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  • Springer Nature  (20)
  • Wiley  (15)
  • Geological Society of America  (10)
  • Oxford University Press  (9)
  • 2015-2019  (20)
  • 2010-2014  (22)
  • 1970-1974  (12)
  • 1
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    Soil pH, Excess Lime, and Chelating Agent on Micronutrients in Soybeans and Bush Beans 1 (1974)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1974-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0645
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Effect of High Levels of Nitrilotriacetate on Metal Uptake by Plants Grown in Soil 1 (1974)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1974-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0645
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Coincidence of a high-fluence blazar outburst with a PeV-energy neutrino event (2016)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-03
    Description: Nature Physics 12, 807 (2016). doi:10.1038/nphys3715 Authors: M. Kadler, F. Krauß, K. Mannheim, R. Ojha, C. Müller, R. Schulz, G. Anton, W. Baumgartner, T. Beuchert, S. Buson, B. Carpenter, T. Eberl, P. G. Edwards, D. Eisenacher Glawion, D. Elsässer, N. Gehrels, C. Gräfe, S. Gulyaev, H. Hase, S. Horiuchi, C. W. James, A. Kappes, A. Kappes, U. Katz, A. Kreikenbohm, M. Kreter, I. Kreykenbohm, M. Langejahn, K. Leiter, E. Litzinger, F. Longo, J. E. J. Lovell, J. McEnery, T. Natusch, C. Phillips, C. Plötz, J. Quick, E. Ros, F. W. Stecker, T. Steinbring, J. Stevens, D. J. Thompson, J. Trüstedt, A. K. Tzioumis, S. Weston, J. Wilms & J. A. Zensus
    Print ISSN: 1745-2473
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-2481
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
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    Evolution Along the Mutation Gradient in the Dynamic Mitochondrial Genome of Salamanders (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-20
    Description: Mitochondria are intracellular organelles where oxidative phosphorylation is carried out to complete ATP synthesis. Mitochondria have their own genome; in metazoans, this is a small, circular molecule encoding 13 electron transport proteins, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs. In invertebrates, mitochondrial gene rearrangement is common, and it is correlated with increased substitution rates. In vertebrates, mitochondrial gene rearrangement is rare, and its relationship to substitution rate remains unexplored. Mitochondrial genes can also show spatial variation in substitution rates around the genome due to the mechanism of mtDNA replication, which produces a mutation gradient. To date, however, the strength of the mutation gradient and whether movement along the gradient in rearranged (or otherwise modified) genomes impacts genic substitution rates remain unexplored in the majority of vertebrates. Salamanders include both normal mitochondrial genomes and independently derived rearrangements and expansions, providing a rare opportunity to test the effects of large-scale changes to genome architecture on vertebrate mitochondrial gene sequence evolution. We show that: 1) rearranged/expanded genomes have higher substitution rates; 2) most genes in rearranged/expanded genomes maintain their position along the mutation gradient, substitution rates of the genes that do move are unaffected by their new position, and the gradient in salamanders is weak; and 3) genomic rearrangements/expansions occur independent of levels of selective constraint on genes. Together, our results demonstrate that large-scale changes to genome architecture impact mitochondrial gene evolution in predictable ways; however, despite these impacts, the same functional constraints act on mitochondrial protein-coding genes in both modified and normal genomes.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    A new fungal large subunit ribosomal RNA primer for high-throughput sequencing surveys (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-31
    Description: The inclusion of phylogenetic metrics in community ecology has provided insights into important ecological processes, particularly when combined with high-throughput sequencing methods; however, these approaches have not been widely used in studies of fungal communities relative to other microbial groups. Two obstacles have been considered: (1) the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region has limited utility for constructing phylogenies and (2) most PCR primers that target the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal unit generate amplicons that exceed current limits of high-throughput sequencing platforms. We designed and tested a PCR primer (LR22R) to target approximately 300–400 bp region of the D2 hypervariable region of the fungal LSU for use with the Illumina MiSeq platform. Both in silico and empirical analyses showed that the LR22R–LR3 pair captured a broad range of fungal taxonomic groups with a small fraction of non-fungal groups. Phylogenetic placement of publically available LSU D2 sequences showed broad agreement with taxonomic classification. Comparisons of the LSU D2 and the ITS2 ribosomal regions from environmental samples and known communities showed similar discriminatory abilities of the two primer sets. Together, these findings show that the LR22R–LR3 primer pair has utility for phylogenetic analyses of fungal communities using high-throughput sequencing methods.
    Print ISSN: 0168-6496
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6941
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Analysis and Observation of Spacecraft Plume/Ionosphere Interactions during Maneuvers of the Space Shuttle (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-13
    Description: This work employs in situ measurement data and constructive simulations to examine the underlying physical mechanisms that drive spacecraft plume interactions with the space environment in low Earth orbit. The study centers on observations ofthe enhanced flux of plasma generated during a maneuver of Space Shuttle Endeavour as part of the Sensor Test for Orion Relative Navigation Risk Mitigation (STORRM) experiment in May 2011. The Canary electrostatic analyzer (ESA) instrument mounted on the port-side truss of the International Space Station (ISS) indicated an elevated ion current during the shuttle maneuver. The apparent source of enhanced ion current is a result of interaction of the spacecraft thruster plume with the rarefied ambient ionosphere, which generates regions of relatively high-density plasma through charge exchange between the neutral plume and ambient ions. To reconstruct this event, unsteady simulation data were generated using a combined direct simulation Monte Carlo/Particle in Cell methodology, which employed detailed charge-exchange cross section data and a magnetic field model. The simulation provides local plasma characteristics at the ESA sensor location, and a sensor model is subsequently used to transform the local properties into a prediction of measured ion current. The predicted and observed total current are presented as a function of time over a 30 second period of pulsed thruster firings. A strong correlation is observed in the temporal characteristics of the simulated and measured total current, and good agreement is also achieved in the total current predicted by the model. These results support conclusions that: (1) the enhanced flux of plasma observed by the ESA instrument is associated with Space Shuttle thruster firings, and (2) the simulation model captures the essential features of the plume interactions based on the observation data.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Hellbender Genome Sequences Shed Light on Genomic Expansion at the Base of Crown Salamanders (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-19
    Description: Among animals, genome sizes range from 20 Mb to 130 Gb, with 380-fold variation across vertebrates. Most of the largest vertebrate genomes are found in salamanders, an amphibian clade of 660 species. Thus, salamanders are an important system for studying causes and consequences of genomic gigantism. Previously, we showed that plethodontid salamander genomes accumulate higher levels of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons than do other vertebrates, although the evolutionary origins of such sequences remained unexplored. We also showed that some salamanders in the family Plethodontidae have relatively slow rates of DNA loss through small insertions and deletions. Here, we present new data from Cryptobranchus alleganiensis , the hellbender. Cryptobranchus and Plethodontidae span the basal phylogenetic split within salamanders; thus, analyses incorporating these taxa can shed light on the genome of the ancestral crown salamander lineage, which underwent expansion. We show that high levels of LTR retrotransposons likely characterize all crown salamanders, suggesting that disproportionate expansion of this transposable element (TE) class contributed to genomic expansion. Phylogenetic and age distribution analyses of salamander LTR retrotransposons indicate that salamanders’ high TE levels reflect persistence and diversification of ancestral TEs rather than horizontal transfer events. Finally, we show that relatively slow DNA loss rates through small indels likely characterize all crown salamanders, suggesting that a decreased DNA loss rate contributed to genomic expansion at the clade’s base. Our identification of shared genomic features across phylogenetically distant salamanders is a first step toward identifying the evolutionary processes underlying accumulation and persistence of high levels of repetitive sequence in salamander genomes.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Nanoscale spin reversal by non-local angular momentum transfer following ultrafast laser excitation in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-21
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 293 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3597 Authors: C. E. Graves, A. H. Reid, T. Wang, B. Wu, S. de Jong, K. Vahaplar, I. Radu, D. P. Bernstein, M. Messerschmidt, L. Müller, R. Coffee, M. Bionta, S. W. Epp, R. Hartmann, N. Kimmel, G. Hauser, A. Hartmann, P. Holl, H. Gorke, J. H. Mentink, A. Tsukamoto, A. Fognini, J. J. Turner, W. F. Schlotter, D. Rolles, H. Soltau, L. Strüder, Y. Acremann, A. V. Kimel, A. Kirilyuk, Th. Rasing, J. Stöhr, A. O. Scherz & H. A. Dürr Ultrafast laser techniques have revealed extraordinary spin dynamics in magnetic materials that equilibrium descriptions of magnetism cannot explain. Particularly important for future applications is understanding non-equilibrium spin dynamics following laser excitation on the nanoscale, yet the limited spatial resolution of optical laser techniques has impeded such nanoscale studies. Here we present ultrafast diffraction experiments with an X-ray laser that probes the nanoscale spin dynamics following optical laser excitation in the ferrimagnetic alloy GdFeCo, which exhibits macroscopic all-optical switching. Our study reveals that GdFeCo displays nanoscale chemical and magnetic inhomogeneities that affect the spin dynamics. In particular, we observe Gd spin reversal in Gd-rich nanoregions within the first picosecond driven by the non-local transfer of angular momentum from larger adjacent Fe-rich nanoregions. These results suggest that a magnetic material’s microstructure can be engineered to control transient laser-excited spins, potentially allowing faster (~ 1 ps) spin reversal than in present technologies.
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 9
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    Slow DNA Loss in the Gigantic Genomes of Salamanders (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-29
    Description: Evolutionary changes in genome size result from the combined effects of mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift. Insertion and deletion mutations (indels) directly impact genome size by adding or removing sequences. Most species lose more DNA through small indels (i.e., ~1–30 bp) than they gain, which can result in genome reduction over time. Because this rate of DNA loss varies across species, small indel dynamics have been suggested to contribute to genome size evolution. Species with extremely large genomes provide interesting test cases for exploring the link between small indels and genome size; however, most large genomes remain relatively unexplored. Here, we examine rates of DNA loss in the tetrapods with the largest genomes—the salamanders. We used low-coverage genomic shotgun sequence data from four salamander species to examine patterns of insertion, deletion, and substitution in neutrally evolving non-long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon sequences. For comparison, we estimated genome-wide DNA loss rates in non-LTR retrotransposon sequences from five other vertebrate genomes: Anolis carolinensis , Danio rerio , Gallus gallus , Homo sapiens , and Xenopus tropicalis . Our results show that salamanders have significantly lower rates of DNA loss than do other vertebrates. More specifically, salamanders experience lower numbers of deletions relative to insertions, and both deletions and insertions are skewed toward smaller sizes. On the basis of these patterns, we conclude that slow DNA loss contributes to genomic gigantism in salamanders. We also identify candidate molecular mechanisms underlying these differences and suggest that natural variation in indel dynamics provides a unique opportunity to study the basis of genome stability.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Two N-terminally truncated variants of human {beta}-galactoside {alpha}2,6 sialyltransferase I with distinct properties for in vitro protein glycosylation (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-20
    Description: Sialic acid groups of protein N -glycans are important determinants of biological activity. Exposed at the end of the glycan chain, they are potential targets for glycan remodeling. Sialyltransferases (STs; EC 2.4.99) are the enzymes that catalyze the sialic acid transfer from a CMP-activated donor on to a carbohydrate acceptor in vivo. Recombinant expression of the full-length human β-galactoside α2,6 sialyltransferase I (ST6Gal-I) was hampered and therefore variants with truncated N-termini were investigated. We report on the distinct properties of two N-terminally truncated versions of ST6Gal-I, namely 89ST6Gal-I and 108ST6Gal-I, which were successfully expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. The different properties of these enzymes result most probably from the loss of interactions from helix α1 in the 108ST6Gal-I variant, which plays a role in acceptor substrate binding. The K m for N -acetyl- d -lactosamine was 10-fold increased for 108ST6Gal-I (84 mM) as compared to 89ST6Gal-I (8.3 mM). The two enzyme variants constitute a suitable tool box for the terminal modification of N -glycans. While the enzyme 89ST6Gal-I exhibited both ST (di-sialylation) and sialidase activity on a monoclonal antibody, the enzyme 108ST6Gal-I showed only ST activity with specificity for mono-sialylation.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6658
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2423
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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