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  • GEOPHYSICS  (732)
  • 2015-2019
  • 2010-2014
  • 1990-1994  (732)
  • 11
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    The response of C1O radical concentrations to variations in NO2 radical concentrations in the lower stratosphere (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The respose of ClO concentrations to changes in NO2 concentrations has been inferred from simultaneous observations of (ClO), (NO), (NO2) and (O3) in the midlatitude lower stratosphere. This analysis demonstrates that (ClO) is inversely correlated with (NO2), consistent with formation and photolysis of (ClONO2). A factor of ten range in the concentration if NO2 was sampled (0.1 to 1 x 10(exp 9) mol/cu cm), with a comparable range in the ratio of (ClO) to total available inorganic chlorine (1% less than or equal to (ClO)/(Cl(sub y)) less than or equal to 5%. This analysis leads to an estimate of (ClONO2)/(Cl(sub y)) = 0.12 (x/2), in the mid-latitude, lower-stratospheric air masses sampled.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 23; p. 2543-2546
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  • 12
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    In situ observations of aerosol and chlorine monoxide after the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo - Effect of reactions on sulfate aerosol (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Highly resolved aerosol size distributions measured from high-altitude aircraft can be used to describe the effect of the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo on the stratospheric aerosol. In some air masses, aerosol mass mixing ratios increased by factors exceeding 100 and aerosol surface area concentrations increased by factors of 30 or more. Increases in aerosol surface area concentration were accompanied by increases in chlorine monoxide at mid-latitudes when confounding factors were controlled. This observation supports the assertion that reactions occurring on the aerosol can increase the fraction of stratospheric chlorine that occurs in ozone-destroying forms.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 261; 5125; p. 1140-1143.
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  • 13
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    Relativistic electron flux comparisons at low and high altitudes with fast time resolution and broad spatial coverage (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Analyses are presented for the first high-time resolution multisatellite study of the spatial and temporal characteristics of a relativistic electron enhancement event with a rapid onset. Measurements of MeV electrons were made from two low-altitude polar orbiting satellites and three spacecraft at synchronous altitude. The electron fluxes observed by the low-altitude satellites include precipitating electrons in both the bounce and drift loss cones as well as electrons that are stably trapped, whereas the observations at geosynchronous altitude are dominated by the trapped population. The fluxes of greater than 1 MeV electrons at low-satellite altitude over a wide range of L shells tracked very well the fluxes greater than 0.93 MeV at synchronous altitude.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; A9; p. 17,421-17,426
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  • 14
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    Two encounters with the flank low-latitude boundary layer - Further evidence for closed field topology and investigation of the internal structure (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The structure of the flank low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) is examined through differential energy spectra and particle angular anisotropies for traversals of the dawn flank (December 19, 1977) and dusk flank (July 7, 1978) during periods of predominantly northward magnetosheath field orientation. Spectra are presented that were obtained from combined ISEE 1 low-energy-proton and electron-differential-energy-analyzer and medium-energy-particle-instrument data extending over the 200-eV/q to 2-MeV energy range for the plasma sheet, stagnation region, outer LLBL, and magnetosheath regions. The stagnation region and the outer LLBL are each a mixture of plasma-sheet and magnetosheath populations, but the stagnation region contains a relatively higher fraction of plasma sheet particles, consistent with its placement earthward of the outer LLBL. Evidence for energization of thermal electrons appears during the dusk flank crossing. Bidirectional field-aligned ion distributions are observed with typically 5-to-1 enhancement of the flux along the magnetic field during certain portions of the dusk flank crossing.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 21
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  • 15
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    Modeling the growth phase of a substorm using the Tsyganenko model and multi-spacecraft observations - CDAW-9 (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The CDAW-9 Event C focused upon the early part of 3 May 1986 when a large substorm onset occurred at 0111 UT. By modifying the Tsyganenko 1989 magnetic field model, a model is constructed in which the near-earth current systems are enhanced with time to describe the observed development of the tail magnetic field during the growth phase. The cross-tail current intensity and the thickness of the current sheet are determined by comparison with three spacecraft in the near-earth tail. The location of the auroral bulge as recorded by the Viking imager is mapped to the equatorial current sheet. The degree of chaotization of the thermal electrons is estimated, and the consequences to the tail stability towards on tearing are discussed. It is concluded that the mapping of the brightening region in the auroral oval corresponds to the regions in the tail where the current sheet may be unstable towards ion tearing.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 18; 1963-196
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  • 16
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    A nonlinear dynamical analogue model of geomagnetic activity (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Consideration is given to the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction within the framework of deterministic nonlinear dynamics. An earlier dripping faucet analog model of the low-dimensional solar wind-magnetosphere system is reviewed, and a plasma physical counterpart to that model is constructed. A Faraday loop in the magnetotail is considered, and the relationship of electric potentials on the loop to changes in the magnetic flux threading the loop is developed. This approach leads to a model of geomagnetic activity which is similar to the earlier mechanical model but described in terms of the geometry and plasma contents of the magnetotail. The model is characterized as an elementary time-dependent global convection model. The convection evolves within a magnetotail shape that varies in a prescribed manner in response to the dynamical evolution of the convection. The result is a nonlinear model capable of exhibiting a transition from regular to chaotic loading and unloading. The model's behavior under steady loading and also some elementary forms of time-dependent loading is discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; A8, A; 12
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  • 17
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    CDAW 9 analysis of magnetospheric events on May 3, 1986 - Event C (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An intense geomagnetic substorm event on May 3, 1986, occurring toward the end of a strong storm period, is studied. The auroral electrojet indices and global imaging data from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres clearly revealed the growth phase and expansion phase development for a substorm with an onset at 0111 UT. An ideally located constellation of four spacecraft allowed detailed observation of the substorm growth phase in the near-tail region. A realistic time-evolving magnetic field model provided a global representation of the field configuration throughout the growth and early expansion phase of the substorm. Evidence of a narrowly localized substorm onset region in the near-earth tail is found. This region spread rapidly eastward and poleward after the 0111 UT onset. The results are consistent with a model of late growth phase formation of a magnetic neutral line. This reconnection region caused plasma sheet current diversion before the substorm onset and eventually led to cross-tail current disruption at the time of the substorm onset.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A3; p. 3815-3834.
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  • 18
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    Rapid ray motions in barium plasma clouds and auroras (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: On two evenings in 1968, anomalous field-aligned brightenings or emission enhancements of up to 3X were observed to move rapidly through three different Ba(+) clouds over Andoya, Norway. Similar effects were observed in Ba(+) clouds released from rockets launched from Poker Flat, Alaska, on March 21, 1973 and on March 22, 1980. On these occasions, auroras on or near the Ba(+) L shell also exhibited active rapid ray motions, which prompts the assumption that the two phenomena are related and the expectation that an explanation of the rapid ray motions in the Ba(+) clouds would lead to a better understanding of the physics of auroral ray motions and the auroral atmosphere. Seven possible mechanisms to produce the observed moving emission enhancements are discussed. The observations provide strong evidence for the existence of transient electric fields of order 100 mV/m at altitudes as low as 200 km during active aurora with rapid ray motions.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A3; p. 3711-3724.
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  • 19
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    In situ measurements constraining the role of sulphate aerosols in mid-latitude ozone depletion (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: In situ measurements of stratospheric sulphate aerosol, reactive nitrogen and chlorine concentrations at middle latitudes confirm the importance of aerosol surface reactions that convert active nitrogen to a less active, reservoir form. This makes mid-latitude stratospheric ozone less vulnerable to active nitrogen and more vulnerable to chlorine species. The effect of aerosol reactions on active nitrogen depends on gas phase reaction rates, so that increases in aerosol concentration following volcanic eruptions will have only a limited effect on ozone depletion at these latitudes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 363; 6429; p. 509-514.
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  • 20
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    The role of ring current nose events in producing stable auroral red arc intensifications during the main phase - Observations during the September 19-24, 1984, equinox transition study (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A set of observations describing ionospheric conditions, magnetospheric populations, and 6300-A emission intensities on stable auroral red (SAR) arc field lines during the solar minimum 19-24 Sept. 1984 magnetic storm period prompted a study of solar cycle and magnetic storm phase variations in SAR arc emissions and their magnetospheric energy source. It was found that medium-energy H(+) was significantly enhanced during the main phase compared to the late recovery phase of the 19-20 Sept. 1984 storm. Enhanced heating of the thermal electron plasma caused by this population resulted in more than an order of magnitude greater SAR arc emissions in the main phase compared to the recovery phase. O(+) was found to be the dominant energy source for SAR arcs in the late recovery phases of storms in the 19-24 Sept. period.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A6; p. 9267-9283.
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