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  • 1
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    The University of North Carolina Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: The author casts new light on Hausen's lyrics by often favoring the manuscript readings. In the readings, irony emerges as a leading poetic device, as does the element of "Spiel". Questions arise regarding such concepts as "Gottesdienst", "Frauendienst", and "hohe Minne". Attrition is discussed as the possible motivation behind the "persona"'s decision to take the cross.
    Keywords: German Studies ; Literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Edward Elgar Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022-02-11
    Description: This chapter gives an overview of the European Semester (hereafter Semester). On the one hand, it maps out the history, elements and functioning of the Semester. On the other hand, it indicates how the Semester can be studied and understood. Apart from the legal aspects underpinning the coordination methods of the Semester, politics are relevant as well, as the Semester allows for exchanges between actors across governance levels. It makes the Semester a dynamic process with annually recurring governance processes and the ability to adapt both its content and procedures. Two key events may explain the design and implementation of the Semester in 2011. The first is the end of the Lisbon Strategy (2000–2010) and the ambition to make the subsequent Europe 2020 Strategy more successful.1 The second is the severe financial and economic crisis which started plaguing Europe in 2008. In the economic field, the Stability and Growth Pact rules should have kept Member States financially and economically healthy. However, in reality it had too little impact in terms of Member State compliance with the rules of maximum debt and expenditure. Therefore, EU leaders urged the strengthening of EU economic governance. This urgency was fed by the severity of the financial and economic crisis, which moreover demonstrated the interdependence of Member States. The financial instability of one country seemed to spill over easily to other countries. The idea behind stricter economic governance was increasing Member State compliance by strengthening already existing coordination cycles, and by implementing new coordination cycles. Additionally, all these coordination cycles, ranging from social to economic issues, have been placed within one framework: the European Semester. On the one hand, the Semester is nothing more than a period of about nine months in which all EU socio-economic coordination activities occur. It brings together existing EU socio-economic coordination cycles and builds on the rich knowledge the EU gained in decades of policy coordination. One example is the European Employment Strategy, which has been running since 1997. It is now part of the Europe 2020 Strategy. Also the Stability and Growth Pact has been running since 1997 and became part of the Semester in 2011. A third coordination mechanism is the newly created Macroeconomic Imbalances Procedure (MIP),3 which was implemented in 2011. On the other hand, we could see the Semester as a major step in EU governance.4 To understand why the Semester is an example of coordination innovation, but also to understand the pathway towards the implementation of the Semester, the next section describes the history of EU socio-economic coordination prior to the Semester.
    Keywords: KJ-KKZ ; Integration ; European Union ; European Union Politics ; European Union Law ; Governance ; Judicial politics
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The development and application of geochemical techniques to identify redox conditions in modern and ancient aquatic environments has intensified over recent years. Iron (Fe) speciation has emerged as one of the most widely used procedures to distinguish different redox regimes in both the water column and sediments, and is the main technique used to identify oxic, ferruginous (anoxic, Fe(II) containing) and euxinic (anoxic, sulfidic) water column conditions. However, an international sediment reference material has never been developed. This has led to concern over the consistency of results published by the many laboratories that now utilise the technique. Here, we report an interlaboratory comparison of four Fe speciation reference materials for palaeoredox analysis, which span a range of compositions and reflect deposition under different redox conditions. We provide an update of extraction techniques used in Fe speciation and assess the effects of both test portion mass, and the use of different analytical procedures, on the quantification of different Fe fractions in sedimentary rocks. While atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry produced comparable Fe measurements for all extraction stages, the use of ferrozine consistently underestimated Fe in the extraction step targeting mixed ferrous–ferric minerals such as magnetite. We therefore suggest that the use of ferrozine is discontinued for this Fe pool. Finally, we report the combined data of four independent Fe speciation laboratories to characterise the Fe speciation composition of the reference materials. These reference materials are available to the community to provide an essential validation of in‐house Fe speciation measurements.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: During surveys in central Florida of the zombie-ant fungus Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani, which manipulates the behavior of the carpenter ant Camponotus floridanus, two distinct fungal morphotypes were discovered associated with and purportedly parasitic on O. camponoti-floridani. Based on a combination of unique morphology, ecology and phylogenetic placement, we discovered that these morphotypes comprise two novel lineages of fungi. Here, we propose two new genera, Niveomyces and Torrubiellomyces, each including a single species within the families Cordycipitaceae and Ophiocordycipitaceae, respectively. We generated de novo draft genomes for both new species and performed morphological and multi-loci phylogenetic analyses. The macromorphology and incidence of both new species, Niveomyces coronatus and Torrubiellomyces zombiae, suggest that these fungi are mycoparasites since their growth is observed exclusively on O. camponoti-floridani mycelium, stalks and ascomata, causing evident degradation of their fungal hosts. This work provides a starting point for more studies into fungal interactions between mycopathogens and entomopathogens, which have the potential to contribute towards efforts to battle the global rise of plant and animal mycoses.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Hypocreales ; behaviour manipulation ; entomopathogenic fungi ; genomics ; mycoparasites ; new taxa ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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