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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: 1793. En pleine Terreur, la Convention nationale crée le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. Le décret du 10 juin confie, à ce qui fut le Jardin du roi, la tâche d’enseigner les sciences naturelles au peuple. Le présent ouvrage retrace les grandes étapes du développement du Muséum en tant qu’Institution, en tant qu’organisme de recherches et en tant que modèle pour l’Europe et le monde. Sur un siècle d’histoire, défilent les difficultés de sa construction administrative dans un contexte politique mouvementé, l’organisation et le développement du travail scientifique de ses savants, la participation de l’établissement aux grandes missions de découvertes comme aux débats scientifiques qui agitent le monde de cette époque. Un siècle, trois générations c’est beaucoup et c’est peu, de la période cruciale de sa fondation, à l’« âge d’or » jusqu’en 1850, jusqu’à la période incertaine précédant la 1ère Guerre mondiale. Ce livre, qui se présente sous forme de contributions d’éminents spécialistes d’histoire des sciences, aborde dans une langue claire et accessible l’histoire des idées et l’histoire d’une institution prestigieuse. À cet égard, son public est aussi vaste que celui qui fréquente le Muséum : chercheurs du monde entier, connaisseurs du patrimoine, amoureux du Jardin des Plantes.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; muséologie ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: French
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  • 2
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Synaesthesia is a rare experience in which one property of a stimulus evokes a secondary experience that is not typically associated with the first (e.g. hearing words can evoke tastes). In recent years a number of studies have highlighted the authenticity of synaesthesia and attempted to use the experience to inform us about typical processes in perception and cognition. This Research Topic brings together research on synaesthesia and typical cross modal interactions to discuss the mechanisms of synaesthesia and what it can tell us about typical perceptual processes. Topics include, but are not limited to, the neurocognitive mechanisms that give rise to synaesthesia; the extent to which synaesthesia does / does not share commonalities with typical cross-modal correspondences; broader cognitive and perceptual consequences that are linked to synaesthesia; and perspectives on the origins / defining characteristics of synaesthesia.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; synaesthesia ; veridical mapping ; synesthesia ; multisensory ; sensory substitution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: La mondialisation de l’économie, l’ouverture toujours plus grande à la concurrence et notamment l’intégration européenne ont contribué au déclin d’activités industrielles traditionnelles. La crise de l’emploi qui en a résulté est allée de rebondissements en approfondissements. En revanche, dans les années 1960 à 1980, les industries à fort contenu de recherche et de haute technologie se sont développées au Royaume-Uni comme en France. Les firmes ont pu croître et se redéployer en tirant parti des spécificités des nouveaux territoires qui s’offraient à leurs investissements, réservant les régions-capitales mais surtout des portions de leurs arcs périurbains, et parfois d'autres lieux, comme Toulouse et Grenoble en France, pour le travail de conception et de recherche-développement. Même si ces « technopoles » ne sont plus aujourd’hui à l’abri de la crise, la recherche et l’innovation jouent donc un rôle important dans le développement régional. Le collectif franco-britannique de chercheurs qui s’expriment, librement et parfois contradictoirement, dans ce livre, a souhaité ici ouvrir une discussion sur la portée de ce rôle, et sur les effets des politiques volontaristes en matière de recherche.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; industrie de pointe ; innovation technologique ; économie régionale ; recherche industrielle ; technopole ; aménagement du territoire ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: French
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The term “synaptic plasticity” is a broad concept, which is studied with a variety of experimental approaches. One focus is the impact of changes in synaptic, neuronal and glial morphology on brain circuitry and behavior. In this regard, unique animal models have been key to the study of affective and social behaviors and neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, there is a paucity of compilations directed toward the correlation of alterations in synaptic structure with various physiological and behavioral paradigms. This Frontiers Research Topic will, therefore, serve as an exciting forum for the exchange of novel hypotheses and data and an important resource and reference for investigators studying synaptic and brain plasticity, as well as those in related fields.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC321-571 ; RC435-571 ; Q1-390 ; Synaptic Function ; dendritic spine function ; neural circuits and behavior ; synaptic remodeling ; dendritic spine structure ; neuroimmune interactions ; Synaptic Transmission ; sexual dimorphism ; psychiatric disorders ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is traditionally viewed as an anatomic and neuropathological condition. Caring for TBI patients is a matter of defining the extent of an anatomical lesion, managing this lesion, and minimizing secondary brain injury. On the research side, the effects of TBI often are studied in the context of neuronal and axonal degeneration and the subsequent deposition of abnormal proteins such as tau. These approaches form the basis of our current understanding of TBI, but they pay less attention to the function of the affected organ, the brain. Much can be learned about TBI by studying this disorder on a systems neuroscience level and correlating changes in neural circuitry with neurological and cognitive function. There are several aspects of TBI that are a natural fit for this perspective, including post-traumatic epilepsy, consciousness, and cognitive sequelae. How individual neurons contribute to network activity and how network function responds to injury are key concepts in examining these areas. In recent years, the available tools for studying the role of neuronal assemblies in TBI have become increasingly sophisticated, ranging from optogenetic and electrophysiological techniques to advanced imaging modalities such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography. Further progress in understanding the disruption and subsequent reshaping of networks is likely to have substantial benefits in the treatment of patients with TBI-associated deficits. In this Frontiers Topic, we intend to highlight the systems neuroscience approach to studying TBI. In addition to analyzing the clinical sequelae of TBI in this context, this series of articles explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying network dysfunction, including alterations in synaptic activity, changes in neural oscillation patterns, and disruptions in functional connectivity. We also include articles on treatment options for TBI patients that modulate network function. It is our hope that this Frontiers Topic will increase the clinical and scientific communities’ awareness of this viable framework for deepening our knowledge of TBI and improving patient outcomes.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Traumatic Brain Injury ; neural circuits ; neural networks ; Systems neuroscience ; Neuromodulation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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