ALBERT

Description: Since joining INTERMANET in 2013, the Cheongyang Observatory(CYG) has been operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration. The CYG has continuously produced data observing the Earth's magnetic field. In order to improve and maintain quality of the proton magnetometer data, the magnetic field at the absolute measurement pillar was measured once a month using an optical pumping Cs-4He magnetometer, which is used as a magnetic field standard at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science. The 1-year average (2022) of the difference between the proton and Cs-4He magnetometer values at the absolute measurement pillar was –4.7 nT with a standard deviation of 0.2 nT. This kind of a comparison with a magnetic field standard, e.g., a Cs-4He magnetometer, operated on the basis of atomic magnetic resonance and verified through various ways for use as a standard, is necessary because the proton magnetometer typically measures the magnetic resonance of protons in kerosene samples. In the IAGA, the shielded proton gyromagnetic ratio, which is the proportional coefficient of the resonance frequency and magnetic field of the scalar proton magnetometer, is adopted from the CODATA and used. But the CODATA defines a pure water spherical sample, applying the value to a proton magnetometer using kerosene may cause a difference. In the conference, we will present an analysis of the comparison results between the two magnetometers including the temperature dependency.

Description: The near-earth radiation and plasma environment consists of diverse particle populations of different origins that often evolve dynamically over time and space, and span a broad energy range. Such an environment poses challenges from both science and space weather-impact perspectives. It brings about detrimental effects on spacecraft electronics, materials, and can pose a significant health challenge for life in space. As part of the COSPAR/ISWAT (International Space Weather Action Teams) initiative (https://www.iswat-cospar.org/g3), these environments fall into the G3 Cluster, which has intimate connections with other clusters (e.g., solar drivers and other aspects of geospace). The space weather impacts from populations of the near-Earth region include surface charging, internal charging, single event effects, total dose, polar cap absorption of high frequency radio communications, radiation effects on aviation, and impacts on future human activities in and/or traversing the region. In this presentation, we will review recent progress with regard to all these different particle populations and their modeling efforts and, to the degree possible, identify those with real-time or forecasting capabilities. We will discuss knowledge and modeling gaps and what is needed in further uniting science and end-user communities. We will list our recommendations for steps to be taken during the next 5-10 years so that better decision-making products and tools for end users can be achieved, while at the same time advancing scientific understanding.