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  • Oxford University Press  (65)
  • GFZ Data Services  (48)
  • Frontiers Media SA  (40)
  • 2020-2024  (153)
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Year
  • 1
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    Biogenic Amines and Neuromodulation of Animal Behavior, 2nd Edition (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Since Erspamer and Boretti, 1951 first described the biogenic amine octopamine in the octopus salivary gland as a molecule with “adrenaline-like” action, decades of extensive studies demonstrated the important role octopamine and its precursor tyramine play in invertebrate physiology and behavior. This book contains the latest original research papers on tyramine/octopamine and their receptors in different neuronal and non-neuronal circuits of insects. 〈/p〉Additonally, this book elucidates in detail the latest research on the function of other biogenic amines and their receptors, such as dopamine and serotonin in insects and mice. The reviews in this book summarize the most recent research on the role of biogenic amines in insect antennae, synaptic development, and behavioral modulation by spontaneous dopamine release in Drosophila. Finally, one perspective paper discusses the evolution of social behavior and biogenic amines. 〈br〉〈br〉We recommend this book for all scholars interested in the latest advanced research on the role of biogenic amines in animal behavior. 〈br〉〈br〉ITS dedicates the topic to her teacher, Plotnikova Svetlana Ivanovna (1922-2013).
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; octopamine ; Apis mellifera ; olfactory learning and memory ; serotonin ; G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) ; type I and II synaptic boutons ; Drosophila ; neural circuits ; tyramine ; dopamine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Mechanical Loading and Bone (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This research topic is focused on recent advances in our understanding of effects of mechanical loading on the skeleton, and research methods used in addressing these. Though it is well established that mechanical loading provides an essential stimulus for skeletal growth and maintenance, there have been major advances recently in terms of our understanding of the molecular pathways involved, which are thought to provide novel drug targets for treating osteoporosis. The articles included in this topic encompass the full spectrum of laboratory and clinical research, and range from review articles, editorials, hypothesis papers and original research articles. Together, they demonstrate how mechanical loading underpins many aspects of bone biology, including the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis and other clinical disorders associated with skeletal fragility.
    Keywords: RC648-665 ; R5-920 ; mechanical loading ; bone architecture ; accelerometers ; osteoblast ; osteoporosis ; osteoclast ; fractures ; distraction osteogenesis
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Plant Phenotyping and Phenomics for Plant Breeding (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: As a consequence of the global climate change, both the reduction on yield potential and the available surface area of cultivated species will compromise the production of food needed for a constant growing population. There is consensus about the significant gap between world food consumption projected for the coming decades and the expected crop yield-improvements, which are estimated to be insufficient to meet the demand. The complexity of this scenario will challenge breeders to develop cultivars that are better adapted to adverse environmental conditions, therefore incorporating a new set of morpho-physiological and physico-chemical traits; a large number of these traits have been found to be linked to heat and drought tolerance. Currently, the only reasonable way to satisfy all these demands is through acquisition of high-dimensional phenotypic data (high-throughput phenotyping), allowing researchers with a holistic comprehension of plant responses, or ‘Phenomics’. Phenomics is still under development. This Research Topic aims to be a contribution to the progress of methodologies and analysis to help understand the performance of a genotype in a given environment.
    Keywords: QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; software development ; reverse phenomics ; forward phenomics ; phenotyping ; high-throughput phenotyping ; phenomics ; breeding ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Gut Health: The New Paradigm in Animal Production? (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Gut health and specifically the gut microbiome-host interaction is currently a major research topic across the life sciences. In the case of animal sciences research into animal production and health, the gut has been a continuous area of interest. Production parameters such as growth and feed efficiency are entirely dependent on optimum gut health. In addition, the gut is a major immune organ and one of the first lines of defense in animal disease. Recent changes in animal production management and feed regulations, both regulatory and consumer driven, have placed added emphasis on finding ways to optimize gut health in novel and effective ways. In this volume we bring together original research and review articles covering three major categories of gut health and animal production: the gut microbiome, mucosal immunology, and feed-based interventions. Included within these categories is a broad range of scientific expertise and experimental approaches that span food animal production. Our goal in bringing together the articles on this research topic is to survey the current knowledge on gut health in animal production. The following 15 articles include knowledge and perspectives from researchers from multiple countries and research perspectives, all with the central goal of improving animal health and production.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; SF600-1100 ; gut health ; production animals ; Swine ; Cattle ; Chickens ; microbiome ; mucosal immunity ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Chapter 4 Trial design (2021)
    Oxford University Press | Field Trials of Health Interventions, 3rd edition
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: Before new interventions can be used in disease control programmes, it is essential that they are carefully evaluated in “field trials”, which may be complex and expensive undertakings. Descriptions of the detailed procedures and methods used in trials that have been conducted in the past have generally not been published. As a consequence, those planning such trials have few guidelines available and little access to previously accumulated knowledge. In this book the practical issues of trial design and conduct are discussed fully and in sufficient detail for the text to be used as a “toolbox” by field investigators. The toolbox has now been extensively tested through use of the first two editions and this third edition is a comprehensive revision, incorporating the many developments that have taken place with respect to trials since 1996 and involving more than 30 contributors. Most of the chapters have been extensively revised and 7 new chapters have been added.
    Keywords: procedures ; methods ; field trials ; disease control ; interventions ; health ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Auditory Efferent System: New Insights from Cortex to Cochlea (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The main function of the sensory systems is the transducing of external stimuli into bioelectrical signals, which are conducted through afferent pathways from sensory epithelia to the brain. However, it is known that descending projections are ubiquitous in the different sensory modalities, and in the case of auditory efferents connect the cerebral cortex with sensory receptor cells. Several functions have been attributed to the efferent system, including protection to acoustic trauma, unmasking of auditory stimuli in background noise, balance of interaural sensitivity and some cognitive functions like modulation of cochlear sensitivity during selective attention to auditory or visual stimuli. In addition there is evidence of a possible involvement of the efferent system in the etiology or treatment of some clinical pathologies like tinnitus. In this e-book, entitled “Auditory Efferent System: New Insights from Cortex to Cochlea”, we aimed to give an overview of the advances concerning the descending projections from the auditory cortex to subcortical nuclei and the olivocochlear system. In addition, different theoretical proposals of efferent functions are presented. We think that this e-book is an important contribution to the understanding of the efferent system in mammals, merging auditory-cortex literature with studies performed in the olivocochlear system.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; alpha-9 nicotinic receptors ; descending projections ; auditory efferent ; Olivocochlear ; corticofugal ; Contralateral acoustic stimulation ; otoacoustic emissions ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Biological Engagement Programs: Reducing Threats and Strengthening Global Health Security Through Scientific Collaboration (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Biological engagement programs are a set of projects or activities between partner countries that strengthen global health security to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes. Engagement programs are an effective way to work collaboratively towards a common threat reduction goal, usually with a strong focus on strengthening health systems and making the world a safer place. Cooperative programs are built upon trust and sharing of information and resources to increase the capacity and capabilities of partner countries. Biological engagement programs reduce the threat of infectious disease with a focus on pathogens of security concern, such as those pathogens identified by the U.S. Government as Biological Select Agent and Toxins. These programs seek to develop technical or scientific relationships between countries to combat infectious diseases both in humans and animals. Through laboratory biorisk management, diagnostics, pathogen detection, biosurveillance and countermeasure development for infectious diseases, deep relationships are fostered between countries. Biological engagement programs are designed to address dual-use issues in pathogen research by promoting responsible science methodologies and cultures. Scientific collaboration is a core mechanism for engagement programs are designed to strengthen global health security, including prevention of avoidable epidemics; detection of threats as early as possible; and rapid and effective outbreak response. This Research Topic discusses Biological Engagement Programs, highlighting the successes and challenges of these cooperative programs. Articles in this topic outlined established engagement programs as well as described what has been learned from historical cooperative engagement programs not focused on infectious diseases. Articles in this topic highlighted selected research, trainings, and programs in Biological Engagement Programs from around the world. This Topic eBook first delves into Policies and Lessons Learned; then describes Initiatives in Biosafety & Biosecurity; the core of this work documents Cooperative Research Results from the field; then lastly the Topic lays out potential Future Directions to the continued success of the World’s cooperative science in reducing the threat of infectious diseases.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RA1-1270 ; QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; Infectious disease ; biosecurity ; Cooperative Biological Engagement ; select agents ; biosafety ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Zika Virus: What Have We Learnt Since the Start of the Recent Epidemic? (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The considerable number of viral infectious disease threats that have emerged since the beginning of the 21st century have shown the need to dispose global and coordinated responses to fight properly and efficiently against them. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003), avian influenza in humans (2005), A(H1N1) pandemic influenza (2009), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (2012 onward) and Ebola virus disease (2014-2015) are some of the most important examples. The latest emerging and devastating threat was Zika virus, an arbovirus that provoked more than 500,000 suspicious cases in the Americas in 2016 and notable processes of social and medical alarms due to the evidence of a causal link between Zika virus and several congenital injuries, like microcephaly, as well as due to its association with neurological disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults (PAHO, 2017). In the framework of this global response and multistrategic approach, the purpose of this Research Topic is to provide updated information and novel researches about control strategies, encompassing virological, entomological and epidemiological data, in order to reach the triad of protagonists of transmission cycles (virus, mosquitoes and humans).
    Keywords: RC346-429 ; R5-920 ; RA1-1270 ; QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; RC109-216 ; Public Health ; Mosquitoes ; Zika virus ; Arbovirus ; Microcephaly ; Epidemiology ; Flavivirus ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Chapter 12 Outcome measures and case definition (2021)
    Oxford University Press | Field Trials of Health Interventions, 3rd edition
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: Before new interventions can be used in disease control programmes, it is essential that they are carefully evaluated in “field trials”, which may be complex and expensive undertakings. Descriptions of the detailed procedures and methods used in trials that have been conducted in the past have generally not been published. As a consequence, those planning such trials have few guidelines available and little access to previously accumulated knowledge. In this book the practical issues of trial design and conduct are discussed fully and in sufficient detail for the text to be used as a “toolbox” by field investigators. The toolbox has now been extensively tested through use of the first two editions and this third edition is a comprehensive revision, incorporating the many developments that have taken place with respect to trials since 1996 and involving more than 30 contributors. Most of the chapters have been extensively revised and 7 new chapters have been added.
    Keywords: procedures ; methods ; field trials ; disease control ; interventions ; health ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Neuronal Stochastic Variability: Influences on Spiking Dynamics and Network Activity (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Stochastic fluctuations are intrinsic to and unavoidable at every stage of neural dynamics. For example, ion channels undergo random conformational changes, neurotransmitter release at synapses is discrete and probabilistic, and neural networks are embedded in spontaneous background activity. The mathematical and computational tool sets contributing to our understanding of stochastic neural dynamics have expanded rapidly in recent years. New theories have emerged detailing the dynamics and computational power of the balanced state in recurrent networks. At the cellular level, novel stochastic extensions to the classical Hodgkin-Huxley model have enlarged our understanding of neuronal dynamics and action potential initiation. Analytical methods have been developed that allow for the calculation of the firing statistics of simplified phenomenological integrate-and-fire models, taking into account adaptation currents or temporal correlations of the noise. This Research Topic is focused on identified physiological/internal noise sources and mechanisms. By "internal", we mean variability that is generated by intrinsic biophysical processes. This includes noise at a range of scales, from ion channels to synapses to neurons to networks. The contributions in this Research Topic introduce innovative mathematical analysis and/or computational methods that relate to empirical measures of neural activity and illuminate the functional role of intrinsic noise in the brain.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Balanced network ; Hodgkin-Huxley model ; neuronal variability ; Channel noise ; neural networks ; heterogeneity ; stochastic dynamics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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