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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Perspectives on a dynamic earth (1986)
    London [u.a.] : Allen & Unwin
    Details Availability
    Call number: G 8912
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 142 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0045500428
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subtypes of dorsal root ganglion neurons based on different inward currents as measured by whole-cell voltage clamp (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 80 (1989), S. 95-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: adult mammalian sensory neurons ; whole-cell sodium currents ; patch clamp techniques ; cell culture ; action potentials ; pain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electrophysiological and pharmacological properties distinguished subtypes of adult mammalian dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGn) in monolayer dissociated cell culture. By analogy of action potential waveform and duration, neurons with short duration (SDn) and long duration (LDn) action potentials resembled functionally distinct subtypes of DRGn in intact ganglia. Patch clamp and conventional intracellular recording techniques were combined here to elucidate differences in the ionic basis of excitability of subtypes of DRGn in vitro. Both SDn and LDn were quiescent at the resting potential. Action potentials of SDn were brief (〈 2 msec), sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX, 5–10 nM), exhibited damped firing during long depolarizations, and did not respond to algesic agents applied by pressure ejection. Action potentials of LDn were 2–6 msec in duration, persisted in 30 µM TTX, and fired repetitively during depolarizing current pulses or exposure to algesic agents (e.g., capsaicin, histamine and bradykinin). Whole-cell recordings from freshly dissociated neurons revealed two inward sodium currents (INa; variable with changes in sodium but not calcium concentration in the superfusate) in various proportions: a rapidly activating and inactivating, TTX-sensitive current; and, a slower, TTX (30 μM)-resistant INa. Large neurons, presumable SDn, had predominantly TTX-sensitive current and little TTX-resistant current. The predominent inward current of small neurons, presumably LDn, was TTX-resistant with a smaller TTX-sensitive component. By analogy to findings from intact ganglia, these results suggest that fundamentally different ionic currents controlling excitability of subtypes of DRGn in vitro may contribute to functional differences between subtyes of neurons in situ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231008
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  • 3
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    Lightning NO x influence on large-scale NO y and O 3 plumes observed over the northern mid-latitudes (2014)
    Co-Action Publishing
    In: Tellus B
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-19
    Description: This paper describes the NO y plumes originating from lightning emissions based on 4 yr (2001–2005) of MOZAIC measurements in the upper troposphere of the northern mid-latitudes, together with ground- and space-based observations of lightning flashes and clouds. This analysis is primarily for the North Atlantic region where the MOZAIC flights are the most frequent and for which the measurements are well representative in space and time. The study investigates the influence of lightning NO x (LNO x ) emissions on large-scale (300–2000 km) plumes (LSPs) of NO y . One hundred and twenty seven LSPs (6% of the total MOZAIC NO y dataset) have been attributed to LNO x emissions. Most of these LSPs were recorded over North America and the Atlantic mainly in spring and summer during the maximum lightning activity occurrence. The majority of the LSPs (74%) is related to warm conveyor belts and extra-tropical cyclones originating from North America and entering the intercontinental transport pathway between North America and Europe, leading to a negative (positive) west to east NO y (O 3 ) zonal gradient with −0.4 (+18) ppbv difference during spring and −0.6 (+14) ppbv difference in summer. The NO y zonal gradient can correspond to the mixing of the plume with the background air. On the other hand, the O 3 gradient is associated with both mixing of background air and with photochemical production during transport. Such transatlantic LSPs may have a potential impact on the European pollution. The remaining sampled LSPs are related to mesoscale convection over Western Europe and the Mediterranean Sea (18%) and to tropical convection (8%). Keywords: lightning NO x emissions, nitrogen species, ozone, plumes, the MOZAIC programme (Published: 18 November 2014) Citation: Tellus B 2014, 66 , 25544, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v66.25544
    Print ISSN: 0280-6509
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-0889
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Co-Action Publishing on behalf of The International Meteorological Institute in Stockholm.
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  • 4
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    Recurrent Thromboembolism in a Tertiary Care Pediatric Center. (2009)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-20
    Description: Abstract 2987 Poster Board II-963 Background: Thrombosis in children, though rare, is being increasingly recognized in pediatric tertiary care centers. Most data on children have largely been extrapolated from adults. Comprehensive data about the incidence and risk factors for recurrence of pediatric thrombosis are scarce. Aim: 1) To estimate the incidence of recurrence of thrombosis at a single pediatric tertiary care center and 2) To determine the risk factors for recurrent thrombosis in children. Methods: After local IRB approval, charts of patients (pts) with documented venous or arterial thrombosis admitted or referred to the hematology service from 2001-2008, were reviewed and pertinent data obtained. Data were analyzed using the 17.0 version of SPSS. Results: Preliminary analysis revealed 238 pts (ages 0-30 years) with 183 deep venous (DVT, 75%), 53 arterial (22%) and 2 combined (0.8%) episodes of thrombosis at initial presentation. Of the 183 pts with DVT there were 110 females, 128 males; of pts with arterial strokes there were 21 females, 32 males. Overall 11 pts (4.6%, 6 females, 5 males) had a recurrence, with 91% venous and 9% arterial. Three (27%; 2 females, 1 male) out of the 11 pts had a third recurrence, which were all venous. Sites for recurrence were lower extremity (82%), neck (9%) and thorax (9%). Risk factors for recurrence were positive family history of DVT (7/11; 63.6%), elevation in factor VIII (5/11; 45.5%), proximal lower extremity thrombosis as primary site (5/11; 45.5%), obesity (4/11; 36.4%), the presence of PTTLA (4/11; 36.4%) and the presence of inflammatory bowel disease (27.3%). Heterozygous factor V Leiden and congenital AT III deficiency was present in one pt each (9%) with recurrence. Other congenital thrombophilia traits were not seen in patients with recurrent events. Interestingly, gender, duration of treatment and residual clot after treatment (partial resolution) were not significantly associated with risk of recurrence. Conclusion: Recurrent thrombosis is infrequent in children and a positive family history, elevated factor VIII, and other acquired factors such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease were identified as risk factors for recurrence. Inherited thrombophilia and partial resolution of thrombosis were not associated with recurrence in this series of patients. Larger multi-center trials are needed to identify risk factors for recurrence in children. To our knowledge this is the first pediatric study that has systematically evaluated the incidence and risk factors associated with recurrent pediatric thrombosis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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  • 5
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    Utility of Thromboelastography for the Diagnosis of Von Willebrand Disease (2016)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-02
    Description: Background: Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) is the most common bleeding disorder. Current gold standard diagnostic testing includes: VWF Activity (VWF:RCo), VWF Antigen (VWF:Ag) and Factor VIII Activity (FVIII). There are many difficulties associated with the current diagnostic methods. Thromboelastography (TEG) is a viscoelastic method of measuring coagulation function. The standard TEG assay has not been thought to be of use in VWD because of the lack of shear stress which is essential for the activation of VWF. Modified TEG using Ristocetin activation has been found to be useful in the diagnosis of VWD. The aims of this study were to evaluate the different parameters of Tissue factor (TF) initiated TEG in patients with VWD, to determine if this assay is sensitive to dysfunctional/low levels of VWF, as this does not require any significant change in procedure except for the use of TF as the activator instead of Kaolin. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who presented for a bleeding disorder workup that had TF initiated TEG analysis and Von Willebrand laboratory tests completed between January 2007 and December 2015 was performed. IRB approval was obtained, and current diagnostic tests for Von Willebrand Disease (CBC with platelet count, VWF:RCo and VWF:Ag, FVIII, ABO blood type; PT, PTT, Fibrinogen) and TF initiated TEG parameters, specifically K-Time and MRTG (Maximum rate of thrombin generation), were compared. To perform the TEG analysis, the citrated whole blood samples were activated using 20mL of 1:10,000 dilution of recombinant human tissue factor (Innovin, Dade Behring) and CaCl2. Results: A total sample size of 160 patients (ages ranging 2 weeks to 18 years) who had a workup for a bleeding disorder that included Von Willebrand studies and TEG were reviewed. Of these 160 patients, 75 patients had a VWF:RCo
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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  • 6
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    Altered Folate Metabolism Maybeo the Develop Linked tment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in African American Children. (2009)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-20
    Description: Abstract 4118 Background Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common form of childhood cancer in the United States. The incidence of ALL is approximately 2-3-fold higher in Caucasian compared to African American (AA) children, suggesting potential differences in genetic susceptibility and/or exogenous exposures. Multiple epidemiologic studies have examined both genetic and environmental factors linked to the development of childhood ALL, primarily in Caucasian populations. Hence, identifying factors associated with racial differences in incidence of leukemia may provide new insights into the role of endogenous versus exogenous factors in the development of leukemia. A number of studies have reported relationships between folate metabolism and the risk of developing ALL including: i)maternal folate supplementation during pregnancy (reduced risk of ALL in offspring); and ii)polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes involved in folate metabolism, including 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (increased and decreased risks). To date, no studies have been performed specifically examining the role of folate metabolism in AA children. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with folate metabolism which may be linked to the development of ALL in AA children compared to healthy controls. Patients and Methods AA children with B-precursor (BP) ALL were enrolled from the Hematology/Oncology Division of Children's Hospital of Michigan, while healthy AA children were enrolled as controls. Patients' racial backgrounds were based on parental reporting. The frequencies of polymorphisms in the MTHFR [677C〉T, 1298A〉C], thymidylate synthase [TS 2R3R], cystathionine-β-synthase [CBS 844ins(68)], and reduced folate carrier [RFC 80G〉A] genes were determined by genotyping between AA childhood BP-ALL [n=26; 14 males] and healthy AA children [n=87; 47 males]. The distributions of genotypes between cases and controls were compared using Fisher's exact test. Results The genotype distributions of the polymorphisms of the folate pathway genes are summarized in Table 1. The frequencies of the MTHFR gene variants 677 CT/TT were 2-fold higher in the ALL cohort than that in the healthy control cohort. MTHFR 677 CT/TT was significantly associated with a risk of developing ALL in the AA patients. There were no significant differences in the distributions of the TS, CBS, or RFC polymorphisms between the groups. High birth weight has been associated with an increased risk of developing ALL, though we found no significant difference in birth weights between ALL and control groups. Conclusion Our study is the first to demonstrate that there is a higher frequency of the variant MTHFR C677T polymorphism (associated with reduced enzyme activity and altered distribution of folate forms) in AA children with ALL compared to healthy controls. Low MTHFR enzyme activity leads to imbalances in the thymidylate and de novo purine biosynthetic pathways, ultimately affecting DNA synthesis and repair and likely increasing the risk of leukemia. Thus, the role of altered folate metabolism may contribute to the development of ALL in AA children similar to Caucasian children, although additional studies are still required to identify factors linked to the higher incidence of ALL in Caucasian children and/or low incidence in AA children. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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  • 7
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    Epidemiology and characterization of Escherichia coli outbreak on a pig farm in South Africa (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-24
    Print ISSN: 0378-1097
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6968
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Federation of European Microbiological Societies.
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  • 8
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    Observations of volcanic lightning during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano (2013)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0377-0273
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-6097
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
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    Leader Polarity-Reversal Feature and Charge Structure of Three Upward Bipolar Lightning Flashes (2018)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-12
    Description: We have analyzed three upward bipolar lightning flashes (UBLFs) that occurred in Japanese winter thunderstorms. Leader polarity-reversal processes in three flashes share the same features. During the several tens of milliseconds (lightning A 56 ms, lightning B 21 ms, lightning C 67 ms) before the initiation of the polarity-reversal leader, one branch of the preceding leader in bipolar flashes was nearly decayed while other branches of the preceding leader were still in propagation. Then the polarity-reversal leader will be initiated at the end of the decayed branch of the preceding leader. Initial sources of the polarity-reversal leader are characterized by relatively strong very high frequency power (average value in lightning A, B, and C 24, 18, and 14 dBW) and obvious upward progression. Two of the three upward lightning (lightning A and B) occurred at a normal dipolar charge structure, while the remaining one (lightning C) occurred at an inverted dipolar charge structure. Based on the common features of the polarity-reversal leader and charge structure, we have proposed a scenario to interpret the process of upward bipolar lightning flashes. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
    Print ISSN: 2169-897X
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-8996
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 10
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    The Integration of Data Review, Remote Sensing and Ground Survey for a Regional-Level Karst Assessment (2016)
    Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-01
    Print ISSN: 1078-7275
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists
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