ALBERT

Description: Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) exhibit the properties of gels and may enter the atmosphere as part of sea spray aerosol. Here, we report number concentrations of TEP (diameter〉 4.5 µm) in ambient aerosol (total suspended particles, TSP) and cloud water samples from the tropical Atlantic Ocean as well as in generated aerosol particles (PM10) using a plunging waterfall tank that was filled with the ambient sea water. Samples were taken during the MarParCloud: “Marine biological production, organic aerosol particles and marine clouds: a Process chain” campaign that took place from September 13th to October 13th 2017 at the Cape Verde archipelago Island Sao Vicente located in the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic (ETNA). Total suspended aerosol particle (TSP) for TEP analysis and PM10 sampling for sodium analysis was performed on top of a 30 m sampling tower of the CVAO. TSP were sampled with a filter sampler consisting of a filter holder equipped with a 0.2 µm pore-sized, acid-cleaned polycarbonate (PC) filter mounted to a pump. Sampling usually took place for 24 h and the flow of the pump was between 5 and 10 L min-1 and frequently measured with a flowmeter. Total volumes between 10 and 15 m3 were sampled. Cloud water was sampled on Mt. Verde, which is the highest point of the São Vicente Island (744 m), situated in the northeast of the Island (16°52.11ˈN, 24°56.02ˈW) and northwest to the CVAO. Bulk cloud water was collected using a compact Caltech Active Strand Cloudwater Collectors (CASCC2) equipped with acid cleaned Teflon®strands (508 µm diameter). Cloud droplets were caught on the strands and gravitationally channelled into an acid-precleared Nalgene bottle. TSP particles were sampled from a plunging waterfall tank experiment that consists of a 1400 L basin with a 500 L aerosol chamber on top. The bubble driven transport of organic matter was induced using a skimmer on a plunging waterfall. A stainless steel inlet was inserted in the headspace of the tank and connected with three filter holders for offline aerosol particle sampling without size segregation (TSP). The filter system for TEP analysis was equipped with a 0.2 µm pore-sized, acid-cleaned polycarbonate (PC) filter mounted to a pump. Sampling usually took place for ~ 24 h, the flow of the pump was between 5 and 10 L min-1 and frequently measured with a flowmeter. Total volumes between 9 and 10 m3 were sampled. The sampling procedure was therefore identical to the ambient TEP filter sampling. Another filter holder was equipped with a preheated 47 mm quartz fiber filter (Munktell, MK 360) for sodium analysis. The filters obtained from ambient and tank-generated TSP aerosol particle sampling and cloud water filtrations were stained with 3 mL of an Alcian blue stock solution stained (0.02 g Alcian blue in 100 mL of acetic acid solution, pH 2.5) for 5 s yielding an insoluble non-ionic pigment and afterward rinsed with milliQ water. For microscopic TEP analysis, abundance, area, and size-frequency distribution of TEP were determined using a light microscope (Zeiss Axio Scope A.1) connected to a camera (ColorView III). Filters were screened at 200× magnification. About 10 pictures were taken randomly from each filter in two perpendicular cross-sections (5 pictures each cross-section; dimension 2576 x 1932 pixel, 8-bit color depth). Images were then semi-automatically analyzed using ImageJ (Version 1.44). A minimum threshold value of 16 µm2 was set for particle size during particle analysis to remove the detection of non-aggregate material by the program. This resulted in a minimum particle size of 4.5 µm (assuming spherical particle). TEP number concentrations were converted to TEP volume concentrations. To this end, for atmospheric and for oceanic samples, particle number concentrations of TEP were extracted from the size distribution spectra and volume concentrations were calculated (assuming spherical particles). The analysis of sodium from PM10 samples was performed with ion chromatography and conductivity detection.

Description: Simultaneous measurements of free amino acids in seawater (underlying water, ULW, and sea surface microlyer, SML), size-segregated aerosol particle and cloud water samples at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) in the framework of the MarParCloud project with contribution of MARSU in September/October 2017. During this campaign, sampling of size-segregated aerosol particles at the CVAO (30 m sampling tower) and seawater sampling at the ocean site (~16°53ˈ30ˈN, ~24°54ˈ00ˈˈW) were performed. Additionally, aerosol sampler and cloud water sampler were installed at the mountain station on the top of the mountain 'Monte Verde (MV)' (744 m a.s.l.). The amino acid analysis includes glycine (Gly), L-alanine (Ala), L-serine (Ser), L-glutamic acid (Glu), L-threonine (Thr), L-proline (Pro), L-tyrosine (Tyr), L-valine (Val), L-phenylalanine (Phe), L-aspartic acid (Asp), L-isoleucine (Ile), L-leucine (Leu), L-methionine (Met), L-glutamine (Gln) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (purity ≥ 99 %, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA). The analytical measurements of the derivatized FAA, derivatization was performed using AccQ-Tag™ precolumn derivatization method (Waters, Eschborn, Germany), were performed with ultra high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI Orbtitrap-MS).

Description: Antarctic sea surface microlayer (SML) and bulk water samples were collected during the PI-ICE campaign from January until March 2019 at the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. SML samples were collected using the glass plate technique, corresponding bulk (subsurface) samples were collected by submerging a plastic bottle below the sea surface. Following chemical parameters were determined: dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), total chlorophyll-a, main inorganic ions (chloride, sulfate, sodium, etc.), dissolved free carbohydrates (DFCHO), dissolved combined carbohydrates (DCCHO) and particulate combined carbohydrates (PCCHO). DCCHO and DFCHO were measured from filtered (0.2 µm) seawater after a desalination using electro-dialysis and high-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). PCCHO were measured from filters (0.2 µm polycarbonate membrane). DFCHO, DCCHO and PCCHO were determined as the sum of individual monosaccharides (e.g. arabinose, glucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, muramic acid, galacturonic acid, etc.). More details about the analytical procedures can be found in the manuscript. These data were collected in order to improve the understanding of the sea-air transfer of carbohydrates in this pristine environment. A corresponding data set for size-resolved aerosol particles can be found under following doi number (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.927565).

Description: Size-resolved atmospheric particles were collected over the Southern Ocean west of the Antarctic Peninsula during the PI-ICE campaign (2019) using a five-stage low-pressure BERNER impactor. The size of the particles ranged between 50 nm and 10 µm. Sampling was conducted on board the Spanish research vessel B.I.O. Hespérides and at the research station Juan Carlos I located on Livingston Island. These aerosol particle samples were characterized on following chemical parameters: Particle mass concentration, inorganic ions, monosaccharides contained in polysaccharides after acid hydrolysis.

Description: Size-resolved atmospheric particles were collected in the Arctic during the PS 106 campaign (2017). For the collection of the aerosol particles, a five-stage low-pressure BERNER impactor was used. The size of the particles ranged between 50 nm and 10 µm. Sampling was conducted on board the German research vessel Polarstern. These aerosol particle samples were characterized on the inorganic ions (sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate and more). Sampling altitude: ca. 25 m above sea level.

Description: Arctic sea surface microlayer (SML) and bulk water samples were collected during the PASCAL campaign in the Fram Strait, Barents Sea and central Arctic Ocean on board the German icebreaker RV Polarstern from May until July 2017. SML samples were collected using the glass plate technique, corresponding bulk (subsurface) samples were collected at a defined depth of of 1 m, or at the bottoms of some closed melt ponds, using the telescopic rod method. Following types of water samples were diffentiated: ice-free ocean, leads/polynyas within the pack ice, the marginal ice zone (MIZ) and melt ponds. Following chemical parameters were determined: dissolved combined carbohydrates (DCCHO), particulate combined carbohydrates (PCCHO), pH, sodium, chloride, CDOM and particulate absorption. DCCHO concentrations were measured from filtered (0.2 µm) seawater after a desalination using electro-dialysis and high-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). PCCHO concentrations were measured from filters (0.2 µm polycarbonate membrane). DCCHO and PCCHO were determined as the sum of individual monosaccharides (e.g. arabinose, glucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, muramic acid, galacturonic acid, etc.). These data were collected to improve the understanding of the sea-air transfer of carbohydrates in this pristine environment. This data set is complimentary to previous measurements of the same samples published under following doi numbers: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899258 & https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899284

Description: This dataset comprises seawater data (bulk water and sea surface microlayer-SML) from the MarParCloud campaign performed at the Cape Verde island Sao Vicente at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) in September/October 2017.

Description: This dataset comprises seawater data (bulk water and sea surface microlayer-SML) from the MarParCloud campaign performed at the Cape Verde island Sao Vicente at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) in September/October 2017.

Description: This dataset comprises seawater data (bulk water and sea surface microlayer-SML) from the MarParCloud campaign performed at the Cape Verde island Sao Vicente at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) in September/October 2017.