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  • LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)  (5)
  • 2020-2024
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959
  • 1950-1954
  • 1
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    Cellular immunity and lymphokine production during spaceflights (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Results are presented on changes in cellular immunity and in the production of lymphokine in spacecrews during spaceflights. Measurements were carried out on blood samples collected from 50 cosmonauts before and after spaceflights of different duration, on board Salyut-6, Salyut-7, or Mir. Additional data were obtained from rats flown on board the Cosmos-1667 and Cosmos-1887 biosatellites. The parameters measured included the PHA responsiveness of T lymphocytes, the activity of T-helper cells and of nonspecific T suppressors, the activity of the so-called natural killer lymphocytes, the production of gamma-interferon, and the cell-surface markers. Results showed that the frequency and the extent of changes in the immunologic resistance of subjects depended on the duration of the flight. However, even after the most prolonged (365 days) spaceflight, the changes observed were mostly of a functional character with subsequent rapid return to normal.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Physiologist, Supplement (ISSN 0031-9376); 34; 1, Fe
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Experiment K-6-23. Effect of spaceflight on levels and function of immune cells (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Two different immunology experiments were performed on samples received from rats flown on Cosmos 1887. In the first experiment, rat bone marrow cells were examined in Moscow for their response to colony stimulating factor-M. In the second experiment, rat spleen and bone marrow cells were stained in Moscow with a variety of antibodies directed against cell surface antigenic markers. These cells were preserved and shipped to the United States where they were subjected to analysis on a flow cytometer. The results of the studies indicate that bone marrow cells from flown rats showed a decreased response to colony stimulating factor than did bone marrow cells from control rats. There was a higher percentage of spleen cells from flown rats staining positively for pan-T-cell, suppressor-T-cell and innate interleukin-2 receptor antigens than from control animals. In addition, a higher percentage of cells that appeared to be part of the myelogenous population of bone marrow cells from flown rats stained positively for surface immunoglobulin than did equivalent cells from control rats.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: The US Experiments Flown on the Soviet Biosatellite Cosmos 1887; p 471-480
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Spaceflight alters immune cell function and distribution (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Experiments are described which were performed onboard Cosmos 2044 to determine spaceflight effects on immunologically important cell function and distribution. Results indicate that bone marrow cells from flown and suspended rats exhibited a decreased response to a granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor compared with the bone marrow cells from control rats. Bone marrow cells showed an increase in the percentage of cells expressing markers for helper T-cells in the myelogenous population and increased percentages of anti-asialo granulocyte/monocyte-1-bearing interleulin-2 receptor bearing pan T- and helper T-cells in the lymphocytic population.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology, Supplement (ISSN 8750-7587); 73; 2 Au
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Effect of spaceflight on natural killer cell activity (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The effects of spaceflight on immune cell function were determined in rats flown on Cosmos 2044. Control groups included vivarium, synchronous, and antiorthostatically suspended rats. The ability of natural killer cells to lyse two different target cell lines was determined. Spleen and bone marrow cells obtained from flight rats showed significantly inhibited cytotoxicity for YAC-1 target cells compared with cells from synchronous control rats. This could have been due to exposure of the rats to microgravity. Antiorthostatic suspension did not affect the level of cytotoxicity from spleen cells of suspended rats for YAC-1 cells. On the other hand, cells from rats flown in space showed no significant differences from vivarium and synchronous control rats in cytotoxicity for K-562 target cells. Binding of natural killer cells to K-562 target cells was unaffected by spaceflight. Antiorthostatic suspension resulted in higher levels of cytotoxicity from spleen cells for Cr-51-labeled K-562 cells. The results indicate differential effects of spaceflight on function of natural killer cells. This shows that spaceflight has selective effects on the immune response.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology, Supplement (ISSN 8750-7587); 73; 2 Au
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Effects of spaceflight on levels and activity of immune cells (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Experiments were carried out on cells from rats that had been flown on Soviet Biosputnik Cosmos 1887 to explore the effects of speceflight on immune responses. Rat bone marrow cells were examined for their response to colony stimulating factor-M. Rat spleen and bone marrow cells were stained with antibodies directed against cell surface antigenic markers. The results of the studies indicate that bone marrow cells from flown rats showed a decreased response to colony stimulating factor. There was a higher percentage of spleen cells from flown rats staining positively for pan-T-cell, suppressor-T-cell, and interleukin-2 receptor cell surface antigens. A small increase in the percentage of cells staining positively for helper-T-cell antigens was also noted. In addition, a higher percentage of cells that appeared to be part of the myelogenous population of bone marrow cells from flown rats stained positively for surface immunoglobulin.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562); 61; 648-653
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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