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  • 2020-2024  (5)
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  • 1
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    Ecosystem changes through the Permian–Triassic and Triassic–Jurassic critical intervals: Evidence from sedimentology, palaeontology and geochemistry (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉ABSTRACT〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉The Permian–Triassic and Triassic–Jurassic critical intervals are among the most significant ecological upheavals in the Phanerozoic. Both evolutionary junctures are characterized by environmental deterioration associated with a marked biodiversity decline. In this study, Permian–Triassic and Triassic–Jurassic boundary sections from South China and the Northern Calcareous Alps were investigated. In order to reconstruct the interplay between biotic and abiotic processes, a multifaceted approach that included optical microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, stable carbon isotopes and lipid biomarkers was employed. The lower parts of these two sections are similar as both consist of limestone with abundant fossils of eukaryotic organisms. However, the Permian–Triassic record is dominated by dasyclad green algae and fusulinid foraminifera, while the Triassic–Jurassic record is typified by corals and coralline sponges. Moving upward, both sections consist mainly of micrite and marl. Concerning the Permian–Triassic section, it transits to volcanic ash intercalated by a distinct limestone bed with abundant calcispheres (tentatively attributed to ancestors of dinoflagellates). The Triassic–Jurassic section does not provide direct evidence for volcanic activity, but also becomes rich in calcisphere‐type cysts towards the top. Additionally, the section preserves abundant 4‐methyl sterenes (diagnostic for dinoflagellates) and C〈sub〉37–39〈/sub〉 〈italic toggle="no"〉n〈/italic〉‐alkanes (indicative for haptophytes). Hence, both critical intervals were associated with marked blooms of (ancestral) dinoflagellates and haptophytes (for example, coccolithophorids). These blooms were followed by ecological lag‐phases, as indicated by low carbonate contents and scarce fossils which only increased further up the sections. For both critical intervals, it is commonly assumed that the formation of voluminous volcanic provinces (Siberian Traps and Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, respectively), as well as associated processes (for example, burning of organic‐rich sediments such as coal), resulted in ecological devastation. However, results suggest that volcanism also had a positive effect on certain planktonic primary producers such as dinoflagellates and haptophytes, perhaps by delivering essential nutrients.〈/p〉
    Description: China Council Scholarship
    Description: Teach@Tübingen Fellowship
    Keywords: ddc:560 ; Calcispheres ; dinoflagellates ; haptophytes ; lipid biomarkers ; mass extinctions ; microfacies ; stable carbon isotopes
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Oil and gas seepage offshore Georgia (Black Sea) – Geochemical evidences for a Paleogene-Neogene hydrocarbon source rock (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Highlights • Four seafloor hydrocarbon emissions in the Eastern Black Sea were investigated • Eocene and/or Oligocene-Miocene Formations are most likely sources for oil and gas • Mixed secondary microbial and oil-associated thermogenic hydrocarbons at all sites • Site-specific light hydrocarbon compositions result from different mixing ratios Abstract Numerous hydrocarbon seep sites at the continental shelf, slope, and in the deep water basin are known to feed the Black Sea water reservoir of dissolved methane. In this study, we identified the likely sources of gas and oil that are emitted at four sites located on the continental slope offshore Georgia in the Eastern Black Sea at 830 to 1,140 m water depth – an area with gas seepage only (Batumi seep area) and three areas of joint gas and oil seepage (Iberia Mound, Colkheti Seep, and Pechori Mound). The geochemistry of bulk parameters, organic fractions and individual hydrocarbon biomarkers in near-surface sediments and of gas/oil expelled from the seafloor was analyzed and jointly interpreted to assign most likely hydrocarbon source rocks in the studied region. Presence of oleanane in shallow oil-impregnated sediments and oil slicks attests that the source rock at all sites is younger than Mid Cretaceous in age. We conclude that hydrocarbons ascending at all the four seepage areas originate from the Eocene Kuma Formation and/or the Oligocene–Lower Miocene Maikop Group, which are considered the principal hydrocarbon sources in the Eastern Black Sea region. Distributions of crude oil biomarkers in shallow sediments suggests moderate to heavy biodegradation. C1/C2+ ratios (10 to 4,163) along with stable C and H isotopic ratios (δ13C-CH4 ‒46.3 to ‒53.1.3‰ V-PDB; δ2H-CH4 ‒159 to ‒178‰ SMOW) indicate gas mixtures of oil-associated thermogenic and secondary microbial light hydrocarbons that are discharged from the four seep sites. Light hydrocarbons discharged at the Batumi Seep area are characterized by significant enrichments of methane, but almost similar δ13C-CH4 values if compared to the other study sites. Such methane enrichments likely result from a comparably higher degree of petroleum degradation and associated formation of secondary microbial methane.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 3
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    Oil and gas seepage offshore Georgia (Black Sea) – Geochemical evidences for a paleogene-neogene hydrocarbon source rock (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0264-8172
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-4073
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
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    Bulk geochemistry and biomarker concentrations and isotopic compositions of lignites spanning the PETM from Stenkul Fiord (Ellesmere Island), Paleocene (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-11
    Description: This dataset contains bulk geochemical information (TOC, S, Tmax, Hydrogen and Oxygen Indices), relative and absolute abundances of selected plant wax and bacterial hopanoid biomarkers as well as stable carbon and hydrogen isotope signatures of selected compounds. Samples were analysed with a Leco C/S analyser, a Rock-Eval 6 pyrolysis unit, a gas chromatograph-triple quad mass spectrometer and gas chromatograph isotope ratio mass spectrometer (for d13C and d2H). The samples originate from two onshore outcrops at the Stenkul Fiord (Ellesmere Island) and are mostly coal samples of the lignite thermal maturity stage. The age of the samples are Paleogene and cover the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; Margaret Formation), and they were taken in 2017 (BGR CASE 19 expedition). The data were generated to reconstruct the terrestrial paleovenvironment in this high-latitude setting. More information on the studied sections can be found elswhere (Reinhardt et al., 2022).
    Keywords: 2-methyl hop-17(21)-ene/hop-17(21)-ene ratio; Biomarkers; Carbon, organic, total; Carbon Preference Index, n-Alkanes; CASE19; Diterpenoids, total, per unit mass total organic carbon; Element analyser CS, LECO; Ellesmere Island; Epoch; Gas chromatography - Isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-IRMS); Gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QQQ-MS); Hop-17(21)-ene, per unit mass total organic carbon; Hop-17(21)-ene, δ13C; Hopanoids; Hopene, total, per unit mass total organic carbon; Hydrogen index, mass HC, per unit mass total organic carbon; Isopimarane, per unit mass total organic carbon; Location; LR17_Stenkul_Fiord_EAST; n-Alkane, average chain length; n-Alkane, sum, per unit mass total organic carbon; OUTCROP; Outcrop sample; Oxygen index, mass CO2, per unit mass total organic carbon; PETM; Pyrolysis temperature maximum; Rock-Eval analysis; Sample ID; SECTION, height; Site; Stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes of plant-waxes; Stable carbon isotope (δ13C); Sulfur, total
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 141 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Bulk geochemistry and biomarker concentrations and isotopic compositions of lignites spanning the PETM from Stenkul Fiord (Ellesmere Island), early Eocene (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-23
    Description: This dataset contains bulk geochemical information (TOC, S, Tmax, Hydrogen and Oxygen Indices), relative and absolute abundances of selected plant wax and bacterial hopanoid biomarkers as well as stable carbon and hydrogen isotope signatures of selected compounds. Samples were analysed with a Leco C/S analyser, a Rock-Eval 6 pyrolysis unit, a gas chromatograph-triple quad mass spectrometer and gas chromatograph isotope ratio mass spectrometer (for d13C and d2H). The samples originate from two onshore outcrops at the Stenkul Fiord (Ellesmere Island) and are mostly coal samples of the lignite thermal maturity stage. The age of the samples are Paleogene and cover the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; Margaret Formation), and they were taken in 2017 (BGR CASE 19 expedition). The data were generated to reconstruct the terrestrial paleovenvironment in this high-latitude setting. More information on the studied sections can be found elswhere (Reinhardt et al., 2022).
    Keywords: 17alpha,21beta-homohopane, δ13C; 17beta,21beta-homohopane, δ13C; 2-methyl hop-17(21)-ene/hop-17(21)-ene ratio; Biomarkers; Carbon, organic, total; Carbon Preference Index, n-Alkanes; CASE19; Diterpenoids, total, per unit mass total organic carbon; Element analyser CS, LECO; Ellesmere Island; Epoch; Gas chromatography - Isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-IRMS); Gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QQQ-MS); Hop-17(21)-ene, per unit mass total organic carbon; Hop-17(21)-ene, δ13C; Hopanoids; Hopene, total, per unit mass total organic carbon; Hydrogen index, mass HC, per unit mass total organic carbon; Isopimarane, per unit mass total organic carbon; Isopimarane, δ13C; Location; LR17_Stenkul_Fiord_earlyEocene; n-Alkane, average chain length; n-Alkane, sum, per unit mass total organic carbon; n-Alkane C25, δD; n-Alkane C27, δD; n-Alkane C29, δD; n-Alkane C31, δ13C; neohop-13(18)-ene, δ13C; Nor-Isopimarane, δ13C; OUTCROP; Outcrop sample; Oxygen index, mass CO2, per unit mass total organic carbon; PETM; Pyrolysis temperature maximum; Rock-Eval analysis; Sample ID; SECTION, height; Site; Stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes of plant-waxes; Stable carbon isotope (δ13C); Sulfur, total; δ Deuterium, n-alkanes; δ Deuterium, n-alkanes, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 781 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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