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  • Springer Nature  (5)
  • Cham :Springer International Publishing :  (3)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Copernicus
  • 2020-2024  (8)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Convergent Evolution : Animal Form and Function (2023)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Evolution (Biology). ; Zoology. ; Anatomy, Comparative. ; Physiology. ; Ecophysiology. ; Materials. ; Bionics. ; Evolutionary Biology. ; Zoology. ; Animal Anatomy. ; Animal Physiology. ; Ecophysiology. ; Bioinspired Materials.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Concept of Convergent Evolution and Its Relationship to the Understanding of Form and Function -- Odonatopteran Approaches to the Challenges of Flight: Convergence of Responses Subject to a Common Set of Morphological Constraints -- Digging Up Convergence in Fossorial Rodents: Insights into Burrowing Activity and Morpho-Functional Specializations of the Masticatory Apparatus -- Testing for Convergent Evolution in Baleen Whale Cochleae -- The Sacro-Iliac Joint of the Felidae and Canidae and Their Large Ungulate Prey: An Example of Divergence and Convergence -- Aquatic Feeding in Lissamphibia -- Convergence of Aquatic Feeding Modes in the Sauropsida (Crocodiles, Birds, Lizards, Snakes And, Turtles) -- Convergent Evolution of Secondarily Aquatic Feeding in Mammals -- Solutions to a Sticky Problem: Convergence of the Adhesive Systems of Geckos and Anoles (Reptilia: Squamata) -- Convergent Evolution of Animal Adhesive Pads -- Convergence of Arboreal Locomotor Specialization: Morphological and Behavioral Solutions for Movement on Narrow and Compliant Supports -- Convergent Evolution of Manual and Pedal Grasping Capabilities in Tetrapods -- Convergence in Gliding Animals: Morphology, Behavior, and Mechanics -- Convergence of Bipedal Locomotion: Why Walk or Run on Only Two Legs -- Aquatic Locomotion: Environmental Constraints That Drive Convergent Evolution -- Convergent Evolution of Attachment Mechanisms in Aquatic Animals -- Convergent Evolution: Theory and Practice for Bioinspiration -- Conclusion and Perspectives: What Convergent Evolution of Animal Forms and Functions Says About the Predictability of Evolution.
    Abstract: This volume presents a series of case studies, at different levels of inclusivity, of how organisms exhibit functional convergence as a key evolutionary mechanism resulting in responses to similar environmental constraints in mechanically similar ways. The contributors to this volume have selected and documented cases of convergent evolution of form and function that are perceived to be driven by environmental abiotic and/or biotic challenges that fall within their areas of expertise. Collectively these chapters explore this phenomenon across a broad phylogenetic spectrum. The sequence of chapters follows the organizational principle of increasing phylogenetic inclusivity, rather than the clustering of chapters by perceived similarity of the phenotypic features or biomechanical challenges being considered. This is done to maintain focus on the evolutionary phenomenon that is the primary subject matter of the book, thereby providing a basis for discussion among the readership about what is necessary and sufficient to justify the recognition of functional convergence. All chapters stress the need for integrative approaches for the elucidation of both pattern and process as they relate to convergence at various taxonomic levels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 594 p. 156 illus., 116 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031114410
    Series Statement: Fascinating Life Sciences,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11441-0
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11441-0
    DDC: 576.8
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    50 Years of Bat Research : Foundations and New Frontiers (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Zoology. ; Animal migration. ; Biodiversity. ; Conservation biology. ; Ecology . ; Physiology. ; Genetics. ; Zoology. ; Animal Migration. ; Biodiversity. ; Conservation Biology. ; Animal Physiology. ; Genetics and Genomics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction and implementation of harp traps signal a new era in bat research -- Chapter 2. Bats as Hosts of Important Unicellular Endoparasites -- Chapter 3. A global review of phylogeographic studies on bats -- Chapter 4. All the Better to Eat You With: The Legacy of James S. Findley’s Phenetic Approach to Bat Biology -- Chapter 5. Fur, wings, and flowers: development and progress on nectarivorous bat research in the last 50 years -- Chapter 6. The Winter Worries of Bats: Past and Present Perspectives on Winter Habitat and Management of Cave Hibernating Bats -- Chapter 7. Integrating physiological and behavioral traits with ontogeny, phylogenetic history, and survival and fitness to understand heterothermy in bats -- Chapter 8. Molecular biology in the evolution of bats: a historical perspective -- Chapter 9. Molecular biology in the evolution of bats: a historical perspective -- Chapter 10. The evolution of acoustic methods for the study of bats -- Chapter 11. Bats, Bat Flies, and Fungi: Exploring Uncharted Waters -- Chapter 12. Bats and the Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Resource Spatio-temporal Predictability (STP) -- Chapter 13. There and Back Again: Homing in Bats Revisited -- Chapter 14. A NASBR history of radiotelemetry–how technology has contributed to advances in bat biology -- Chapter 15. Bats Flying at High Altitudes -- Chapter 16. Contributions of Women and Creating a Culture of Inclusivity at the North American Society for Bat Research -- Chapter 17. Pioneers of bat habitat and resource selection -- Chapter 18. NASBR Origins 1970-2020: From an Informal Gathering to a Scientific Society -- Chapter 19. The Importance of Water Availability to Bats: Climate Warming and Increasing Global Aridity -- Chapter 20. Bats as reservoirs of viral zoonoses -- Chapter 21. Bats in temperate forests: where are the trends in bat populations? -- Chapter 22. How noise affects bats and what it reveals about their biosonar systems.
    Abstract: With more than 1,400 species, bats are an incredibly diverse and successful group of mammals that can serve as model systems for many unique evolutionary adaptations. Flight has allowed them to master the sky, while echolocation enables them to navigate in the dark. Being small, secretive, nocturnal creatures has made bats a challenge to study, but over the past 50 years, innovative research has made it possible to dispel some of the mystery and myth surrounding them to give us a better understanding of the role these animals play in the ecosystem. The structure of the book is based on several broad themes across the biological sciences, including the evolution of bats, their ecology and behavior, and conservation of biodiversity. Within these themes are more specific topics on important aspects of bat research, such as morphology, molecular biology, echolocation, taxonomy, systematics, threats to bats, social structure, reproduction, movements, and feeding strategies. Given its scope, the book will appeal to the wider scientific community, environmental organizations, and government policymakers who are interested in the interdisciplinary aspects of biology and nature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 374 p. 63 illus., 52 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030547271
    Series Statement: Fascinating Life Sciences,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54727-1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54727-1
    DDC: 590
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interdisciplinary Research for Sustainable Business : Perspectives of Women Business Scholars (2023)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Management. ; Economic geography. ; Personnel management. ; Law and economics. ; Business ethics. ; Management. ; Economic Geography. ; Human Resource Management. ; Law and Economics. ; Business Ethics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 -- Introduction. Chapter 2 -- Thinking with care: Exploring interdisciplinarity in a global research project. Chapter 3 -- A trust perspective on interdisciplinary work. Chapter 4 -- Companies and Unconscious Bias: A case study on the need for interdisciplinary scholarship. Chapter 5 -- Making the Case for Case Studies in Empirical Legal Research. Chapter 6 -- An Unsustainable Connection: ‘Law and Economics’ and Corporate Law. Chapter 7 -- Interdisciplinary Research in Law: A Case Study. Chapter 8 -- A social network analysis methodology to unveil the interconnectivity between EU business and financial market law and its role for sustainable development. Chapter 9 -- The Global and Trans-systemic Rise of Social Enterprise and Hybrid Business Law. Chapter 10 -- A Grounded Company: Ethics, Identity, and the Privately Owned Corporation. Chapter 11 -- Methodologies for integrating different disciplines in the sustainability assessment. Chapter 12 -- Artificial intelligence as intermediary: consequences for analysis of regulation of business. Chapter 13 -- Investing in the Planetary Boundaries? Analyzing Sustainable Investments of Sovereign Wealth Funds. Chapter 14 -- Transferring interdisciplinary sustainability research to practice: Barriers and solutions to the practitioner-academic gap. Chapter 15 -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: This volume brings together contributions from women business scholars from a range of disciplines and countries. The starting point was a collaborative research meeting organised by Daughters of Themis: International Network of Female Business Scholars in June 2017. The volume highlights the difficulties and the possibilities that lie in working together across disciplines with the aim of achieving corporate sustainability. The volume is written from the perspective of women business scholars, thereby offering outside viewpoints in fields that still are very much dominated by men, and fresh insights and innovate ideas. In three main parts, the authors address the need for interdisciplinarity in research to identify ways to ensure the contribution of business to sustainability, showcasing a number of theoretical and applied approaches for researching sustainable business. The volume ‘s introductory chapter situates the volume in discourses of sustainability and corporate sustainability. It presents the Daughters of Themis Network and provides a short description of the successive eleven chapters. In Part I, Reflections, contributors discuss the significance of interdisciplinary research, how to work across disciplines, as well as the challenges of doing so. In Part II, Theory, contributors discuss theoretical and methodological aspects of interdisciplinary research. Part III presents the Practice of interdisciplinary research. In the introductory chapter, the editors reflect on the insights that can be drawn out of the contributions, and discuss the potential for future developments of interdisciplinary research for sustainability, as well as how interdisciplinary research can be communicated. The book is intended for business scholars, and will particularly appeal to those working in law, accountancy and finance, management, and organization studies. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 252 p. 11 illus., 9 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031069246
    Series Statement: Strategies for Sustainability,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06924-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06924-6
    DDC: 658
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Chapter Developing a Model to Simulate the Effect of Hypothermia on Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism (2022)
    Springer Nature | Oxygen Transport to Tissue XLI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant cause of death and neurological disability in newborns. Therapeutic hypothermia at 33.5 °C is one of the most common treatments in HIE and generally improves outcome; however 45–55% of injuries still result in death or severe neurodevelopmental disability. We have developed a systems biology model of cerebral oxygen transport and metabolism to model the impact of hypothermia on the piglet brain (the neonatal preclinical animal model) tissue physiology. This computational model is an extension of the BrainSignals model of the adult brain. The model predicts that during hypothermia there is a 5.1% decrease in cerebral metabolism, 1.1% decrease in blood flow and 2.3% increase in cerebral tissue oxygenation saturation. The model can be used to simulate effects of hypothermia on the brain and to help interpret bedside recordings.
    Keywords: Broadband NIRS, Hypothermia, Systems biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Understanding Willing Participants, Volume 2 (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Horrified by the Holocaust, social psychologist Stanley Milgram wondered if he could recreate the Holocaust in the laboratory setting. Unabated for more than half a century, his (in)famous results have continued to intrigue scholars. Based on unpublished archival data from Milgram’s personal collection, volume one of this two-volume set introduces readers to a behind the scenes account showing how during Milgram’s unpublished pilot studies he step-by-step invented his official experimental procedure—how he gradually learnt to transform most ordinary people into willing inflictors of harm. The open access volume two then illustrates how certain innovators within the Nazi regime used the very same Milgram-like learning techniques that with increasing effectiveness gradually enabled them to also transform most ordinary people into increasingly capable executioners of other men, women, and children. Volume two effectively attempts to capture how step-by-step these Nazi innovators attempted to transform the Führer’s wish of a Jewish-free Europe into a frightening reality. By the books’ end the reader will gain an insight into how the seemingly undoable can become increasingly doable.
    Keywords: Psychology ; Personality ; Social psychology ; Psychology ; World War, 1939-1945 ; Psychology—Methodology ; Psychological measurement ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMB Psychological methodology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMS Psychology: the self, ego, identity, personality ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Anti-spike antibody response to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-29
    Description: Understanding the trajectory, duration, and determinants of antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection can inform subsequent protection and risk of reinfection, however large-scale representative studies are limited. Here we estimated antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population using representative data from 7,256 United Kingdom COVID-19 infection survey participants who had positive swab SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests from 26-April-2020 to 14-June-2021. A latent class model classified 24% of participants as ‘non-responders’ not developing anti-spike antibodies, who were older, had higher SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold values during infection (i.e. lower viral burden), and less frequently reported any symptoms. Among those who seroconverted, using Bayesian linear mixed models, the estimated anti-spike IgG peak level was 7.3-fold higher than the level previously associated with 50% protection against reinfection, with higher peak levels in older participants and those of non-white ethnicity. The estimated anti-spike IgG half-life was 184 days, being longer in females and those of white ethnicity. We estimated antibody levels associated with protection against reinfection likely last 1.5-2 years on average, with levels associated with protection from severe infection present for several years. These estimates could inform planning for vaccination booster strategies.
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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    Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for acute myeloid leukemia (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-29
    Description: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy with an undefined heritable risk. Here we perform a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies, with replication in a fourth study, incorporating a total of 4018 AML cases and 10488 controls. We identify a genome-wide significant risk locus for AML at 11q13.2 (rs4930561; P = 2.15 × 10−8; KMT5B). We also identify a genome-wide significant risk locus for the cytogenetically normal AML sub-group (N = 1287) at 6p21.32 (rs3916765; P = 1.51 × 10−10; HLA). Our results inform on AML etiology and identify putative functional genes operating in histone methylation (KMT5B) and immune function (HLA).
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    Differential power of placebo across major psychiatric disorders: a preliminary meta-analysis and machine learning study (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-29
    Description: The placebo effect across psychiatric disorders is still not well understood. In the present study, we conducted meta-analyses including meta-regression, and machine learning analyses to investigate whether the power of placebo effect depends on the types of psychiatric disorders. We included 108 clinical trials (32,035 participants) investigating pharmacological intervention effects on major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). We developed measures based on clinical rating scales and Clinical Global Impression scores to compare placebo effects across these disorders. We performed meta-analysis including meta-regression using sample-size weighted bootstrapping techniques, and machine learning analysis to identify the disorder type included in a trial based on the placebo response. Consistently through multiple measures and analyses, we found differential placebo effects across the three disorders, and found lower placebo effect in SCZ compared to mood disorders. The differential placebo effects could also distinguish the condition involved in each trial between SCZ and mood disorders with machine learning. Our study indicates differential placebo effect across MDD, BD, and SCZ, which is important for future neurobiological studies of placebo effects across psychiatric disorders and may lead to potential therapeutic applications of placebo on disorders more responsive to placebo compared to other conditions.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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