Publication Date:
2024-02-21
Description:
Long-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated (NPAHs) and oxygenated (OPAHs) derivatives can cause adverse health effects due to their carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and oxidative potential. The distribution of PAH derivatives in the terrestrial environment has hardly been studied, although several PAH derivatives are ubiquitous in air and long-lived in soil and water. We report the multi-annual variations in the concentrations of NPAHs, OPAHs and PAHs in soils sampled at a semi-urban (Mokrá, Czech Republic) and a regional background site (Košetice, Czech Republic) in central Europe. The concentrations of the Σ〈sub〉18〈/sub〉NPAHs and the Σ〈sub〉11+2〈/sub〉OPAHs and O-heterocycles were 0.31 ± 0.23 ng g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and 4.03 ± 3.03 ng g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, respectively, in Košetice, while slightly higher concentrations of 0.54 ± 0.45 ng g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and 5.91 ± 0.45 ng g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, respectively, were found in soil from Mokrá. Among the 5 NPAHs found in the soils, 1-nitropyrene and less so 6-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene were most abundant. The OPAHs were more evenly distributed. The ratios of the PAH derivatives to their parent PAHs in Košetice indicate that they were long-range transported to the background site. Our results show that several NPAHs and OPAHs are abundant in soil and that gas-particle partitioning is a major factor influencing the concentration of several semi-volatile NPAHs and OPAHs in the soils. Complete understanding of the long-term variations of NPAH and OPAH concentrations in soil is limited by the lack of kinetic data describing their formation and degradation.
Description:
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004189
Description:
Czech Science Foundation
Description:
Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (CZ)
Description:
Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001823
Description:
Českomoravský Cement a.s.
Description:
Horizon 2020
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007601
Description:
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (2)
Keywords:
ddc:631.4
;
Polycyclic aromatic compounds, soil pollution
;
Nitrated PAHs
;
Soil exposure
;
Background
;
Temporal variation
Language:
English
Type:
doc-type:article
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