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  • 1
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    Progress in Commutative Algebra 1. Combinatorics and Homology (2021)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This is the first of two volumes of a state-of-the-art survey article collection which originates from three commutative algebra sessions at the 2009 Fall Southeastern American Mathematical Society Meeting at Florida Atlantic University. The articles reach into diverse areas of commutative algebra and build a bridge between Noetherian and non-Noetherian commutative algebra. These volumes present current trends in two of the most active areas of commutative algebra: non-noetherian rings (factorization, ideal theory, integrality), and noetherian rings (the local theory, graded situation, and interactions with combinatorics and geometry). This volume contains combinatorial and homological surveys. The combinatorial papers document some of the increasing focus in commutative algebra recently on the interaction between algebra and combinatorics. Specifically, one can use combinatorial techniques to investigate resolutions and other algebraic structures as with the papers of Fløystad on Boij-Söderburg theory, of Geramita, Harbourne and Migliore, and of Cooper on Hilbert functions, of Clark on minimal poset resolutions and of Mermin on simplicial resolutions. One can also utilize algebraic invariants to understand combinatorial structures like graphs, hypergraphs, and simplicial complexes such as in the paper of Morey and Villarreal on edge ideals. Homological techniques have become indispensable tools for the study of noetherian rings. These ideas have yielded amazing levels of interaction with other fields like algebraic topology (via differential graded techniques as well as the foundations of homological algebra), analysis (via the study of D-modules), and combinatorics (as described in the previous paragraph). The homological art
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Commutative Algebra ; Homology ; Combinatorics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Progress in Commutative Algebra 2. Closures, Finiteness and Factorization (2021)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This is the second of two volumes of a state-of-the-art survey article collection which originates from three commutative algebra sessions at the 2009 Fall Southeastern American Mathematical Society Meeting at Florida Atlantic University. The articles reach into diverse areas of commutative algebra and build a bridge between Noetherian and non-Noetherian commutative algebra. These volumes present current trends in two of the most active areas of commutative algebra: non-noetherian rings (factorization, ideal theory, integrality), and noetherian rings (the local theory, graded situation, and interactions with combinatorics and geometry). This volume contains surveys on aspects of closure operations, finiteness conditions and factorization. Closure operations on ideals and modules are a bridge between noetherian and nonnoetherian commutative algebra. It contains a nice guide to closure operations by Epstein, but also contains an article on test ideals by Schwede and Tucker and one by Enescu which discusses the action of the Frobenius on finite dimensional vector spaces both of which are related to tight closure. Finiteness properties of rings and modules or the lack of them come up in all aspects of commutative algebra. However, in the study of non-noetherian rings it is much easier to find a ring having a finite number of prime ideals. The editors have included papers by Boynton and Sather-Wagstaff and by Watkins that discuss the relationship of rings with finite Krull dimension and their finite extensions. Finiteness properties in commutative group rings are discussed in Glaz and Schwarz's paper. And Olberding's selection presents us with constructions that produce rings whose integral closure in their field of fractions is not finitely
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Closure ; Commutative Algebra ; Decomposition ; Factorization ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    The Angular Size of Coronal Mass Ejections: STEREO Measurements and Consequences for Future Missions (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Description: Coronal mass ejections are observed remotely by coronagraphs with angular widths, for the "flux rope", of 60-90 deg. Past studies from single events measured by two spacecraft at the same heliocentric distance or statistical studies of events measured by two spacecraft at different distances have revealed that the angular width of CME magnetic ejecta may be 40-60 deg near 1 AU. Here, we present a more in-depth analysis of CME measurements by STEREO-A and Wind in 2020-2022 when the two spacecraft separation decreased from 60 to 20 deg. We find that multi-spacecraft measurements are rare, even for two spacecraft at 1 AU separated by 25-30 deg. We discuss how this affects future mission concepts and how it reveals that dedicated multi-spacecraft missions with spacecraft separations of 20 degrees or less are needed to advance our understanding of CMEs.
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Long Time Series of Microstructure Measurements from Autonomous Platforms (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Description: Oceanic turbulence is highly episodic and patchy. The persistence and long endurance of autonomous platforms provides opportunities to sample across a range of conditions and environments, and to provide access to challenging environments where ship-based measurements are often impossible.For more than a decade, a fully integrated microstructure system on Seaglider has been developed and operated by the Applied Physical Laboratory at University of Washington, using probes and analog signal conditioning boards from Rockland Scientific Inc. This compact, low-power system has minimal impact on flight and endurance of the autonomous glider, making it possible to collect extended (many months) dissipation measurements. The hardware and processing system are commercially available from Rockland Scientific as MAPLe. Microstructure measurements have been acquired over spans as long as six months, but probe failures often occur. We describe the system and present statistics for sensor durability statistics computed from deployments over a vast range of conditions and geographical locations. The field data are compared to results of probe sensitivity in long term laboratory tests.
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Height modernization in hydrographic surveying using unmanned surface vehicle with multibeam sonar system (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-06
    Description: Height modernization in hydrographic surveying refers to measuring the depth with reference to the ellipsoid, which has two major advantages. Firstly, it is tide-independent, eliminating the errors that may result from tidal correction. Secondly, bathymetric results from different countries or regions can reference to a common surface, i.e., the WGS84 Ellipsoid. In this research, we will integrate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) using both loosely and tightly coupled schemes to improve the attitude and positioning accuracy, especially in the vertical direction. The improved attitude data can be used for vessel attitude corrections, while the sound velocity must be corrected based on the records from the sound velocity profiler (SVP). By combining the positioning results, the vertical offsets between the GNSS antenna and the multibeam echosounder, and the processed hydrographic measurements, the ellipsoidal height of the seabed can be obtained. In this study, hydrographic surveying is conducted using an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) equipped with a multibeam sonar sounder in several harbors, including An-ping, Jiang-jun, and Wu-shi, in Taiwan. The USV’s light weight, shallow draft, and high maneuverability make it ideal for navigating shallow waters and berthing areas that may be inaccessible to manned vessels. The collected hydrographic data will be processed using both the proposed method and CARIS HIPS and SIPS software, which takes GPS tide into account and the results from both methods will be compared to evaluate the effectiveness of height modernization in hydrographic surveying.
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Polar GNSS-Reflectometry for the Detection of Coastal Sea Level and Sea Ice Changes (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-18
    Description: Over the last few decades, sea level rise due to global warming has become a global issue, with polar and coastal regions being the most vulnerable. This study will focus on polar regions as they have a significant impact on the global climate and ecosystem. Sea level height is traditionally observed using in-situ tide gauges and satellite altimetry. However, both methods face challenges in polar regions. Tide gauges are difficult to set up and maintain, and satellite altimetry is limited by the design of its orbital inclination. To overcome these difficulties, Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is adopted to monitor sea level and sea ice changes in polar regions. A sea ice detection algorithm will be developed to avoid the contamination for sea level measurements, and the impact of sea state bias error will also be taken into account to improve accuracy. On the other hand, this study will integrate multi-constellation and multi-frequency signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data to enhance temporal resolution of GNSS-R retrievals. As the original design of GNSS continuous stations is for positioning applications, we will also analyze different signal processing methods to effectively extract reflected signals from SNR data and the accuracy will be verified using observations from nearby tide gauges or tidal models. Further analysis of the relationship between the climate indicators and the variations in the sea level and sea ice will be conducted. Finally, this study will provide general recommendations for establishing GNSS-R stations in the polar regions.
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Roles of dynamic and thermodynamic processes in regulating the El Niño decay in Community Earth System Model Version 2 (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-31
    Description: El Niño events in a 1200-year coupled simulation are divided into fast-decay, slow-decay, and persistent groups to investigate the mechanisms for distinct durations. The fast-decay group features earlier onset and positive Indian Ocean Dipole mode in the developing stage, and stronger upwelling Rossby waves in the equatorial Pacific and Western North Pacific Anomalous Anticyclone (WNPAC) in tropical atmosphere in mature winter. Reflected waves at the western boundary and WNPAC-induced easterly wind stress anomalies result in upwelling Kelvin waves that are strong to terminate the fast-decay events before the following summer but much weaker in the other groups. The strength of the upwelling Kelvin waves is correlated to the equatorial Western Pacific zonal wind stress more than the Equatorial Rossby waves. During the mature winter, the fast-decay (persistent) group tends to be Eastern-Pacific (Central-Pacific) type El Niño, which causes stronger (weaker) cloud-shortwave radiation-sea surface temperature damping over the Niño-3.4 region. In the following spring, the difference of the mixed layer heat budget in Niño-3.4 between the fast and persistent groups shows the zonal advection of climatological temperature gradient by the Kelvin wave-induced geostrophic current accounts for 48% while latent heat contributes 24% of the budget difference due to reduced northeasterly trade winds by positive Pacific Meridional Mode. The slow-decay group also has a weaker cold zonal advection but a similar thermodynamic damping to that of the fast-decay group. Dynamic and thermodynamic processes in spring are both critical in regulating the duration of El Niño.
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Antarctic surface water intrusion triggering seasonal rapid basal melting of drygalski ice tongue, east Antarctica (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: Antarctic glaciers are losing ice rapidly to the ocean through basal melting of ice shelves/tongues. To better predicate future sea level rise, it is urgent to detect the rapid basal melting of ice shelves/tongues as well as ocean’s role in this process. In this study, basal melting of Drygalski Ice Tongue (DIT), the seaward extension of David Glacier in Northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica has been detected using a surface deployed Autonomous Phase-sensitive Radio-Echo-Sounder (ApRES). The ocean water changes adjacent to DIT front has been revealed using an ocean mooring. ApRES observation suggests a rapid basal melting 〉 10 m/a close to DIT front in February and mooring data shows a synchronous ocean warming in austral summer, indicating Antarctica Surface Water intrusion to the base of DIT. The mooring data has been used to simulate the basal melting of DIT front, which coincides with ApRES measurements. We conclude that rapid basal melting close to the tongue front was likely triggered by intrusion of Antarctica Surface Water in austral summer. Glacier-ocean interactions, such as glacier basal melting, can be detected from spaceborne, terrestrial and oceanic observations and are important processes to predict future sea level changes. To better understand the driving forces of glacier changes, multi-disciplinary observation and numerical modeling are required.
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    How Do Organisms Affect and Respond to Climate Change? (2022)
    In:  Frontiers for Young Minds
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Life on Earth is diverse at many levels, meaning there is a lot of variety within species and there are many different kinds of species. This biodiversity provides many of the resources that humans need and enhances our quality of life. All of Earth’s organisms are affected by Earth’s climate, but they also influence Earth’s climate. In this article, we show how research on plants, animals, and microbes helps us better understand how living things can both impact and respond to climate change. This research also gives us insight into what the future might be like for life on Earth. Such knowledge will help us to protect our planet—and the living things on it—from the harmful effects of future climate change.
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  • 10
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    Intercomparison of regional loss estimates from global synthetic tropical cyclone models (2022)
    In:  Nature Communications
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-27
    Description: Tropical cyclones (TCs) cause devastating damage to life and property. Historical TC data is scarce, complicating adequate TC risk assessments. Synthetic TC models are specifically designed to overcome this scarcity. While these models have been evaluated on their ability to simulate TC activity, no study to date has focused on model performance and applicability in TC risk assessments. This study performs the intercomparison of four different global-scale synthetic TC datasets in the impact space, comparing impact return period curves, probability of rare events, and hazard intensity distribution over land. We find that the model choice influences the costliest events, particularly in basins with limited TC activity. Modelled direct economic damages in the North Indian Ocean, for instance, range from 40 to 246 billion USD for the 100-yr event over the four hazard sets. We furthermore provide guidelines for the suitability of the different synthetic models for various research purposes.
    Language: English
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