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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The lifestyle of humans is rapidly changing, and, correspondingly, their needs and the current and future megatrends of the food market. It is worth mentioning (1) the preference for natural, simple, and flexible diets that drive the further expansion of plant-focused formulations, (2) the focus on food sustainability (food waste reduction), and (3) the interest in healthy eating as the basis for good health. The hectic routine and rapid urbanization in developed and developing regions, respectively, have shifted consumer preferences toward bread and baked foods, which, interestingly, are often high in sugars and are categorized as having a high glycemic index. Therefore, it is of major importance to address the technological challenges of manufacturing baked goods with high physical and sensory quality that result in positive metabolic responses. This Special Issue seeks to provide fundamental understanding in this area and novel strategies to improve the nutritional properties of baked goods, including a decrease in starch bioaccessibility, sugar reduction, increase in fiber and/or protein content, and the improvement of phytochemical bioactivity. This Special Issue will also cover studies on the physical and sensory improvements of baked goods that may provide a mechanistic understanding to minimize the loss of quality after the incorporation of nutritional-improving ingredients, such as edible byproducts, proteins, or fibers. Last but not least, studies focused on the reduction of additives (clean label) or fat and on the use of sourdough to improve the sensory properties of baked goods will also be included.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; particle size ; n/a ; tempering ; maize bread ; pea ; bakery products ; antinutritional factors ; nutrition knowledge ; baking ; chia ; analytical quality ; antioxidant capacity ; protein enrichment ; mucilage ; cookie ; bakery ; cereals ; sustainability ; amylopectin ; germination ; functional foods ; maize flour ; sensory QDA ; shortening ; upcycled food by-products ; pulses ; processing ; fermentation ; sesame ; glycemic response ; sieve ; flaxseed ; Mixolab ; bio-technological processing ; ?-amylase ; TPA ; high-amylose ; baking activity ; defatted sunflower seed flour ; gluten-free ; wheat–flaxseed composite ; protein digestibility ; bran ; pseudocereals ; legume fortification ; digestion ; flour refinement ; consumer ; milk lipids ; bread ; biscuits ; air classification ; faba bean ; whole grains ; retrogradation ; intermediate wheatgrass ; lentil ; sunflower ; chickpea ; colour ; protein content ; sensory evaluation ; valorisation ; amylose ; fat replacer ; fortification ; principal component analysis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1990), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die seit langem in der Literatur als “Indophenin-Reaktion” bekannte Umsetzung von Isatin mit Thiophen wurde systematisch untersucht und auf die Umsetzung mit Bithiophen erweitert. Die Reaktionsprodukte wurden isoliert und durch FT-IR, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR sowie GPC charakterisiert.Im Gegensatz zu den Literaturdaten wurden Reaktionsprodukte mit höheren Molgewichten und anderer Molmassenverteilung gefunden. Die Reaktionsbedingungen - Lösungsmittel, Temperatur und Konzentration - sind für den Reaktionsablauf und die entstehenden Produkte von entscheidender Bedeutung.Füur die oligomeren Reaktionsprodukte werden neue Strukturen vorgeschlagen, die in Übereinstimmung mit allen analytischen Daten sind. Anhand eines Formelschemas werden die Reaktionen des Isatins mit Thiophen (Bithiophen) erläutert.
    Notes: A systematic study of the well-known indophenin reaction between isatin and thiophene was extended to embrace bithiophene. The products of the reactions were isolated and characterized by FT-IR, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and GPC. The values of the thus determined molar masses and molar mass distributions differed from the data given in the literature. The reaction conditions - solvent, temperature, and concentration - are of crucial importance for the course of the reaction and the products obtained.New structures suggested for the oligomeric reaction products agree with all the analytical data. The reactions between isatin and thiophene (bithiophene) are explained schematically.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The translational and rotational diffusion coefficients and the intrinsic viscosity of semiflexible, randomly broken, and wormilike chains have been obtained by Monte Carlo simulation in the context of the rigid-body treatment. Both approximate and rigorous rigid-body hydrodynamics are used, so that the error introduced by the approximate methods can be evaluated. A randomly broken chain and a wormilike chain having the same contour length and persistence length have the same radius of gyration but different values for any of the hydrodynamic properties. The two types of chains are compared in this regard. Considering that the cross section of the chain is represented by a cylinder better than by a string of spheres, we devise a cylindrical correction to be applied to the results simulated for chains of beads. Application is made to the analysis of experimental data for the translational and rotational coefficients of DNA fragments with up to 103 base pairs, obtaining the persistence length for each model. The values for the wormlike chain agree well with model-independent values obtained from radii of gyration and with other literature data at varying ionic strength. The randomly broken chain is equally able to reproduce the experimental length dependence of the properties, but the resulting persistence length may be too high.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 191 (1990), S. 281-287 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The molecular species proposed for the initial steps in the cationic polymerization of alkenylfurans were modeled by MNDO theoretically fully optimized structures. It was confirmed that the anomalous reactivity of ring C-5 of the monomers is determined by HOMO electron densitites, whereas calculated proton affinities from the semiempirical heats of formation fail to explain the low temperature experimental behavior of 2-vinylfuran (1c) from the point of view of stability of intermediate species. However, ab initio 4-31G calculations of proton affinities agree with the experimental facts and allow further explanations of the reactivity of furan derivatives in electrophilic media.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(hydroxy ether of Bisphenol-A), so-called Phenoxy resin (structure-based IUPAC name: poly[oxy(2-hydroxytrimethylene)oxy-1,4-phenyleneisopropylidene-1,4-phenylene]), is shown to be miscible with poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VPy, poly[1-(4-pyridyl)ethylene]) and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VPy, poly[1-(2-pyridyl)ethylene]) over the entire composition range. Miscibility of the blends is evidenced by their glass transition temperatures being intermediate between the pure polymers for the blends of P4VPy and Phenoxy but being higher than the average for the case of the P2VPy/Phenoxy blends. Hydrogen bonding between the components was detected through infrared spectroscopy, which was also used in the study of mixtures of low-molecular-weight analogues, in order to calculate the free energies of mixing according to the association model of Painter and Coleman.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 953-962 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Six new acetylene-terminated (AT) oligomers were synthesized by reaction of 3-ethynylbenzoyl chloride and 4-ethynylbenzoyl chloride with three aromatic diamines containing four aromatic rings. The functionalization led quantitatively to AT oligomeric diamides of well defined composition, as confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The materials exhibited comparatively high melting points, over 200°C; thus, heating promoted curing before melting or simultaneously with melting, with the only exception of one sample that could be isolated in the amorphous state. Heating at 325°C led to insoluble cured materials, with excellent thermal resistance and glass transition temperatures Tg around 300°C.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Furfuryl alcohol polymerizes in a suspension of dispersed inorganic solids such as silica in 1,2-dichloroethane using trifluoroacetic acid as initiator. Depending on the experimental conditions the reactions load to (1) agglomeration of particles, (2) composite and soluble polymer formation, (3) composite formation. The chemical structure of the soluble polymers is not regular but the furfurylic sequence is predominant. The polymer grafted on the surface of the solid is a strongly reticulated poly(furfuryl alcohol), which also possesses conjugated double bonds that are involved in an acid-base equilibrium with trifluoroacetic acid.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 193 (1992), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Furfuryl alcohol was polymerized by trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride to give a colored polymer. This polymer possesses two main sequences in which the furan rings are connected by methylene groups (sequence 1) or by dimethylene ether groups (sequence 2). The polymer is not linear but highly branched, as detected by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Variations of the experimental conditions, such as the presence of air, the trifluoroacetic acid concentration, the reaction temperature and the solvent, do not allow a significant increase in the linear structure of the polymer. However, an increase in the acid concentration or an increase in temperature produce a decrease in the ether-bridged structure (sequences 2).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 29 (1991), S. 495-503 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High strength alumina fibers were fabricated with a polymer precursor process which was monitored with 13C-NMR, elemental analysis, gas evolution, SEM, and X-ray diffraction. Methylaluminoxane was chain extended by reaction with H2O, the unreacted methyl groups were converted to propanoyloxyl and i-propanoyl groups in molar ratios of 0.2 : 0.8 to 0.4 : 0.6 to afford spinning dope of adequate fluidity which can be spun into filaments with suitable stability. These precursor fibers were hydrolyzed in two stages at ambient temperatures and at 320-350°C, and then calcined at 950°C. The resulting alumina fibers have average tensile strengths up to 1.1 GPa and modulus of greater than 140 GPa.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nucleophilic substitution of PVC with sodium thiophenate was carried out in cyclohexanone solution at 5, 25, 40, 60, and 70°C. The initial rate obeys an Arrhenius law from 25 to 60°C, with an activation energy of 70 kJ/mol. Conversion limits are observed which strongly depend on the temperature. The stereoselectivity of the reaction with respect to the configurational triads does not depend on the temperature: the distribution of configurations is only dependent on the conversion. Assuming an SN2 substitution mechanism governed by steric factors, the Monte Carlo simulation procedure described in a prior study is shown to give a good account for all temperatures above 40°C assuming for the mm, mr or rm, and rr triads a reactivity such as Rmm = 2 Rmr and Rrr nil at low temperature and very low at temperatures ≥ 40°C. The low conversion limits observed at 5 and 25°C cannot be explained by a limited accessibility of a part of the polymer. Finally, it is shown that the elimination reaction, which remains limited, does not interfere with the substitution process.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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