ALBERT

Description: Multibeam bathymetry raw data using the ship's own Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder was almost continuously recorded during RV METEOR cruise M86/1c. Data were recorded on 11 days between 2011-12-12 and 2011-12-23. The approximate average depth of the entire dataset is around 3700m. The cruise took place between 2011-12-06 and 2011-12-23 in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean. The main aim of this cruise was the calibration of the multibeam systems of RV METEOR at Gettysburg seamount. The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. Ancillary sound velocity profiles (SVP) from the cruise are archived at the BSH, thus added to this dataset. Data analysis of the mulitbeam raw data reveled that SVP has been changed on several occasions during the cruise. This publication is conducted within the efforts of the German Marine Research Alliance in the core area "Data management and Digitalization" (Deutsche Allianz Meeresforschung, DAM). Data are unprocessed and therefore may contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) without further processing. Data can be processed e.g. with the open source software package MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, http://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system/, 2021).

Description: Water column raw data using the ship's own Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder was not continuously recorded during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM64. Data was recorded on 2 days between 2017-05-30 and 2017-05-31 to perform a Sea Acceptance Test of the system. The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. Ancillary sound velocity profiles (SVP) files from the cruise are archived at the BSH and added to the corresponding multibeam raw dataset https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.944239 This publication is conducted within the efforts of the German Marine Research Alliance in the core area 'Data management and Digitalization' (Deutsche Allianz Meeresforschung, DAM).

Description: Multibeam bathymetry raw data using the ship's own Kongsberg EM 712 multibeam echosounder was not continuously recorded during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM64. Data was recorded on 2 days between 2017-05-30 and 2017-05-31 to perform a Sea Acceptance Test of the system. This dataset contains a survey west of the coast of Ireland. The approximate average depth of the entire dataset is around 2900m. 44 additional sound velocity profiles derived were generated on board, however no multibeam echosounder data were acquired in the vicinity of these events. The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. Ancillary sound velocity profiles (SVP) files from the cruise are archived at the BSH, thus SVP files are added to this dataset. However, also data analysis of the multibeam raw data revealed that SVP has been changed during the survey. This publication is conducted within the efforts of the German Marine Research Alliance in the core area 'Data management and Digitalization' (Deutsche Allianz Meeresforschung, DAM). Data are unprocessed and therefore contains incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) without further processing. Note that refraction errors can be expected due to the lack of proper SVP. Overall, it appears that the data quality is partially good and partially bad since the gridded hillshade data showed relatively many fuzzy artifacts at the slant beams in the northern area of the survey, however the remaining survey in the southern area is mainly clear from artifacts. Data can be processed e.g. with the open source software package MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, http://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system/, 2022).

Description: Bathymetry data was acquired during R/V MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM44 in the northeastern Baffin Bay between 30.06.2015 and 30.07.2015. The cruise carried out multidisciplinary research in order to investigate the deglaciation history of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS). To research the involved ocean, cryosphere and climate processes and feedbacks and to address the complex spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the marine GIS terminations in the northeast Baffin Bay, RV MARIA S. MERIAN visited sites in the Davis Strait, the Uumannaq Trough, and the Melville Bay during expedition MSM44. The objectives were to systematically search for and map glacigenic seafloor features providing information on the maximum extend and retreat histories of ice sheets since the last glacial maximum and during the Holocene. Extensive mapping was conducted due to the fact, that several huge parts of Greenland's coast are only insufficiently mapped or completely uncharted and thus are barely reliable in concern of navigation and interpretation towards glacigenic features of the last ice ages. CI Citation: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de) as responsible party for bathymetry raw data ingest and approval. Description of processed data sources: During the MSM44 cruise, the hull-mounted KONGSBERG EM122 multibeam echosounder (MBES) was utilized to perform bathymetric mapping in medium to deep waters. Two linear transducer arrays in a Mills Cross configuration transmit acoustic signals of a nominal sonar frequency of 12 kHz. With 432 soundings per swath, the emission cone has a dimension of 150° across track and 2° along track. With a reception obtained from 288 beams, the actual beam footprint is 2° by 2°. Depending on the roughness of the seafloor and the water depth, the swath width on a flat bottom is maximum six times the water depth. For further information on the system, consult https://www.km.kongsberg.com/. The position and depth of the water column is estimated for each beam by using the detected two-way-travel time and the beam angle, ray-traced through the water column, utilizing a proper sound speed profile. Motion sensor data such as roll, pitch and heading as well as the time synchronization of the GPS clock and positioning via GPS were applied during data acquisition within the system, to ensure correct seafloor mapping. The multibeam surveys were generally run at 8 knots. During deep water surveys 〉500 m generally a swath angle of about 130° was used. In shallow water, the swath angles were set to a maximum of 150°. During the entire cruise two complete system break downs happened where a manual restart was performed. Responsible person during this cruise / PI: Laura Jensen & Simon Dreutter (simon.dreutter@awi.de) Description of data processing: Postprocessing and products were conducted by the Seafloor-Imaging & Mapping group of MARUM/FB5, responsible person Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de). The open source software MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, https://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system, 2017) was utilized for this purpose. Tide and a sound velocity profile were applied to the MSM44 data; there were no corrections for roll, pitch and heave. Using Mbeditviz, artefacts were cleaned manually. NetCDF (GMT) grids of the edited data as well as statistics were created with mbgrid. The published bathymetric EM122 grid of the cruise MSM44 has a resolution of 35 m. No total propagated uncertainty (TPU) has been calculated to gather vertical or horizontal accuracy. A higher resolution is, at least partly, achievable. The grid extended with _num represents a raster dataset with the statistical number of beams/depths taken into account to create the depth of the cell. The extended _sd -grid contains the standard deviation for each cell. The DTMs projections are given in Geographic coordinate system Lat/Lon; Geodetic Datum: WGS84. All grids produced are retrievable through the PANGAEA database (www.pangaea.de). Chief Scientist: Boris Dorschel CR: https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/awi%3Adoi~10.2312%252Fcr_msm44/ CSR: https://www2.bsh.de/aktdat/dod/fahrtergebnis/2013/20130053.htm

Description: Bathymetry data was acquired during R/V METEOR cruise M86/1c in the Northeast Atlantic between 06.12.2011 and 23.12.2011. The main aim was the calibration of the EM122 at Gettysburg seamount. CI Citation: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de) as responsible party for bathymetry raw data ingest and approval. Description of the data source: During the M86/1c cruise, the hull-mounted KONGSBERG EM122 multibeam echosounder (MBES) was utilized to perform bathymetric mapping in medium to deep waters. Two linear transducer arrays in a Mills Cross configuration transmit acoustic signals of a nominal sonar frequency of 12 kHz. With 432 soundings per swath, the emission cone has a dimension of 150° across track and 1° along track. With a reception obtained from 288 beams, the actual beam footprint is 1° by 2°. Depending on the roughness of the seafloor, the swath width on a flat bottom is generally maximum six times the water depth. For further information on the system, consult https://www.km.kongsberg.com/. The position and depth of the water column is estimated for each beam by using the detected two-way-travel time and the beam angle, ray-traced through the water column, utilizing a proper sound speed profile. During the M86/1c cruise the EM122 operated to map the Gettysburg seamount, while calibrating the EM122. Responsible person during this cruise / PI: Christian dos Santos Ferreira (cferreira@marum.de) Description of data processing: Postprocessing and products were conducted by the Seafloor-Imaging & Mapping group of MARUM/FB5, responsible person Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de). The open source software MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, https://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system, 2017) was utilized for this purpose. Tide corrections were applied to the M86/1c data; but corrections for roll, pitch, and heave were not necessary. The sound velocity profiles taken during the cruise were sufficient for the MBES data. Using Mbeditviz, artefacts were cleaned manually. NetCDF (GMT) grids of the edited data as well as statistics were created with mbgrid. The published bathymetric EM122 grid of the cruise M86/1c has a resolution of 35 m. No total propagated uncertainty (TPU) has been calculated to gather vertical or horizontal accuracy. A higher resolution is, at least partly, achievable. The grid extended with _num represents a raster dataset with the statistical number of beams/depths taken into account to create the depth of the cell. The extended _sd -grid contains the standard deviation for each cell. The DTMs projections are given in Geographic coordinate system Lat/Lon; Geodetic Datum: WGS84. All grids produced are retrievable through the PANGAEA database (www.pangaea.de). Chief Scientist: D. Quadfasel CSR: https://www2.bsh.de/aktdat/dod/fahrtergebnis/2011/20120064.htm

Description: Multibeam bathymetry raw data using the ship's own Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder was not continuously recorded during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM64. Data was recorded on 2 days between 2017-05-30 and 2017-05-31 to re-calibrate the system. This dataset contains a survey west of the coast of Ireland. The approximate average depth of the entire dataset is around 2900m. 43 additional sound velocity profiles derived were generated on board, however no multibeam echosounder data were acquired in the vicinity of these events. The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. Ancillary sound velocity profiles (SVP) files from the cruise are archived at the BSH, thus SVP files are added to this dataset. However, also data analysis of the multibeam raw data revealed that SVP has been changed during the survey. This publication is conducted within the efforts of the German Marine Research Alliance in the core area 'Data management and Digitalization' (Deutsche Allianz Meeresforschung, DAM). Data are unprocessed and therefore contains incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) without further processing. Note that refraction errors can be expected due to the lack of proper SVP. Overall, it appears that the data quality is rather good since the gridded hillshade data showed relatively few obstacles. Data can be processed e.g. with the open source software package MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, http://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system/, 2022).

Description: Water column raw data using the ship's own Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder was not continuously recorded during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM64. Data was recorded on 2 days between 2017-05-30 and 2017-05-31 to re-calibrate the system. The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. Ancillary sound velocity profiles (SVP) files from the cruise are archived at the BSH and added to the corresponding multibeam raw dataset https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.944237 This publication is conducted within the efforts of the German Marine Research Alliance in the core area 'Data management and Digitalization' (Deutsche Allianz Meeresforschung, DAM).

Description: Water column raw data using the ship's own Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder was almost continuously recorded during RV METEOR cruise M86/1c. Data were recorded on 11 days between 2011-12-12 and 2011-12-23. The approximate average depth of the entire dataset is around 3700m. The cruise took place between 2011-12-06 and 2011-12-23 in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean. The main aim of this cruise was the calibration of the multibeam systems of RV METEOR at Gettysburg seamount. The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. Ancillary sound velocity profiles (SVP) from the cruise are archived at the BSH, thus added to the corresponding multibeam raw dataset https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922983. Data analysis of those multibeam raw data reveled that SVP has been changed on several occasions during the cruise. This publication is conducted within the efforts of the German Marine Research Alliance in the core area "Data management and Digitalization" (Deutsche Allianz Meeresforschung, DAM). Data are unprocessed and therefore may contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) without further processing.

Description: This is the raw multibeam data collected during cruise MSM109 using the hull-mounted Multibeam Echosounder Kongsberg EM122 (2 by 2 degrees with ice window). This data collection includes the transits from Tromsø to the Svalbard region, the surveys, and the transit back to Reykjavík. The swath width was set to 130 degrees. New Sound Velocity Profiles are inserted into the acquisition software after every CTD station. A Surface Sound Velocity sensor was used in real time to correct the data transmission. Depth mode was set to auto. Data was logged using the .ALL format from Kongsberg Maritime. Water Column Data was also recorded and integrated into PANGAEA as separate dataset.