesicles, and macromolecules toward microtubule minus ends. The effects of the DYNC1H1 mutations on dynein motility, and consequently their links to neuropathology, are not understood. Here, we address this issue using a recombinant expression system for human dynein coupled to single-molecule resolution in vitro motility assays. We functionally characterize 14 DYNC1H1 mutations identified in humans diagnosed with malformations in cortical development (MCD) or spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED), as well as three mutations that cause motor and sensory defects in mice. Two of the human mutations, R1962C and H3822P, strongly interfere with dynein’s core mechanochemical properties. The remaining mutations selectively compromise the processive mode of dynein movement that is activated by binding to the accessory complex dynactin and the cargo adaptor Bicaudal-D2 (BICD2). Mutations with the strongest effects on dynein motility in vitro are associated with MCD. The vast majority of mutations do not affect binding of dynein to dynactin and BICD2 and are therefore expected to result in linkage of cargos to dynein–dynactin complexes that have defective long-range motility. This observation offers an explanation for the dominant effects of DYNC1H1 mutations in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that compromised processivity of cargo–motor assemblies contributes to human neurological disease and provide insight into the influence of different regions of the heavy chain on dynein motility.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Reduction of leakage current in In0.53Ga0.47As channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors using AlAs0.56Sb0.44 confinement layers (2013)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-11
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 7
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    Validated predictive modelling of the environmental resistome (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-20
    Description: Validated predictive modelling of the environmental resistome The ISME Journal 9, 1467 (June 2015). doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.237 Authors: Gregory CA Amos, Emma Gozzard, Charlotte E Carter, Andrew Mead, Mike J Bowes, Peter M Hawkey, Lihong Zhang, Andrew C Singer, William H Gaze & Elizabeth M H Wellington
    Print ISSN: 1751-7362
    Electronic ISSN: 1751-7370
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature on behalf of The International Society for Microbial Ecology (ISME).
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  • 8
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    Prediction of Soai Reaction Enantioselectivity Induced by Crystals of N-(2-Thienylcarbonyl)glycine (2012)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-13
    Description: Crystal Growth & Design DOI: 10.1021/cg300207d
    Print ISSN: 1528-7483
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-7505
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 9
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    Modeling the magnetospheric X-ray emission from solar wind charge exchange with verification from XMM-Newton observations (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: An MHD based model of terrestrial solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) is created and compared to 19 case study observations in the 0.5-0.7 keV emission band taken from the EPIC cameras onboard XMM-Newton. This model incorporates the GUMICS-4 MHD code and produces an X-ray emission datacube from O 7+ and O 8+ emission lines around the Earth using in-situ solar wind parameters as the model input. This study details the modeling process and shows that fixing the oxygen abundances to a constant value reduces the variance when comparing to the observations, at the cost of a small accuracy decrease in some cases. Using the ACE oxygen data returns a wide ranging accuracy, providing excellent correlation in a few cases and poor/anti correlation in others. The sources of error for any user wishing to simulate terrestrial SWCX using an MHD model are described here and include mask position, hydrogen to oxygen ratio in the solar wind and charge state abundances. A dawn-dusk asymmetry is also found, similar to the results of empirical modeling. Using constant oxygen parameters, magnitudes approximately double that of the observed count rates are returned. A high accuracy is determined between the model and observations when comparing the count rate difference between enhanced SWCX and quiescent periods.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    The exhumation of the western Greater Caucasus: a thermochronometric study (2011)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-01
    Description: This study provides 39 new thermochronometric analyses from the western part of the Greater Caucasus, a region in which existing data are extremely limited and of questionable quality. The new results are consistent with field studies that identify Triassic to Middle Jurassic (Cimmerian) and Oligo-Miocene (Alpine) orogenic erosional events. An inverse relationship between the fission track and depositional ages of Oligo-Miocene sedimentary samples also implies some degree of Eocene erosion of the Greater Caucasus and intermediate sediment storage. Cooling ages and field relationships within the core of the range, west of Mt Elbrus, require ~5 km of Permo-Triassic exhumation and restrict the overall amount of Cenozoic exhumation to ~2.5 km. Current exhumation rates are typically low, and do not support a Plio-Pleistocene increase in climate-driven denudation. High (~1 km Ma-1) rates of exhumation are restricted to the southern flank of the range in northwest Georgia. Despite a general lack of significant seismicity within the study region, this exhumation peak is close to the largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in the Caucasus (Ms = 7.0). This may suggest that exhumation is associated with the decoupling of the sedimentary succession from its crystalline basement in the southern part of the range and the inversion of the largely Jurassic fill of the Greater Caucasus basin. Rates of exhumation are compatible with this being driven by active shortening. Further sampling and analysis are required to provide a higher-resolution, low-temperature thermochronology of Alpine exhumation, to isolate the drivers for Palaeogene Dziruli Massif cooling and uplift, and to constrain better the extent of the current, localized phase of rapid exhumation.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7568
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5081
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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