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Common variants upstream of KDR encoding VEGFR2 and in TTC39B associate with endometriosis (2016)

Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir; Gudmar Thorleifsson; Kristrun Aradottir; Bjarke Feenstra; Asgeir Sigurdsson; Lilja Stefansdottir; Anna M. Kristinsdottir; Florian Zink; Gisli H. Halldorsson; Nete Munk Nielsen; Frank Geller; Mads Melbye; Daniel F. Gudbjartsson; Reynir T. Geirsson; Unnur Thorsteinsdottir; Kari Stefansson

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2016-07-27

Beschreibung: Article Endometriosis is a common gynaecological disease but the underlying pathogenesis is poorly understood, however there is a strong familial component. Here the authors conduct a genome wide association study and identify a novel susceptibility locus that correlates with disease severity. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms12350 Authors: Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Kristrun Aradottir, Bjarke Feenstra, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Lilja Stefansdottir, Anna M. Kristinsdottir, Florian Zink, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Nete Munk Nielsen, Frank Geller, Mads Melbye, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Reynir T. Geirsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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Impact of meat and Lower Palaeolithic food processing techniques on chewing in humans (2016)

Katherine D. Zink; Daniel E. Lieberman

Springer Nature

In: Nature

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Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-24

Beschreibung: Impact of meat and Lower Palaeolithic food processing techniques on chewing in humans Nature 531, 7595 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature16990 Authors: Katherine D. Zink & Daniel E. Lieberman The origins of the genus Homo are murky, but by H. erectus, bigger brains and bodies had evolved that, along with larger foraging ranges, would have increased the daily energetic requirements of hominins. Yet H. erectus differs from earlier hominins in having relatively smaller teeth, reduced chewing muscles, weaker maximum bite force capabilities, and a relatively smaller gut. This paradoxical combination of increased energy demands along with decreased masticatory and digestive capacities is hypothesized to have been made possible by adding meat to the diet, by mechanically processing food using stone tools, or by cooking. Cooking, however, was apparently uncommon until 500,000 years ago, and the effects of carnivory and Palaeolithic processing techniques on mastication are unknown. Here we report experiments that tested how Lower Palaeolithic processing technologies affect chewing force production and efficacy in humans consuming meat and underground storage organs (USOs). We find that if meat comprised one-third of the diet, the number of chewing cycles per year would have declined by nearly 2 million (a 13% reduction) and total masticatory force required would have declined by 15%. Furthermore, by simply slicing meat and pounding USOs, hominins would have improved their ability to chew meat into smaller particles by 41%, reduced the number of chews per year by another 5%, and decreased masticatory force requirements by an additional 12%. Although cooking has important benefits, it appears that selection for smaller masticatory features in Homo would have been initially made possible by the combination of using stone tools and eating meat.

Print ISSN: 0028-0836

Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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New basal cell carcinoma susceptibility loci (2015)

Simon N. Stacey; Hannes Helgason; Sigurjon A. Gudjonsson; Gudmar Thorleifsson; Florian Zink; Asgeir Sigurdsson; Birte Kehr; Julius Gudmundsson; Patrick Sulem; Bardur Sigurgeirsson; Kristrun R. Benediktsdottir; Kristin Thorisdottir; Rafn Ragnarsson; Victoria Fuentelsaz; Cristina Corredera; Yolanda Gilaberte; Matilde Grasa; Dolores Planelles; Onofre Sanmartin; Peter Rudnai; Eugene Gurzau; Kvetoslava Koppova; Bjørn A. NexøAnne Tjønneland; Kim Overvad; Jon G. Jonasson; Laufey Tryggvadottir; Hrefna Johannsdottir; Anna M. Kristinsdottir; Hreinn Stefansson; Gisli Masson; Olafur T. Magnusson; Bjarni V. Halldorsson; Augustine Kong; Thorunn Rafnar; Unnur Thorsteinsdottir; Ulla Vogel; Rajiv Kumar; Eduardo Nagore; José I. Mayordomo; Daniel F. Gudbjartsson; Jon H. Olafsson; Kari Stefansson

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-11

Beschreibung: Article Basal cell carcinoma is a common cancer among people of European ancestry, with associated high economic costs to monitor and treat. Here Stacey et al. conduct a genome-wide association study on Icelandic and other European populations, identifying four novel loci associated with cancer susceptibility. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms7825 Authors: Simon N. Stacey, Hannes Helgason, Sigurjon A. Gudjonsson, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Florian Zink, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Birte Kehr, Julius Gudmundsson, Patrick Sulem, Bardur Sigurgeirsson, Kristrun R. Benediktsdottir, Kristin Thorisdottir, Rafn Ragnarsson, Victoria Fuentelsaz, Cristina Corredera, Yolanda Gilaberte, Matilde Grasa, Dolores Planelles, Onofre Sanmartin, Peter Rudnai, Eugene Gurzau, Kvetoslava Koppova, Bjørn A. Nexø, Anne Tjønneland, Kim Overvad, Jon G. Jonasson, Laufey Tryggvadottir, Hrefna Johannsdottir, Anna M. Kristinsdottir, Hreinn Stefansson, Gisli Masson, Olafur T. Magnusson, Bjarni V. Halldorsson, Augustine Kong, Thorunn Rafnar, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Ulla Vogel, Rajiv Kumar, Eduardo Nagore, José I. Mayordomo, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Jon H. Olafsson, Kari Stefansson

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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On the potentially dramatic history of the super-Earth {rho} 55 Cancri e (2015)

Hansen, B. M. S., Zink, J.

Oxford University Press

In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-24

Beschreibung: We demonstrate that tidal evolution of the inner planet (‘e’) of the system orbiting the star 55 Cancri could have led to passage through two secular resonances with other planets in the system. The consequence of this evolution is excitation of both the planetary eccentricity and inclination relative to the original orbital plane. The large mass ratio between the innermost planet and the others means that these excitations can be of substantial amplitude and can have dramatic consequences for the system organization. Such evolution can potentially explain the large observed mutual inclination between the innermost and outermost planets in the system, and implies that tidal heating could have substantially modified the structure of planet e, and possibly reduced its mass by Roche lobe overflow. Similar inner secular resonances may be found in many multiple planet systems and suggest that many of the innermost planets in these systems could have suffered similar evolutions.

Print ISSN: 0035-8711

Digitale ISSN: 1365-2966

Thema: Physik

Publiziert von Oxford University Press

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Whole mitochondrial DNA sequencing in Alpine populations and the genetic history of the Neolithic Tyrolean Iceman (2016)

V. Coia; G. Cipollini; P. Anagnostou; F. Maixner; C. Battaggia; F. Brisighelli; A Gómez-Carballa; G. Destro Bisol; A. Salas; A. Zink

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-15

Beschreibung: Whole mitochondrial DNA sequencing in Alpine populations and the genetic history of the Neolithic Tyrolean Iceman Scientific Reports, Published online: 14 January 2016; doi:10.1038/srep18932

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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