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  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Humans
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
  • Physics
  • SPACE VEHICLES
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
  • 2020-2024  (3)
  • 1900-1904  (1)
  • 1
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Echolocation has evolved in different groups of animals, from bats and cetaceans to birds and humans, and enables localization and tracking of objects in a dynamic environment, where light levels may be very low or absent. Nature has shaped echolocation, an active sense that engages audiomotor feedback systems, which operates in diverse environments and situations. Echolocation production and perception vary across species, and signals are often adapted to the environment and task. In the last several decades, researchers have been studying the echolocation behavior of animals, both in the air and underwater, using different methodologies and perspectives. The result of these studies has led to rich knowledge on sound production mechanisms, directionality of the sound beam, signal design, echo reception and perception. Active control over echolocation signal production and the mechanisms for echo processing ultimately provide animals with an echoic scene or image of their surroundings. Sonar signal features directly influence the information available for the echolocating animal to perceive images of its environment. In many echolocating animals, the information processed through echoes elicits a reaction in motor systems, including adjustments in subsequent echolocation signals. We are interested in understanding how echolocating animals deal with different environments (e.g. clutter, light levels), tasks, distance to targets or objects, different prey types or other food sources, presence of conspecifics or certain predators, ambient and anthropogenic noise. In recent years, some researchers have presented new data on the origins of echolocation, which can provide a hint of its evolution. Theoreticians have addressed several issues that bear on echolocation systems, such as frequency or time resolution, target localization and beam-forming mechanisms. In this Research Topic we compiled recent work that elucidates how echolocation – from sound production, through echolocation signals to perception- has been shaped by nature functioning in different environments and situations. We strongly encouraged comparative approaches that would deepen our understanding of the processes comprising this active sense.
    Keywords: QP1-981 ; Q1-390 ; bats ; Biosonar ; Humans ; marine mammals ; sensory biology ; Birds ; Behavior ; Communication ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and its partners develop implementation plans to meet water quality standards. Climate change and other key drivers may significantly affect these plans, but are often neglected due to uncertainty. This study uses two case studies to demonstrate how Robust Decision Making (RDM) can help to address future uncertainty by identifying vulnerabilities in water quality plans and suggesting appropriate responses.
    Keywords: Political Science ; History ; Mathematics ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBK Calculus and mathematical analysis::PBKD Complex analysis, complex variables ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy and protocols ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology and climatology
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: In the spring of 2011, a diverse group of scientists gathered at Cornell University to discuss their research into the nature and origin of biological information. This symposium brought together experts in information theory, computer science, numerical simulation, thermodynamics, evolutionary theory, whole organism biology, developmental biology, molecular biology, genetics, physics, biophysics, mathematics, and linguistics. This volume presents new research by those invited to speak at the conference. The contributors to this volume use their wide-ranging expertise in the area of biological information to bring fresh insights into the many explanatory difficulties associated with biological information. These authors raise major challenges to the conventional scientific wisdom, which attempts to explain all biological information exclusively in terms of the standard mutation/selection paradigm. Several clear themes emerged from these research papers: 1) Information is indispensable to our understanding of what life is; 2) Biological information is more than the material structures that embody it; 3) Conventional chemical and evolutionary mechanisms seem insufficient to fully explain the labyrinth of information that is life. By exploring new perspectives on biological information, this volume seeks to expand, encourage, and enrich research into the nature and origin of biological information. Contents: Session One — Information Theory & Biology: Introductory Comments (Robert J Marks II): Biological Information — What is It? (Werner Gitt, Robert Compton and Jorge Fernandez) A General Theory of Information Cost Incurred by Successful Search (William A Dembski, Winston Ewert and Robert J Marks II) Pragmatic Information (John W Oller, Jr) Limits of Chaos and Progress in Evolutionary Dynamics (William F Basener) Tierra: The Character of Adaptation (Winston Ewert, William A Dembski and Robert J Marks II) Multiple Overlapping Genetic Codes Profoundly Reduce the Probability of Beneficial Mutation (George Montañez, Robert J Marks II, Jorge Fernandez and John C Sanford) Entropy, Evolution and Open Systems (Granville Sewell) Information and Thermodynamics in Living Systems (Andy C McIntosh) Session Two — Biological Information and Genetic Theory: Introductory Comments (John C Sanford): Not Junk After All: Non-Protein-Coding DNA Carries Extensive Biological Information (Jonathan Wells) Can Purifying Natural Selection Preserve Biological Information? (Paul Gibson, John R Baumgardner, Wesley H Brewer and John C Sanford) Selection Threshold Severely Constrains Capture of Beneficial Mutations (John C Sanford, John R Baumgardner and Wesley H Brewer) Using Numerical Simulation to Test the “Mutation-Count” Hypothesis (Wesley H Brewer, John R Baumgardner and John C Sanford) Can Synergistic Epistasis Halt Mutation Accumulation? Results from Numerical Simulation (John R Baumgardner, Wesley H Brewer and John C Sanford) Computational Evolution Experiments Reveal a Net Loss of Genetic Information Despite Selection (Chase W Nelson and John C Sanford) Information Loss: Potential for Accelerating Natural Genetic Attenuation of RNA Viruses (Wesley H Brewer, Franzine D Smith and John C Sanford) DNA.EXE: A Sequence Comparison between the Human Genome and Computer Code (Josiah Seaman) Biocybernetics and Biosemiosis (Donald Johnson) Session Three — Theoretical Molecular Biology: Introductory Comments (Michael J Behe): An Ode to the Code: Evidence for Fine-Tuning in the Standard Codon Table (Jed C Macosko and Amanda M Smelser) A New Model of Intracellular Communication Based on Coherent, High-Frequency Vibrations in Biomolecules (L Dent) Getting There First: An Evolutionary Rate Advantage for Adaptive Loss-of-Function Mutations (Michael J Behe) The Membrane Code: A Carrier of Essential Biological Information That is Not Specified by DNA and is Inherited Apart from It (Jonathan Wells) Explaining Metabolic Innovation: Neo-Darwinism Versus Design (Douglas D Axe and Ann K Gauger) Session Four — Biological Information and Self-Organizational Complexity Theory: Introductory Comments (Bruce L Gordon): Evolution Beyond Entailing Law: The Roles of Embodied Information and Self Organization (Stuart Kauffman) Towards a General Biology: Emergence of Life and Information from the Perspective of Complex Systems Dynamics (Bruce H Weber) Readership: Academics, researchers, postgraduates and advanced undergraduates in bioinformatics. Biologists, mathematicians/statisticians, physicists and computer scientists.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; Molecular Biology ; Mutation/Selection Paradigm ; Numerical Simulation ; Mathematics ; Biophysics ; Physics ; Thermodynamics ; Information Theory ; Evolutionary Theory ; Computer Science ; Linguistics ; Genetics ; Developmental Biology ; Biological Information ; Whole Organism Biology ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Strain response of simply supported structural beams to point and acoustic loading
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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