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  • Physics  (618)
  • 2020-2024  (2)
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  • 1
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    Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory focuses on the cosmological implications of the gauge theories of particle physics and of string theory. The book first examines the universe's series of phase transitions in which the successive gauge symmetries of the higher-temperature phase were spontaneously broken after the big bang, discussing relics of these phase transitions, more generic relics (baryons, neutrinos, axions), and supersymmetric particles (neutralinos and gravitinos). The author next studies supersymmetric theory, supergravity theory, and the constraints on the underlying field theory of the universe's inflationary era. The book concludes with a discussion of black hole solutions of the supergravity theory that approximates string theory at low energies and the insight that string theory affords into the microscopic origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory provides a modern introduction to these important problems from a particle physicist's perspective. It is intended as an introductory textbook for a first course on the subject at a graduate level.
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    Introduction to Gauge Field Theory Revised Edition (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: Introduction to Gauge Field Theory provides comprehensive coverage of modern relativistic quantum field theory, emphasizing the details of actual calculations rather than the phenomenology of the applications. Forming a foundation in the subject, the book assumes knowledge of relativistic quantum mechanics, but not of quantum field theory. The book
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear physics ; Physics ; Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
    Sprache: Englisch
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    E-BOOK
  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    D2-m-carborane-siloxanes. III. Preparation and properties of trifluoropropyl-modified polymers (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 973-981 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Linear D2-m-carborane-siloxanes with one, two, and three trifluoropropyl moieties per repeat unit were prepared by the condensation reaction between bisureidosilanes and carborane disilanol. Molecular weights between 100,000 and 220,000 were obtained. Compared to fluorosilicones, the trifluoropropyl-modified carborane-siloxanes exhibited greater thermal and oxidative stability and in certain cases comparable solvent resistance. The swelling index for carborane-siloxane elastomers decreased with increasing trifluoropropyl content, although this fluorocarbon moiety did compromise the thermal stability of the carborane system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170150418
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electroinitiated polymerization of arylvinyl monomers (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 1411-1418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The electroinitiated polymerizations of styrene, 2-vinylnaphthalene, and 9-vinylanthracene were compared in sulfolane and acetone solvents in the presence of ZnCl2. The relative orders of polymerization rates and polymerization efficiencies, in both solvents, were 9-vinylanthracene 〉 2-vinylnaphthalene 〉 styrene, with faster rates and higher efficiencies occurring in sulfolane. Data obtained from viscosity and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) studies indicate that the molecular weights of the polymers produced in these systems are extremely low, 〈5000. Chemical composition and infrared (IR) spectral data suggest that abnormal transfer reactions (possibly from solvent) may be occurring in the electroinitiated 9-vinylanthracene polymerizations. The polymerization mechanism appears to be cationic in these monomer-solvent systems with ZnCl2.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170515
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aromatic polyamides. II. Thermal degradation of some aromatic polyamides and their model diamides (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 2817-2834 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Thermal degradation behavior of poly(1,3-phenylene isophthalamide) and poly(chloro-2,4-phenylene isophthalamide) was investigated with the aid of some appropriate model compounds. The pyrolysis products of these materials were identified by gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/FT-IR), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The residual chars were characterized by IR spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was applied to study the effect of end-group concentration on the degradation characteristics of the two polyamides. Kinetic parameters that describe the thermal degradation of the polyamides were also evaluated by TGA. The results of this investigation suggest that the thermal decomposition of these aromatic polyamides involves homolytic as well as hydrolytic cleavages of the amide units.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170191115
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photoinitiation and electroinitiation in the polymerization of 2-vinylnaphthalene (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 2673-2684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The zinc chloride-catalyzed polymerization of 2-vinylnaphthalene (VN) with both photoinitiation and electronitiation methods was examined. Good yields were obtained with both methods, the electroinitiated process being somewhat faster. The mechanism for polymerization initiation was investigated through a detailed comparison of the kinetics. Both initiation methods show a similar response to increasing input energy and to change in salt to monomer mole ratio. Both methods indicate formation of a ZnCl2-(2-VN)2 complex as intermediate with the formation of the species being rate-determining. These results, together with other similar investigations, are then used to deduce a mechanism that involves the formation of an electronically excited donor-acceptor complex. It is argued that in certain salt-stabilized, electron-delocalized, aromatic systems, such excitation is possible in electroinitiation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170151112
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spectroscopic studies of solutions, suspensions, and precipitates of poly(1,6-di-p-toluene sulfonyloxy-2,4-hexadiyne) (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 321-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Optical-absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectra for solutions, suspensions, and precipitates of poly(1,6-di-p-toluene sulfonoxy-2,4-hexadiyne) in and from nitrobenzene, acetone, and chloroform are presented. These are interpreted in terms of the occurrence of two forms of the polymer chain; a quasicrystalline form with properties close to those of single crystal polymer and a chain-extended form occurring in solution and colloidal particles, with an absorption energy of about 2.5 eV (20,000 cm-1). No evidence is found for the presence of very short polymer chains in partially polymerized monomer at low conversion. The relationship of these results to those for deformed single crystals is briefly discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.180190212
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electroinitiated polymerization of 2-vinylnaphthalene (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 1563-1571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: As part of a program to extend the range of donor-acceptor-initiated polymerization processes, the electroinitiation of 2-vinylnaphthalene in a zinc chloride-sulfolane solution has been studied. Good conversion yields of well-characterized (NMR, IR, GPC, elemental analysis) poly(vinylnaphthalene) were obtained with the process showing several mechanistic similarities to other donor-acceptor salt electropolymerization systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170150704
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electrochemically initiated polymerization of styrene with tetraalkyl and -aryl group VA halide support electrolytes (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 1555-1562 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The electrochemically initiated polymerization of styrene in methylene chloride solvent with the use of platinum electrodes and tetraalkyl and -aryl group VA halides (i.e., quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and arsonium compounds) as electrolyte has been investigated. The order of reactivity of the electrolytes with respect to polymerization rate and initiation efficiency was found to be: arsonium 〉 phosphonium 〉 ammonium. Mechanisms involving the electroreduction of the group VA quaternary halides to species capable of electroinitiating polymerization are postulated. The observed losses in solution conductivities during polymerization with the quaternary phosphonium and arsonium electrolytes indicate possible interaction between the initiating radical-ionic species and the supporting electrolyte. In an attempt to further elucidate the mechanism of initiation in these systems, a separate series of experiments, employing the nonpolymerizing monomer, 1,1-diphenylethylene, has been carried out.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170150703
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The photo- and electroinitiated polymerization of N-vinyl phthalimide (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 1153-1161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: To elucidate mechanisms in electroinitiated polymerization reactions a comparison was conducted between ultraviolet (UV) photoinitiation and electroinitiation of N-vinyl phthalimide with zinc chloride as a catalyst. Both methods give low yields of a complex polymer product. A detailed analysis, infrared (IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), elemental, and molecular weight, conducted on the polymeric products, indicated that phthalimide ring opening was occurring and that complex mixtures of poly(N-vinyl phthalimide) derivatives were formed. Both initiation methods gave comparable results, which further indicated mechanistic similarity between photo-and electroinitiation in these donor-acceptor charge transfer polymerizations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170419
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