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  • Q1-390  (33)
  • 2020-2024  (33)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 2020-2024  (33)
  • 1945-1949
Year
  • 1
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    Fragmentation in Sleep and Mind: Linking Dissociative Symptoms, Sleep, and Memory (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Fragmented, dissociated consciousness can characterize the mind in both wake and sleep states. Dissociative symptoms, during sleep, include vivid dreaming, nightmares, and alterations in objective sleep parameters (e.g., lengthening of REM sleep). During waking hours, dissociative symptoms exhibit disparate characteristics encompassing memory problems, excessive daydreaming, absentmindedness, and impairments and discontinuities in perceptions of the self, identity, and the environment. Llewellyn has theorized that a progressive and enduring de-differentiation of wake and dream states of consciousness eventually results in schizophrenia; a lesser degree of de-differentiation may have implications for dissociative symptoms. Against a background of de-differentiation between the dream and wake states, the papers in this volume link consciousness, memory, and mental illness with a special interest for dissociative symptoms.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC435-571 ; BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; state de-differentiation ; Sleep ; dissociation ; Memory ; Psychopathology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Models of Reference (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: To communicate, speakers need to make it clear what they are talking about. Referring expressions play a crucial part in achieving this, by anchoring utterances to things. Examples of referring expressions include noun phrases such as “this phenomenon”, “it” and “the phenomenon to which this Topic is devoted”. Reference is studied throughout the Cognitive Sciences (from philosophy and logic to neuro-psychology, computer science and linguistics), because it is thought to lie at the core of all of communication. Recent years have seen a new wave of work on models of referring, as witnessed by a number of recent research projects, books, and journal Special Issues. The Research Topic “Models of Reference” in Frontiers in Psychology is a new milestone, focusing on contributions from Psycholinguistics and Computational Linguistics. The articles in it are concerned with such issues as audience design, overspecification, visual perception, and variation between speakers.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Over-specification ; Variation between Speakers ; referring expressions ; Computational models ; audience design ; Visual Perception ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Neuromorphic Engineering Systems and Applications (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neuromorphic engineering has just reached its 25th year as a discipline. In the first two decades neuromorphic engineers focused on building models of sensors, such as silicon cochleas and retinas, and building blocks such as silicon neurons and synapses. These designs have honed our skills in implementing sensors and neural networks in VLSI using analog and mixed mode circuits. Over the last decade the address event representation has been used to interface devices and computers from different designers and even different groups. This facility has been essential for our ability to combine sensors, neural networks, and actuators into neuromorphic systems. More recently, several big projects have emerged to build very large scale neuromorphic systems. The Telluride Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 1994) and the CapoCaccia Cognitive Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 2009) have been instrumental not only in creating a strongly connected research community, but also in introducing different groups to each other’s hardware. Many neuromorphic systems are first created at one of these workshops. With this special research topic, we showcase the state-of-the-art in neuromorphic systems.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; neuromorphic engineering ; Learning ; Floating gate ; Neural Network ; spike-based ; event-based ; simulation ; dynamic vision sensor ; network ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Turning the Mind's Eye Inward: The Interplay between Selective Attention and Working Memory (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Historically, cognitive sciences have considered selective attention and working memory as largely separated cognitive functions. That is, selective attention as a concept is typically reserved for the processes that allow for the prioritization of specific sensory input, while working memory entails more central structures for maintaining (and operating on) temporary mental representations. However, over the last decades various observations have been reported that question such sharp distinction. Most importantly, information stored in working memory has been shown to modulate selective attention processing – and vice versa. At the theoretical level, these observations are paralleled by an increasingly dominant focus on working memory as (involving) the attended part of long-term memory, with some positions considering that working memory is equivalent to selective attention turned to long-term memory representations – or internal selective attention. This questions the existence of working memory as a dedicated cognitive function and raises the need for integrative accounts of working memory and attention. The next step will be to explore the precise implications of attentional accounts of WM for the understanding of specific aspects and characteristics of WM, such as serial order processing, its modality-specificity, its capacity limitations, its relation with executive functions, as well as the nature of attentional mechanisms involved. This research topic in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience aims at bringing together the latest insights and findings about the interplay between working memory and selective attention.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; spatial attention ; working memory ; executive attention ; Internal attention ; short-term memory ; selective attention ; serial order ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Gram-positive phages: From isolation to application (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Phage biology is one of the most significant and fundamental aspects of biological research and is often used as a platform for model studies relating to more complex biological entities. For this reason, phage biology has enjoyed focused attention and significant advances have been made in the areas of phage genomics, transcriptomics and the development and characterisation of phage-resistance mechanisms. In recent years, considerable research has been performed to increase our understanding of the interactions of these phages with their hosts using genomic, biochemical and structural approaches. Such multidisciplinary approaches are core to developing a full understanding of the processes that govern phage infection, information that may be harnessed to develop anti-phage strategies that may be applied in food fermentations or applied in a positive sense in phage therapy applications. The co-evolutionary processes of these phages and their hosts have also been a considerable focus of research in recent years. Such data has promoted a deeper understanding of the means by which these phages attach to and infect their hosts and permitted the development of effective anti-phage strategies. Furthermore, the presence and activity of host-encoded phage-resistance systems that operate at various stages of the phage cycle and the potential for the application of such systems consolidates the value of research in this area. Conversely, phages and their components have been applied as therapeutic agents against a number of pathogens including, among others, Clostridium difficile, Lactococcus garviae, Mycobacterium spp., Listeria spp. and the possibilities and limitations of these systems will be explored in this topic. Additionally, phage therapeutic approaches have been applied to the prevention of development of food spoilage organisms in the brewing and beverage sectors and exhonorate the positive applications of phages in the industrial setting. This research topic is aimed to address the most current issues as well as the most recent advances in the research of phages infecting Gram-positive bacteria covering areas such as phages in food fermentations, their impact in industry, phage ecology, genomics, evolution, structural analysis, phage-host interactions and the application of phages and components thereof as therapeutic agents against human and animal pathogens.
    Keywords: QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; Lactic acid bacteria ; food fermentation ; phage therapy ; Phage-host interactions ; phages ; dairy industry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Recent advances and the future generation of neuroinformatics infrastructure (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The huge volume of multi-modal neuroimaging data across different neuroscience communities has posed a daunting challenge to traditional methods of data sharing, data archiving, data processing and data analysis. Neuroinformatics plays a crucial role in creating advanced methodologies and tools for the handling of varied and heterogeneous datasets in order to better understand the structure and function of the brain. These tools and methodologies not only enhance data collection, analysis, integration, interpretation, modeling, and dissemination of data, but also promote data sharing and collaboration. This Neuroinformatics Research Topic aims to summarize the state-of-art of the current achievements and explores the directions for the future generation of neuroinformatics infrastructure. The publications present solutions for data archiving, data processing and workflow, data mining, and system integration methodologies. Some of the systems presented are large in scale, geographically distributed, and already have a well-established user community. Some discuss opportunities and methodologies that facilitate large-scale parallel data processing tasks under a heterogeneous computational environment. We wish to stimulate on-going discussions at the level of the neuroinformatics infrastructure including the common challenges, new technologies of maximum benefit, key features of next generation infrastructure, etc. We have asked leading research groups from different research areas of neuroscience/neuroimaging to provide their thoughts on the development of a state of the art and highly-efficient neuroinformatics infrastructure. Such discussions will inspire and help guide the development of a state of the art, highly-efficient neuroinformatics infrastructure.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; database ; neuroinformatics ; workflow ; infrastructure ; high-throughput ; data processing ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Advances in Mechanical Problems of Functionally Graded Materials and Structures (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The book deals with novel aspects and perspectives in functionally graded materials (FGMs), which are advanced engineering materials designed for a specific performance or function with spatial gradation in structure and/or composition. The contributions mainly focus on numerical simulations of mechanical properties and the behavior of FGMs and FGM structures. Several advancements in numerical simulations that are particularly useful for investigations on FGMs have been proposed and demonstrated in this Special Issue. Such proposed approaches provide incisive methods to explore and predict the mechanical and structural characteristics of FGMs subjected to thermoelectromechanical loadings under various boundary and environmental conditions. The contributions have resulted in enhanced activity regarding the prediction of FGM properties and global structural responses, which are of great importance when considering the potential applications of FGM structures. Furthermore, the presented scientific scope is, in some way, an answer to the continuous demand for FGM structures, and opens new perspectives for their practical use.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Q1-390 ; power-law distribution ; evanescent wave ; flow theory of plasticity ; free vibration characteristics ; neural networks ; geometrically nonlinear analysis ; finite element method ; stress concentration factor ; inhomogeneous composite materials ; circular plate ; porous materials ; minimum module approximation method ; ANFIS ; electroelastic solution ; functionally graded piezoelectric materials ; Love wave ; polynomial approach ; stepped FG paraboloidal shell ; material design ; damping coefficient ; spring stiffness technique ; Lamb wave ; pure bending ; general edge conditions ; residual stress ; graded finite elements ; large strain ; non-linear buckling analysis ; orthogonal stiffener ; combined mechanical loads ; functionally graded piezoelectric-piezomagnetic material ; functionally graded beams ; attenuation ; failure and damage ; analytical solution ; functionally graded materials ; elastoplastic analysis ; elastic foundation ; hollow disc ; different moduli in tension and compression ; external pressure ; functional graded saturated material ; bimodulus ; fuzzy logic ; truncated conical sandwich shell ; quadratic solid–shell elements ; functionally graded viscoelastic material ; finite element analysis ; residual strain ; neutral layer ; elliptical hole ; thin structures ; functionally graded plate ; inhomogeneity ; clustering ; metal foam core layer ; robotics and contact wear ; dispersion ; high order shear deformation theory ; finite elements ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    The Challenges of Water Management and Governance in Cities (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Global population growth is urban growth and, therefore, most of the water-related challenges and solutions reside in cities. Unless water management and water governance processes are significantly improved within the next decade or so, cities are likely to face serious and prolonged water insecurity, urban floods, and/or heat stress, which may result in social instability and, ultimately, massive migration. Aging water infrastructure, one of the most expensive infrastructures in cities, is a relevant challenge in order to address Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6: clean water and sanitation, SDG 11: sustainable cities and communities, and SDG 13: climate action. The choice of good governance arrangements has important consequences for economic performance, for the well-being of citizens, and for the quality of life in urban areas. The better governance arrangements work in coordinating policies across jurisdictions and policy fields, the better the outcomes. Rapidly-changing global conditions will make future water governance more complex than ever before in human history, and expectations are that water governance and water management will change more during the next 20 years compared to the past 100 years. In this Special Issue of Water, the focus will be on practical concepts and tools for water management and water governance, with a focus on cities.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; flood resilience ; flood risk ; Cape Town ; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ; sustainable development goals ; urban planning ; coordination ; IHP ; storm water management ; stakeholder involvement ; flood risk management ; water management sustainability ; Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) ; climate change ; urban water cycle ; wastewater management ; water policy ; governance capacity ; greenhouse gas emissions ; intergovernmental ; Urban Water Management Programme ; indicators ; sustainability ; city networks ; water sensitive cities ; water scarcity ; ICLEI ; flood damage assessment ; stakeholder participation ; SuDS ; climate change mitigation ; social network analysis ; water ecology ; SDGs ; urban resilience ; design rainfall event ; cost of inaction ; rainwater harvesting ; co-design ; UNESCO ; rainfall-runoff ; storm water control measure ; decentralized water reclamation with resource recovery ; baseline assessment ; City Blueprint Approach ; urban water management ; urban landscape ; governance strategies ; science and technology ; drinking water ; Integrated Water Resources Management ; resilience ; Sponge City ; stormwater reservoir ; use-attainment ; sustainability assessment ; water security ; Water-Energy-Food Nexus ; water management ; water supply ; Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) ; urban drainage ; lifecycle analysis ; social infrastructure ; urban pluvial flooding ; assessment framework ; footprint ; climate change adaptation ; infrastructure ; total cost of ownership ; water governance ; flood control ; water-reuse ; governance ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Progress in Ecological Stoichiometry (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Ecological stoichiometry concerns the way that the elemental composition of organisms shapes their ecology. It deals with the balance or imbalance of elemental ratios and how that affects organism growth, nutrient cycling, and the interactions with the biotic and abiotic worlds. The elemental composition of organisms is a set of constraints through which all the Earth’s biogeochemical cycles must pass. All organisms consume nutrients and acquire compounds from the environment proportional to their needs. Organismal elemental needs are determined in turn by the energy required to live and grow, the physical and chemical constraints of their environment, and their requirements for relatively large polymeric biomolecules such as RNA, DNA, lipids, and proteins, as well as for structural needs including stems, bones, shells, etc. These materials together constitute most of the biomass of living organisms. Although there may be little variability in elemental ratios of many of these biomolecules, changing the proportions of different biomolecules can have important effects on organismal elemental composition. Consequently, the variation in elemental composition both within and across organisms can be tremendous, which has important implications for Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. It has been over a decade since the publication of Sterner and Elser’s book, Ecological Stoichiometry (2002). In the intervening years, hundreds of papers on stoichiometric topics ranging from evolution and regulation of nutrient content in organisms, to the role of stoichiometry in populations, communities, ecosystems and global biogeochemical dynamics have been published. Here, we present a collection of contributions from the broad scientific community to highlight recent insights in the field of Ecological Stoichiometry.
    Keywords: QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; ecological scaling ; Biological stoichiometry ; ecological theory ; C:N:P ; Homeostasis ; Elemental composition ; Nutrient recycling ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Mental Health Challenges in Elite Sport: Balancing Risk with Reward (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Elite sport typically provides obvious rewards in terms of recognition, finance and acclaim for athletic performance. Increasingly, we are becoming aware of the risks that elite athletes, their entourage, including families, sport-science support team and coaches are exposed to. Twelve original articles, seven commentaries and a corrigendum, are structured in a five chapter format. Chapter 1, comprising the Editorial is titled “An Overview of Mental Health in Elite Sport: Changing the Play Book” to reflect the advocacy role of this article. Chapter 2 (“Finding the Sweet Spot”) amplifies the voice of key stakeholders across three qualitative studies with three additional commentaries. Quantitative evidence is presented in Chapter 3 which has the sub-title the “State of Play.” Chapter 4, entitled the “Field of Play” includes three original publications which present contrasting conceptual approaches to guide researchers in hypothesis generation, formulation and implementation science. Finally, in Chapter 5, “Seeing the Ball Early” prospective perspectives are provided in three publications reinforced by two commentaries. The future thinking ideas includes the use of virtual reality training, a broadening of the concept of mental health literacy, tackling stigma and focusing on the potential positive effect of the natural environment on well-being and recovery.To date the research topic has generated widespread in the field. For example, several articles have generated an Altmetric score above 40 with one publication meriting an Altmetric score of 102. We envisage that the impact of this e-book will not simply be measured in citations, views, downloads nor social media impact, but in the discourse that emerges from this collection of contributions from a combined total of 53 authors from across three continents. It is our hope that this e-book, providing a snapshot of global challenges for elite athletes mental health and well-being, becomes a touchstone for researchers and practitioners in the field.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; mental health stigma ; well-being ; psychology of injury ; green exercise ; elite athletes ; recovery ; psychological literacy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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