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  • Articles  (12)
  • Rhizobium  (12)
  • 2015-2019
  • 2010-2014
  • 1990-1994  (12)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (12)
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  • Articles  (12)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative salinity tolerance of symbiotically dependent and nitrogen-fed pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and its wild relative Atylosia platycarpa (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 10 (1990), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Atylosia platycarpa ; Cajanus cajan ; Pigeonpea ; N2 fixation ; Rhizobium ; Salinity stress ; Acetylene reduction assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Once symbiosis between the pigeonpea cultivar ICPL 227 and the Rhizobium sp. strain IC 3024 is established, it is efficient in fixing N2 under saline conditions and can support growth comparable to N-fed plants in growth media with up to 6 dS m-1 salinity. However, the early stages of establishment of the pigeonpea-IC 3024 symbiotic system have proved sensitive to salinity. The present study showed that the number of nodules was markedly reduced at 8 dS m-1 salinity; however, nodule development and functioning were not affected by salinity in the pigeonpea-IC 3024 symbiosis. The symbiotic system of Atylosia platycarpa and Rhizobium sp. strain IC 3087 was established successfully even at 12 dS m-1 and supported growth comparable to that of N-fed plants. P levels in leaves were increased under saline conditions in N-fed and N2-fixing pigeonpea and A. platycarpa. There were no consistent differences in the leaf Na and chloride levels between N-fed and N2-fixing plants of pigeonpea and A. platycarpa. The present study suggests that the rhizobial symbiosis may not be a necessary factor for initial screening of pigeonpea and related wild species for salinity tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336118
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population densities of clover rhizobia in Texas pastures and response to liming (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 45-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Rhizobium ; Trifolium ; Population density ; Soil acidity ; Liming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Clovers are widely used forage legumes on acidic soils in Texas and need inoculation with appropriate rhizobia when first introduced. Acidic soils are not conducive to survival of clover rhizobia. A survey of pastures was undertaken to determine the number of rhizobia present. The effect of liming acidic soils on the survival of clover rhizobia was also evaluated in the laboratory. The number of clover rhizobia was more than 100 cells g-1 soil in 70% of the pastures surveyed but populations within pastures varied by more than two orders of magnitude. The number of years of clover production beyond 1 year did not affect the rhizobial population density. The soil pH of twelve samples was below 5.0 and six samples had populations of rhizobial lower than 100 g-1 soil. Eleven out of sixteen samples from fields that had grown clover and had pH values above 6.0 had populations exceeding 1000 g-1 soil and only three samples had populations lower than 100 g-1 soil. Incubating indigenous or inoculated rhizobia in well-mixed soils having pH values of 5.1 or below resulted in populations declining to below 10 g-1 soil in 6 weeks. Mixing of soils with pH values of up to 5.4 induced reduction of rhizobial numbers, possibly by destroying microsites. Liming of soils to increase pH values above 5.5 improved survival of native or inoculated rhizobia in most cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336287
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemotaxis, induced gene expression and competitiveness in the rhizosphere (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 129 (1990), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: chemoattractants ; luteolin ; nod gene ; nodulation ; phenolics ; Rhizobium ; symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Rhizobia are soil bacteria which symbiotically infect legume roots and generate nodules in which they fix atmospheric nitrogen for the plant in exchange for photosynthetically fixed carbon. A crucial aspect of signal exchange between these symbionts is the secretion of phenolic compounds by the host root which induce nodulation gene expression in the bacteria. Stimulation of nod gene expression by host phenolics is required for nodule formation, is biochemically specific at 10-6 M, and is mediated by nodD. We and others have shown that rhizobia display chemotaxis to 10-9 M of the same phenolic compounds. Chemotaxis to inducer phenolics is selectively reduced or abolished by mutations in certain nod genes governing nodulation efficiency or host specificity. Conversely, mutations in rhizobia that affect general motility or chemotaxis have substantial effects on nodulation efficiency and competitiveness. These findings suggest that microbes entering the rhizosphere environment may utilize minor, non-nutrient components in root exudates as signals to guide their movement towards the root surface and elicit changes in gene expression appropriate to this environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011690
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth responses of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal tropical forage species to different levels of soil phosphate (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 132 (1991), S. 253-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Glomus manihotis ; phosphate ; Rhizobium ; sterile oxisol ; tropical forage plants ; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three tropical forage legumes, Stylosanthes capitata, Pueraria phaseoloides and Centrosema macrocarpum, and one grass, Brachiaria dictyoneura, were grown in a sterile phosphate deficient soil amended with soluble or rock phosphate at rates ranging from 0 to 400 mg kg-1 soil. The effects of inoculation with Glomus manihotis on mycorrhizal infection and plant growth were assessed. Early growth and nodulation of P. phaseoloides in soil with and without rock phosphate fertilizer were also determined. In the legumes, mycorrhizal infection was high at all P levels and sources, except for a significant decrease of infection in S. capitata at high levels of superphosphate. Plant growth was significantly increased by phosphate fertilizer and mycorrhizal inoculation. Mycorrhizal responses were more pronounced at low P levels with both P sources. In B. dictyoneura mycorrhizal infection was decreased with increasing additions of P. No effects of mycorrhizal inoculation (except with no added P) were observed. Growth and nodulation of P. phaseoloides were greatly stimulated by mycorrhizal inoculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010406
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of NO3 on N2 fixation and nitrogenous solutes of xylem in two nodulated West African geocarpic legumes, Kersting's bean (Macrotyloma geocarpum L.) and Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 140 (1992), S. 255-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: effect of combined N ; geocarpic legumes ; nitrogen fixation ; Rhizobium ; root nodule ; ureide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nodulation, nitrogen (N2) fixation and xylem sap composition were examined in sand cultured plants of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) and Kersting's bean (Macrotyloma geocarpum L.) inoculated with Bradyrhizobium strain CB756 and supplied via the roots for a 4 week period from the third week onwards with different levels of (15N)-nitrate (0–15 mM). The separate contributions of nitrate and N2 to plant nitrogen were measured by isotope dilution. Increasing levels of nitrate inhibited nodule growth (measured as dry matter or nodule N) of both species parallel with decreased dependence on symbiotically-fixed N. Specific nodule activity (N2 fixed g nodule dry−1 d−1 of nodules) was reduced progressively with time in V. subterranea at higher (5 or 15 mM) levels of NO3, but this was not so for M. geocarpum. Root xylem bleeding sap of both species showed ureides (allantoin and allantoic acid) as predominant (〉90%) solutes of nitrogen when plants were relying solely on atmospheric N. Levels of ureide and glutamine decreased and those of asparagine and nitrate in xylem increased with increasing level of applied nitrate. Relative levels of xylem ureide-N were positively correlated (R2=0.842 for M. geocarpum and 0.556 for V. subterranea), and the ratio of asparagine to glutamine in xylem exudate negatively correlated (R2=0.955 for M. geocarpum and 0.736 for V. subterranea) with plant reliance on nitrogen fixation. The data indicate that xylem sap analyses might be useful for indirect field assays of nitrogen fixation by the species and that Kersting's bean might offer some potential as a symbiosis in which N2 fixation is relatively tolerant of soil N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010602
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection of Rhizobium leguminosarum strains for lentil (Lens culinaris) under growth room and field conditions (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 121 (1990), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: acetylene reduction ; grain yield ; N difference ; N2 fixation ; 15N-isotope dilution ; nodule ; Rhizobium ; selection parameters ; total N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Most of the production of lentil (Lens culinaris) on the Great Plains occurs on soils that are free of indigenous Rhizobium leguminosarum. Inoculation is required to increase yields through N2 fixation. A screening program to evaluate the effectiveness of R. leguminosarum strains for lentil was initially carried out under controlled environments followed by an evaluation under field conditions. In two separate growth room experiments, the effectiveness of 185 and 24 different strains of R. leguminosarum were tested for Laird and Eston lentil. Significant differences between strains in number of nodules, shoot weight and nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction activity, ARA) were found for lentil grown for 5 weeks. When lentil were grown for 7 weeks, significant differences between strains in number of nodules, total plant weight, total N, and % N were observed. Fourteen strains plus Nitragin ‘C’ inoculant were selected for further field testing on Eston and Laird lentil at two locations in 1986 and one site in 1987. Inoculation increased yield up to 135%. Percent Ndfa and total N2 fixed ranged from 0 to 76 and 0 to 105 kg ha-1, respectively. N2-fixing activity was site specific and higher spring soil NO3-levels resulted in lower N2-fixing activity. Depending on site and growing conditions, strains 99A1 and I-ICAR-SYR-Le20 appeared to be superior to the other strains tested. A good agreement was found between the estimates for N2 fixation based upon the 15N-isotope dilution and the classical N difference methods. Number of nodules, dry weight of nodules and ARA of Eston and Laird lentil grown under growth room conditions failed to show positive correlations with total dry matter production, total N or total N2 fixed of field grown lentil. However, total plant weight and total N of lentil grown under growth room conditions were highly correlated with field parameters, and were the most reliable screening parameters for the selection of superior rhizobial strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00013096
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid identification ofRhizobium species based on cellular fatty acid analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 161 (1994), S. 31-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: FAME ; fatty acid analysis ; rapid identification ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract As understanding of the evolutionary relationships between strains and species of root nodule bacteria increases the need for a rapid identification method that correlates well with phylogenetic relationships is clear. We have examined 123 strains ofRhizobium: R. fredii (19),R. galegae (20),R. leguminosarum (22),R. loti (17),R. meliloti (21), andR. tropici (18) and six unknowns. All strains were grown on modified tryptone yeast-extract (TY) agar, as log phase cultures, scraped from the agar, lysed, and the released fatty acids derivatized to their corresponding methyl esters. The methyl esters were analysed by gas-chromatography using the MIDI/Hewlett-Packard Microbial Identification System. All species studied contained 16:0, 17:0, 18:0 and 19cyclow9C fatty acids but onlyR loti andR tropici produced 12:0 3 OH,13:0 iso 3 OH,18:1w9C and 15:0 iso 3 OH,17:0 iso 3 OH and 20:2w6,9C fatty acids respectively. Principal component analysis was used to show that strains could be divided into clusters corresponding to the six species. Fatty acid profiles for each species were developed and these correctly identified at least 95% of the strains belonging to each species. A dendrogram is presented showing the relationships betweenRhizobium species based on fatty acid composition. The data base was used to identify unknown soil isolates as strains ofRhizobium lacking a symbiotic plasmid and a bacterium capable of expressing a symbiotic plasmid fromR. leguminosarum asSphingobacterium spiritovorum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183083
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection ofRhizobium leguminosarum strains for lentil (Lens culinaris) under growth room and field conditions (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 122 (1990), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: acetylene reduction ; grain yield ; N difference ; N2 fixation ; 15N-isotope dilution ; nodule ; Rhizobium ; selection parameters ; total N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Most of the production of lentil (Lens culinaris) on the Great Plains occurs on soils that are free of indigenousRhizobium leguminosarum. Inoculation is required to increase yields through N2 fixation. A screening program to evaluate the effectiveness ofR. leguminosarum strains for lentil was initially carried out under controlled environments followed by an evaluation under field conditions. In two separate growth room experiments, the effectiveness of 185 and 24 different strains ofR. leguminosarum were tested for Laird and Eston lentil. Significant differences between strains in number of nodules, shoot weight and nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction activity, ARA) were found for lentil grown for 5 weeks. When lentil were grown for 7 weeks, significant differences between strains in number of nodules, total plant weight, total N, and % N were observed. Fourteen strains plus Nitragin ‘C’ inoculant were selected for further field testing on Eston and Laird lentil at two locations in 1986 and one site in 1987. Inoculation increased yield up to 135%. Percent Ndfa and total N2 fixed ranged from 0 to 76 and 0 to 105 kg ha-1, respectively. N2-fixing activity was site specific and higher spring soil NO3-levels resulted in lower N2-fixing activity. Depending on site and growing conditions, strains 99A1 and I-ICAR-SYR-Le20 appeared to be superior to the other strains tested. A good agreement was found between the estimates for N2 fixation based upon the15N-isotope dilution and the classical N difference methods. Number of nodules, dry weight of nodules and ARA of Eston and Laird lentil grown under growth room conditions failed to show positive correlations with total dry matter production, total N or total N2 fixed of field grown lentil. However, total plant weight and total N of lentil grown under growth room conditions were highly correlated with field parameters, and were the most reliable screening parameters for the selection of superior rhizobial strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02444103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-affinity iron transport system of Rhizobium meliloti may be required for efficient nitrogen fixation in planta (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 130 (1991), S. 211-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: iron transport ; nitrogen fixation ; nodulation ; Rhizobium ; symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We have analyzed the ability of single site insertion mutants of Rhizobium meliloti 1021 defective in various components of a high-affinity iron transport system to produce nodules, fix nitogen and promote plant growth. Our results indicate that a high-affinity iron transport system may significantly increase the ability of the differentiated form of the bacterium to fix nitrogen and induce an increase in plant growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011875
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nodule haustoria and microbial features of Cajanus and Pongamia parasitized by sandal (sandal wood) (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 128 (1990), S. 249-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azospirillum ; Azotobacter ; haustoria ; legumes ; nodules ; Rhizobium ; sandal wood tree ; VAM fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field observation that roots of sandal wood tree (Santalum album (L.)) formed direct haustorial connections with root nodules of nodulating legumes was confirmed by pot culture studies on interaction between sandal wood plants and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) or Pongamia glabra Vent. plants. The number of nodules and nitrogen content of plants decreased in parasitized nodulating species with corresponding increase in the nitrogen content of sandal plants. The root region of sandal had more of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and VAM fungi than those of pigeonpea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011116
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