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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Submarine hydrothermal systems along active volcanic ridges and arcs are highly dynamic, responding to both oceanographic (e.g., currents, tides) and deep-seated geological forcing (e.g., magma eruption, seismicity, hydrothermalism, and crustal deformation, etc.). In particular, volcanic and hydrothermal activity may also pose profoundly negative societal impacts (tsunamis, the release of climate-relevant gases and toxic metal(loid)s). These risks are particularly significant in shallow (〈1000m) coastal environments, as demonstrated by the January 2022 submarine paroxysmal eruption by the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano that destroyed part of the island, and the October 2011 submarine eruption of El Hierro (Canary Islands) that caused vigorous upwelling, floating lava bombs, and natural seawater acidification. Volcanic hazards may be posed by the Kolumbo submarine volcano, which is part of the subduction-related Hellenic Volcanic Arc at the intersection between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates. There, the Kolumbo submarine volcano, 7 km NE of Santorini and part of Santorini’s volcanic complex, hosts an active hydrothermal vent field (HVF) on its crater floor (~500m b.s.l.), which degasses boiling CO 2 –dominated fluids at high temperatures (~265°C) with a clear mantle signature. Kolumbo’s HVF hosts actively forming seafloor massive sulfide deposits with high contents of potentially toxic, volatile metal(loid)s (As, Sb, Pb, Ag, Hg, and Tl). The proximity to highly populated/tourist areas at Santorini poses significant risks. However, we have limited knowledge of the potential impacts of this type of magmatic and hydrothermal activity, including those from magmatic gases and seismicity. To better evaluate such risks the activity of the submarine system must be continuously monitored with multidisciplinary and high resolution instrumentation as part of an in-situ observatory supported by discrete sampling and measurements. This paper is a design study that describes a new long-term seafloor observatory that will be installed within the Kolumbo volcano, including cutting-edge and innovative marine-technology that integrates hyperspectral imaging, temperature sensors, a radiation spectrometer, fluid/gas samplers, and pressure gauges. These instruments will be integrated into a hazard monitoring platform aimed at identifying the precursors of potentially disastrous explosive volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides of the hydrothermally weakened volcanic edifice and the release of potentially toxic elements into the water column.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: A combined geochemical, mineralogical, petrographic and geological approach has allowed to constrain the dolomitization process responsible for the formation of massive dolomitic body within the Messinian evaporitic series. We focused our investigations on an example of massive dolomite body, outcropping over the marginal area of the evaporitic basin in the Peloritani Mountains (NE area of Sicily region, Italy). Field observations allowed recognizing several sedimentary structures, such as erosion surfaces, lenses of conglomerates and ripples highlighting a clastic origin. The petrographic study revealed fne-grained and massive structure, scarce porosity, light to pink color and absence of micro-fossils. The chondritenormalized trace element pattern shows a general enrichment in LREE and depletion in HREE. The isotopic signatures of the studied dolomites (δ18O=– 4.38–1.24‰, V-PDB; δ13C=– 1.48–1.94‰, V-PDB) are comparable with those of type-3 “Calcare di Base” which is the common reference to record the Messinian salinity crisis. The positive co-variant relationship between the δ18O and δ13C values suggests a dolomitization process in the seawater/freshwater mixing zone. The occurrence of the studied dolomites in the evaporitic sequence coupled with the results we gained point towards an origin from “early diagenetic” processes. As a consequence, a model explaining the genetic mechanism for the studied dolomitic rocks can be essentially summarized as: (1) the massive dolostones were originally deposited as evaporitic limestones under rather highsalinity conditions; (2) the dolomitization process occurred in the seawater/freshwater mixing zone that provided Mg-rich fuids over uplifted submarine masses.
    Description: Published
    Description: id 29
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: This paper aims to define the stability over the time of chemical elemental patterns in some citrus varieties of PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) and not PGI Interdonato and Lunario cultivars coming from Italy and Turkey and to set up a range of markers useful to trace their geographical origin. During the 2015–2017 growing seasons, all fruits were collected and subjected to Inductively Coupled Mass spectrom etry (ICP-MS) analysis, in order to determine the multielemental chemical profiles. The chemical variabil ity was calculated for each element by Multi-way analysis of variance. The results highlighted how the measured Cr, Ni, Al, K, Fe and Zn levels mainly depend on the soil composition and the fingerprint allow to trace the geographical origins. Moreover, the stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) has allowed to correctly classify the 100% of lemon pulps provenances, based on Ni, Al, K, Ca and Na con tents. Finally, our study demonstrates the role played by harvest years, variety and soils composition whose interaction contributed to define the chemical fingerprints.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2628-2639
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-02-23
    Description: New investigations carried out on lead stannate (Pb2SnO4) and lead antimonate (Pb2Sb2O7) in yellow mosaic glassy tesserae from archaeological sites of Sicily (Taormina; Lipari, Tusa and Piazza Armerina), dated early than the 4th century AD, allow to confirm the presence of lead stannate in ancient glass dated before the 4th century. The two compounds have been used either as glass opacifiers and colorants. The different refractive index between fine crystals of these compounds and the amorphous glassy matrix, in which they are immerged, prevent the complete light transmittance, giving the typical opaque appearance to the glass. While lead antimonate was used to produce opaque yellow glass from the beginning of glass production up to the Roman period, it was replaced by lead stannate from about the 4th century AD up to the end of the Roman period. Although until today only Lahil et al. (2011) reported the presence of lead stannate in the glass tesserae dated before the 4th century AD, our new results confirm its presence in the investigated yellow tesserae from several mosaics of Sicily dated early than the 4th century AD
    Description: Published
    Description: 31-44
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-03-29
    Description: During the autumn season, Sicily is often affected by severe weather events, such as self-healing storms called V-shaped storms. These phenomena cause significant total rainfall quantities in short time intervals in localized spatial areas. In this framework, this study analyzes the meteorological event recorded on 11–12 November 2019 in Sicily (southern Italy), using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a horizontal spatial grid resolution of 3 km. It is important to note that, in this event, the most significant rainfall accumulations were recorded in eastern Sicily. In particular, the weather station of Linguaglossa North Etna (Catania) recorded a total rainfall of 293.6 mm. The precipitation forecasting provided by the WRF model simulation has been compared with the data recorded by the meteorological stations located in Sicily. In addition, a further simulation was carried out using the Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation (FDDA) technique to improve the model capability in the event reproduction. In this regard, in order to evaluate which approach provides the best performance (with or without FDDA), the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and dichotomous indexes (Accuracy, Threat Score, BIAS, Probability of Detection, and False Alarm Rate) were calculated.
    Description: Published
    Description: 390
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: WRF model ; severe weather events ; Numerical Weather Prediction ; precipitation forecast ; FDDA
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-10-13
    Description: Submarine surveys, started in 2008 during the preliminary excavations preceding the construction of a new pier in the port of Lipari Island (Italy), brought to light the presence of large submerged remains, dated to the Roman age, in the base of typological features of the related pottery fragment styles. The archaeological discoveries included the find of structural elements - interpreted in the literature as part of a monumental building - located at the wharf terminal. Four of these structural elements, made up of volcanic rocks, which are now stored at the Lipari Museum, have been examined both from analytical and architectural points of view. To define the provenance of the rocks, petrographic and mineralogical investigations have been performed on the collected samples. The results obtained indicate that the rocks could be traced to the cordierite lava rocks outcropping at Fuardo Valley, in the SW area of the Lipari Island. The use of these rocks as building material was already attested for other artefacts found at Lipari and Messina (Sicily) and at Lamezia (Calabria), but no historical sources refer to any mining activities. However, the presence of working traces observable at Fuardo Valley and Pulera districts and the overall collected information suggest that the cordierite-lava flow was extensively used as stone quarry during historical times. From the stylistic point of view, the studied structural elements made with the Fuardo stone show architectural features that allowed defining them as column bases dating to the Roman Imperial age.
    Description: Published
    Description: 183-194
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-02-28
    Description: Terrestrial mud volcanoes (MVs) represent the surface expression of conduits tapping fluid and gas reservoirs in the deep subsurface. Such plumbing channels provide a direct, effective means to extract deep microbial communities fueled by geologically produced gases and fluids. The drivers accounting for the diversity and composition of these MV microbial communities, which are distributed over a wide geographic range, remain elusive. This study characterized the variation in microbial communities in 15 terrestrial MVs across a distance of 10 000 km on the Eurasian continent to test the validity of distance control and physiochemical factors in explaining biogeographic patterns. Our analyses yielded diverse community compositions with a total of 28 928 amplicon sequence variances (ASVs) taxonomically assigned to 73 phyla. While no true cosmopolitan member was found, 85% of ASVs were confined within a single MV. Community variance between MVs appeared to be higher and more stochastically controlled than within MVs, generating a slope of the distance–decay relationship exceeding those for marine seeps and MVs as well as seawater columns. For comparison, physiochemical parameters explained 12% of community variance, with the chloride concentration being the most influential factor. Overall, the apparent lack of fluid exchange renders terrestrial MVs a patchy habitat, with microbiomes diverging stochastically with distance and consisting of dispersal-limited colonists that are highly adapted to the local environmental context.
    Description: Published
    Description: 831–843
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-03-06
    Description: Geosphere is constantly crossed by fluid fluxes of varying flow velocity and chemical composition. The development of gas geochemistry techniques over the last 50 years allowed of gaining a significant understanding of gas accumulations, gas fluxes, and their geological sources. Although gas geochemistry is a relatively recent discipline of geochemistry, advancements over the last 2 decades in sampling, storage and analysis of gas samples have enabled gas geochemistry to emerge as a critical scientific tool for constraining processes occurring in the geosciences. Chemical and isotopic features of various gas species have provided critical information about their origin, source, migration, and accumulation in specific environments, making gas geochemistry a widely used tool in a variety of fields of geosciences, including environmental/climate problems, geohazards, origin and evolution of rocks, as well as biogeochemical processes involving microbial activity. Due to the economic relevance of hydrocarbons and hydrothermal gases, they have been investigated more intensively than other gas types since very early time. Additionally, advances in our understanding of unconventional gases such as shale and tight gas in recent decades, represent new applications for these gas-related approaches. Over the last half-century, scientists in the field of gas geochemistry have exchanged their findings/experiments at major international scientific conferences organized by the International Conference on Gas Geochemistry (ICGG), the Geochemical Society, the American Geophysical Union (AGU), the European Geosciences Union (EGU), the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), and the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI). Numerous applications of gas geochemistry in geology and the environment have been studied in recent years, and the present trend confirms that Earth and Environmental Sciences are the most promising domains for gas geochemistry applications. It is worth noting that advances in our understanding of noble/rare gas geochemistry are more closely tied to technology achievements than to fundamental geological knowledge. The current Research Topic has been devoted of compiling the most recent and pertinent experiences in the various domains of gas geochemistry. 23 papers presented but not limited in the 2019 ICGG meeting in Sicily have been accepted for publication. Hereby it is useful to report the list of published papers by date of publications and a keyword at the end in parentheses able to roughly identify the basic field of interest. In particular the paper by: (1) Qin et al. reported about Genetic Types, Distribution Patterns and Enrichment Mechanisms of Helium in China’s Petroliferous Basins (raw materials) (2) Xia et al. reported about The Characteristics of Organic Carbon in the Offshore Sediments Surrounding the Leizhou Peninsula, China (hydrocarbons) (3) Xiaobo et al. reported about Differences on Geochemical Characteristics and Their Implicating Significances of Nitrogen in Coal-Derived Gas and Oil-typed Gas in China (hydrocarbons) (4) Wu et al. reported about Inversion Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Gases Carbon Isotopes Varying With Temperature and Implications for Shale Exploration (hydrocarbons) (5) Longo et al. reported about Black Sea Methane Flares From the Seafloor: Tracking Outgassing by Using Passive Acoustics (hydrocarbons) (6) Nicula et al. reported about Geochemical Features of the Thermal and Mineral Waters From the Apuseni Mountains (Romania) (geothermics) (7) Melián et al. reported about Insights from Fumarole Gas Geochemistry on the Recent Volcanic Unrest of Pico do Fogo, Cape Verde (volcanic risk) (8) Nguyễn et al. reported about Radioactive Thoron 220Rn Exhalation From Unfired Mud Building Material Into Room Air of Earthen Dwellings (radioprotection in living environment) (9) Wang et al. reported about Potential Production of Carbon Gases and Their Responses to Paleoclimate Conditions: An Example From Xiaolongtan Basin, Southeast Tibetan Plateau (hydrocarbons) (10) Chen et al. reported about Factors Controlling Natural Gas Accumulation in the Southern Margin of Junggar Basin and Potential Exploration Targets (hydrocarbon) (11) Liang et al. reported about Preliminary Experimental Study of Methane Adsorption Capacity in Shale After Brittle Deformation Under Uniaxial Compression (hydrocarbons) (12) Ni et al. reported about Geochemical Comparison of the Deep Gases From the Sichuan and Tarim Basins, China (hydrocarbons) (13) Daskalopoulou et al. reported about Insight Into Hartoušov Mofette, Czech Republic: Tales by the Fluids (tectonophysics) (14) Gao et al. reported about Characteristics of Organic Matter and Biomarkers in Core Sediments From the Offshore Area of Leizhou Peninsula, South China Sea (hydrocarbons) (15) Cao et al. reported about The Paleoclimate Significance of the δ13C Composition of Individual Hydrocarbon Compounds in the Maoming Oil Shales, China (hydrocarbons) (16) Zhang et al. reported about Geochemical Characteristics of Gas and Flowback Water in Lake Facies Shale: A Case Study From the Junggar Basin, China (hydrocarbons) (17) Sun et al. reported about Soil Degassing From the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang Fault System at the Eastern Boundary of the Chuan–Dian Rhombic Block, Southwest China (tectonophysics) (18) Xiaowei et al. reported about Catalytic Hydrogenation of Post-Mature Hydrocarbon Source Rocks Under Deep- Derived Fluids: An Example of Early Cambrian Yurtus Formation, Tarim Basin, NW China (hydrocarbons) (19) Fu et al. reported about An Automatic System for Continuous Monitoring and Sampling of Groundwater Geochemistry in Earthquake-Prone Regions of SW Taiwan (tectonophysics) (20) Kim et al. reported about Short-Term Monitoring of Geogenic Soil CO2 Flux in a Non-Volcanic and Seismically Inactive Emission Site, South Korea (tectonophysics) (21) Sano et al. reported about Groundwater Anomaly Related to CCS-CO2 Injection and the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake in Japan (carbon capture and storage) (22) Siino et al. reported about Stochastic Models for Radon Daily Time Series: Seasonality, Stationarity, and Long-Range Dependence Detection (data processing) (23) Zafrir et al. reported about The Impact of Atmospheric and Tectonic Constraints on Radon-222 and Carbon Dioxide Flow in Geological Porous Media—A Dozen-Year Research Summary (tectonophysics)
    Description: Published
    Description: 936733
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-01-22
    Description: In September 2021, the La Fossa crater at Vulcano, in Italy, entered a new phase of unrest. We discuss a set of monitoring parameters included in the INGV surveillance network, which closely tracked the sequence of effects related to the crisis. The low-frequency local seismicity sharply increased, while the GPS and tiltmeter networks recorded the inflation of the cone, as an effect of fluid expansion in the hydrothermal system. Gravity variations were probably the effects of fast processes within shallow sources. The anomalies in soil CO2 flux, fumarole temperature, and in plume SO2 flux marked the strong increase in the vapor output from crater fumaroles. The signs of the impending crisis had been evident in the chemical and isotopic composition of fumarole gases since July 2021. These geochemical anomalies were clearly indicative of the enhanced input of gases from a magmatic source. In October, the massive degassing also influenced the areas at the base of the cone. In some areas, soil CO2 degassing and the thermal aquifer recorded strong anomalies. By early November, the crisis reached its acme. Afterward, the monitored parameters started a slow and discontinuous decreasing trend although remaining, some of them, sensibly above the background for several months. The multidisciplinary approach proved decisive for the interpretation of the underlying processes acting in the different phases of the unrest, thus allowing a consistent evaluation of the multiple hazards.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1405
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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