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  • 2020-2024  (9)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Thermal Physiology : A Worldwide History (2022)
    New York, NY :Springer New York :
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Human physiology. ; Science History. ; Human Physiology. ; History of Science.
    Kurzfassung: This edited volume records the critical historical developments in thermal physiology and makes them accessible to new and senior thermal biologists and scientists in related fields. Readers will discover how the discipline developed all over the world. Contributions from 14 different countries recollect all prominent discoveries, starting in the 18th century. Like other volumes of the Perspectives in Physiology series, this book reveals the people behind these discoveries. The authors also set the scenes in which the research was conducted in their countries. From geopolitical frameworks to new technologies and extraordinary personalities - this volume shows that scientific progress is influenced by many, often unforeseeable, factors. The history of thermal physiology not only is a story about individual outstanding scientists, but a testament for open collaboration and international comradery.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: XVI, 673 p. 156 illus., 61 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9781071623626
    Serie: Perspectives in Physiology,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2362-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2362-6
    DDC: 612
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    E-BOOKS (AWI ONLY)
  • 2
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    Articulating the effect of food systems innovation on the Sustainable Development Goals [Personal View] (2021)
    In:  The Lancet Planetary Health
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-30
    Beschreibung: Food system innovations will be instrumental to achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, major innovation breakthroughs can trigger profound and disruptive changes, leading to simultaneous and interlinked reconfigurations of multiple parts of the global food system. The emergence of new technologies or social solutions, therefore, have very different impact profiles, with favourable consequences for some SDGs and unintended adverse side-effects for others. Stand-alone innovations seldom achieve positive outcomes over multiple sustainability dimensions. Instead, they should be embedded as part of systemic changes that facilitate the implementation of the SDGs. Emerging trade-offs need to be intentionally addressed to achieve true sustainability, particularly those involving social aspects like inequality in its many forms, social justice, and strong institutions, which remain challenging. Trade-offs with undesirable consequences are manageable through the development of well planned transition pathways, careful monitoring of key indicators, and through the implementation of transparent science targets at the local level.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    CITATION PIK
  • 3
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    Innovation can accelerate the transition towards a sustainable food system (2020)
    In:  Nature Food
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-27
    Beschreibung: Future technologies and systemic innovation are critical for the profound transformation the food system needs. These innovations range from food production, land use and emissions, all the way to improved diets and waste management. Here, we identify these technologies, assess their readiness and propose eight action points that could accelerate the transition towards a more sustainable food system. We argue that the speed of innovation could be significantly increased with the appropriate incentives, regulations and social licence. These, in turn, require constructive stakeholder dialogue and clear transition pathways.
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    CITATION PIK
  • 4
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    Stable potassium (K) isotope characteristics at mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal vents and its implications for the global K cycle (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Highlights • Potassium isotopes of modern hydrothermal fluids are reported for the first time. • Potassium isotope fractionation in hydrothermal systems is resolved and quantified. • Hydrothermal systems cannot explain the heavy K isotope signature of seawater. • Authigenic clay formation likely has a significant role in the global K cycle. Recent discoveries of significant variations in stable K isotope ratios (41K/39K or K) among various terrestrial samples indicate that K isotopes can be a novel tracer for the global K cycle, but a key observation that seawater K is ‰ higher than the bulk silicate Earth remains unexplained. An unconstrained component critical to this puzzle is hydrothermal systems that represent both a major K source and sink in the ocean. Here we report K results on mid-ocean ridge (MOR) hydrothermal fluids from the Gorda Ridge and ∼9°N East Pacific Rise (EPR), including time-series samples that recorded major perturbations in fluid chemistry induced by a local volcanic eruption. Fluid K values range from -0.46‰ to -0.15‰, falling between those of fresh basalts and seawater. K values of “time-zero” fluids collected shortly after the volcanic eruption are shifted towards the seawater value, followed by a return to pre-eruption values within ∼2 years. Fluid K variations are largely influenced by water–rock interactions, but they cannot be solely explained by simple mixing of seawater and K leached from basalts at high temperatures. Instead, these data imply small but significant isotope fractionation that enriches heavy K isotopes in basalts, likely caused by low-temperature alteration during the recharge stage of hydrothermal circulation. Our results preclude MOR hydrothermal systems as the cause for the heavy K value of seawater. Using fluid K data and K isotope fractionation constrained here for hydrothermal systems, a K mass-balance model implies a critical role for a marine sedimentary sink, possibly authigenic clay formation, in the global K cycle. Also, applying the K isotope fractionation constrained here to the published K data from ophiolites shows the possibility for significantly lower seawater K during the Ordovician, which can be explained by enhanced reverse weathering in response to distinct climate and tectonics at that time.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    ARTIKEL (OCEANREP)
  • 5
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    Environmental Impact Assessments for deep-sea mining : Can we improve their future effectiveness? (2020)
    In:  Marine Policy
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an important process for evaluating the effects of development, and to assist decisions to effectively manage potential deep-sea mining (DSM). However, although EIA is a widely used and accepted approach, there has been considerable debate over its effectiveness. In this paper, we summarise some of the key problems raised by previous EIA reviews, as well as examining several EIAs carried out in recent years for DSM, and highlight issues identified by management agencies. Scientific shortcomings are discussed, and recommendations provided on ways to improve performance. These include inadequate baseline data, insufficient detail of the mining operation, insufficient synthesis of data and the ecosystem approach, poor assessment and consideration of uncertainty, inadequate assessment of indirect impacts, inadequate treatment of cumulative impacts, insufficient risk assessment, and consideration of linkages between EIA and other management plans. The focus of the paper is on scientific limitations, but we also consider some aspects of their application to elements of process and policy.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    CITATION RIFS
  • 6
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    The Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges: A review of the importance, opportunities and challenges for protecting a global diversity hotspot on the high seas (2021)
    In:  Marine Policy
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: The Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges are two seamount chains of volcanic origin, which include over 110 seamounts that collectively stretch across over 2,900 km in the southeastern Pacific. Ecosystems in this region are isolated by the Atacama Trench, the Humboldt Current System, and an extreme oxygen minimum zone. This isolation has produced a unique biodiversity that is marked by one of the highest levels of marine endemism on Earth. These areas also provide important habitats and ecological stepping stones for whales, sea turtles, corals, and a multitude of other ecologically important species, including 82 species that are threatened or endangered. Recent explorations in this region have documented one of the deepest light-dependent marine ecosystems on Earth, as well as numerous species that are new to science. Waters surrounding the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges are mostly located in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), with smaller portions located in the national waters of Chile and Peru. Within this region, Chile has already protected all the ridge features that fall within its jurisdiction, and Peru is evaluating a proposal that would protect the seafloor that falls within its national waters. However, all of the ABNJ in the region, which cover over 73% of the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges, are unprotected and under threat from a variety of stressors, including climate change, plastic pollution, overfishing, and potential deep-sea mining in the future. Importantly, fishing and other commercial activities are at low levels in international waters of this region, so there is a time-sensitive opportunity to protect its unique natural and cultural resources before they are degraded. This study provides a synthesis of the relevant science that has been conducted on the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges, and discusses the opportunities and challenges for protecting this unique region via existing sectoral organizations and through the emerging international agreement on biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). Given its exceptional natural and cultural significance, the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges should be comprehensively protected from exploitation, pollution and other anthropogenic threats using the best available conservation measures.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    CITATION RIFS
  • 7
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    Optical properties of dissolved organic matter highlight peatland-like properties in a constructed wetland (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0048-9697
    Digitale ISSN: 1879-1026
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Publiziert von Elsevier
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    AKTUELLE ARTIKEL
  • 8
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    Impacts of a weakening subpolar North Atlantic influence on the European Slope Current, North Sea inflow and primary production (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-06
    Beschreibung: The subpolar North Atlantic provides a strong geostrophic eastward inflow to the European shelf seas, which varies across timescales with basin-scale warming and cooling. Lagrangian particle back-tracking experiments have suggested that this is a main contributor to the northward flow of the European Slope Current. As the subpolar North Atlantic has warmed by approximately 2°C over the past 4 decades, geostrophic inflow to the European shelf edge and shelf seas has decreased in strength by up to 10 Sv (nearly 50%) due to weakened meridional density gradients across subpolar latitudes. There has been a corresponding 2-3 Sv (50-70%) drop in northward along-slope Slope Current transport. Atlantic inflow to the Slope Current has become more subtropical in provenance, slower, warmer and shallower, since 1997. The North Sea is consequently freshening with decreasing Atlantic inflow, being more influenced by Baltic outflow and riverine inputs. Using a 1D physics-biology coupled model, prescribing surface nutrient supply in proportion to Slope Current transport and shelf edge exchange, we present evidence of decreasing primary production over 1988-2010. Largest changes are associated with reduced productivity during the autumn bloom, after spring bloom exhaustion of surface nutrients that are subsequently reset during winter mixing. These findings have implications for seasonality of the North Sea ecosystem, particularly fisheries, and may explain some recently observed ecological shifts.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 9
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    Community workflows for large-domain hydrologic modeling: Separating model-agnostic and model-specific configuration steps to promote reproducibility, efficiency and transparency (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-08-31
    Beschreibung: Earth System Models are rapidly advancing to run simulations at higher resolutions and to include more and more components relevant for accurate modeling of Earth System processes. This comes with an ever-present need to create new model configurations and thus a burden on users to (re-)process model input data and (re-)do analyses. Such work is typically cumbersome, and often opaque and poorly reproducible. Here we present ongoing work on fostering a community modeling approach in the hydrologic sciences, where model configuration code is freely shared between different modeling groups. The key insight that underpins this work is a realization that our models may differ in details, but generally have similar (if not the same) input requirements. By dividing model configuration procedures into model-agnostic and model-specific steps, we were able to create a code base that consists of a shared data processing core (the model-agnostic part) coupled to thin layers of model-specific code that convert the prepared data into the exact specifications the models need. This setup has reduced model configuration time costs considerably, while also increasing transparency and reproducibility of the resulting model configurations. These principles are widely applicable and essential in current times, where society’s need for Earth System predictions far exceeds the capabilities of individual modeling groups. Building effective collaborations between modeling groups and disciplines are critical to provide these predictions.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    ARTIKEL (OA)
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