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  • 2020-2024  (3)
  • 1995-1999  (100)
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  • 1
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    The Great Debate: General Ability and Specific Abilities in the Prediction of Important Outcomes (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: There are many different theories of intelligence. Although these theories differ in their nuances, nearly all agree that there are multiple cognitive abilities and that they differ in the breadth of content they are typically associated with. There is much less agreement about the relative importance of cognitive abilities of differing generality for predicting important real-world outcomes, such as educational achievement, career success, job performance, and health. Some investigators believe that narrower abilities hold little predictive power once general abilities have been accounted for. Other investigators contend that specific abilities are often as—or even more—effective in forecasting many practical variables as general abilities. These disagreements often turn on differences of theory and methodology that are both subtle and complex. The five cutting-edge contributions in this volume, both empirical and theoretical, advance the conversation in this vigorous, and highly important, scientific debate.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; general cognitive ability ; second stratum abilities ; narrow abilities ; cognitive abilities ; ability tilt ; identification ; occupational attainment ; scholastic performance ; longevity ; non-g residuals ; specific abilities ; higher-order factor model ; bifactor model ; intelligence ; general intelligence (g) ; specific factors ; academic achievement ; hierarchical factor model ; educational attainment ; nested-factor models ; ability differentiation ; general abilities ; relative importance ; relative importance analysis ; bifactor(S-1) model ; subscores ; g-factor ; school grades ; non-g factors ; nested-factors model ; general mental ability ; cognitive tests ; specific cognitive abilities ; curvilinear relations ; specific ability ; situational specificity ; predictor-criterion bandwidth alignment ; job performance ; health ; machine learning ; academic performance ; general factor ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motility in ungerminated grass pollen: association of myosin with polysaccharide-containing wall-precursor bodies (P-particles) (1997)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 10 (1997), S. 65-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Triticum aestivum ; Pollen vegetative cell ; Intracellular motility ; P-particles ; Myosin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Grass pollens lack a dormancy period, remaining in a partly hydrated state at maturation with the contents of the vegetative cell continuing in active motion thereafter. The polysaccharide-containing wall-precursor bodies, derived mainly from previous dictyosome activity (P-particles), move randomly throughout much of the vegetative cell, but at the apertural pole of the grain many follow tracks related to actin fibrils focused on the single aperture. Isolated P-particles are shown by immunofluorescence localization using an antimyosin antibody to be associated individually with myosin. This, together with the fact that movement in the vegetative cell is arrested reversibly by cytochalasins, indicates that their motility is actomyosin based.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050068
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure and prophylactic role of the angiosperm embryo sac and its associated tissues:Zea mays as a model (1999)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 209 (1999), S. 256-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Embryo sac ; Viral infection ; Cuticle ; Zea mays ; Pollination ; Fertilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Various developmental phases can be distinguished in the definition of the archesporium and the early life of the embryo, takingZea mays (maize) as a model within the family Gramineae, and other families where pertinent: (1) the isolation of the megasporocyte and the functional spore derived from it; (2) the maturation of the specialized walls of the embryo sac, and their reinforcement by ensheathments derived from the contiguous nucellar cells during a sequence of phased genetic ablation; (3) the differentiation of the synergids, the associated flange, and the filiform apparatuses; (4) the blocking of the pollen tube pathway by secondary secretions in the micropylar region and the coagulation of the pollen tube cytoplasm within the filiform apparatuses during the process of fertilization; and finally (5) the development of a compound cutinized envelope of four fused layers (six where the outer integument is also involved) after fertilization. For the nascent haploid generation, the period of maximum vulnerability in respect to both pathogen invasion and the transition from diplophase control occurs during these phases. It is concluded that many of the protective features form a prophylactic shield and are key components of the angiosperms in general, which may have contributed to their evolutionary success as a group. Other physiological or biochemical adaptations or barriers may also supplement the mainly structural features described here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01453454
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Damping of mechanical vibration by superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x in a magnetic field (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 643-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: As the load capacity of magnetic bearings using high-Tc superconductors increases, the inherent damping decreases. Damping of externally generated vibration is an important unsolved problem. A proposal is made for an active damping system, based upon the strong temperature dependence of the magnetic flux dissipation in a high-Tc superconductor in the region of the phase transformation a few degrees below the transition temperature. The damping system would be distinct from the levitated system. The strong temperature dependence of the dissipation is demonstrated with a single crystal of yttrium barium copper oxide, but a melt-processed ceramic sample would behave in the same way. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114146
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodissociation of ozone in the Hartley band: Fluctuation of the vibrational state distribution in the O2(1Δg) fragment (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 7946-7955 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodissociation of O3 in the Hartley band has been investigated by high-resolution photofragment translational spectroscopy (PTS). At λdiss=248 nm we determined the quantum yield of the dominant decay channel leading to O2(1Δg)+O(1D) and the fragment vibrational state distribution. The fragment recoil anisotropy (β=1.25±0.15) was found to be independent of the fragment vibrational states. Between λdiss=275 and 295 nm β assumes a value of 1.6±0.2, which exceeds the value expected for a simple impulsive process. Photofragment yield measurements carried out by PTS between 272 and 286 nm revealed a strong fluctuation of the vibrational state distribution with λdiss. Based on the small but distinct structure superimposed on the broad continuum of the Hartley band and the findings of recent 3D wave packet calculations, we propose this fluctuation, a manifestation of wavelength-dependent partial cross sections, to arise predominantly from an interference effect. The latter occurs between the part of the initially prepared wavepacket which propagates directly into the exit channel and a (minor) part which is temporarily trapped by the motion of the bending and symmetric stretching modes in the excited O3 molecule. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470212
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of low temperature on patterns of cell division in developing second leaves of wild-type and slender mutant barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study reports on investigations into the effect of long-term growth at reduced temperatures on cell elongation and cell division in the wild type and a temperature-insensitive (slender) mutant of barley. Plants were grown under two temperature regimes (20 and 5 °C) and the mitotic index, cell doubling time and cell lengths over the division and elongation zone were monitored at several stages of development in the second leaf. Leaf length and leaf growth rates were characteristically greater in the slender mutant than in the wild type and this was greatly exaggerated by growth at low temperature. Cell length and the length of the division zone were also greater in the slender mutant than in the wild type, and growing the plants at reduced temperature (5 °C) shortened cell lengths only in the wild type. The slender mutant had a higher mitotic index than the wild type, although in neither genotype was change in the mitotic index observed following growth at reduced temperature. Cell doubling time, on the other hand, was reduced by growth at reduced temperature in the wild type but not in the slender mutant. Thus, the data suggest very different growth responses to low temperature in the two genotypes. The results are discussed in terms of the ability of plants to sense their environment and optimize their metabolism for future growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00250.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of Antibody Fragments in Escherichia coli (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 782 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb40556.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Spongospora subterranea using monoclonal antibodies in ELISA (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 44 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Five hybridoma cell lines secreting antibodies (MAbs) recognizing zoospores of S. subterranea were raised from splenocytes of mice. One MAb also weakly recognized plasmodia/zoosporangia and cystosori of S. subterranea, and another recognized only plasmodia/zoosporangia in plate-trapped antigen ELISA. Polymyxa graminis was recognized most strongly out of 26 micro-organisms other than S. subterranea against which the MAbs were tested. Most were recognized only weakly or not at all. The MAb that recognized zoospores of S. subterranea most strongly detected as few as three zoospores per microtitre plate well when 12 replicate wells per treatment were arranged randomly on plates and absorbance values subjected to analysis of variance. The sensitivity of detection was not improved by mixing antibodies, using a biotin-streptavidin amplification system, or by using a double antibody sandwich system. Zoospores of S. subterranea flushed from soil were detected only after unrealistically large numbers of cystosori had been added. They were not detected in samples of naturally infested soil removed from a field shortly after a severely scabbed potato crop had been harvested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02788.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Powdery scab disease of potato — a review (1997)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-214.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy traffic resource pooling in parallel‐server systems (1999)
    Springer
    Queueing systems 33 (1999), S. 339-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Keywords: heavy traffic ; parallel‐server systems ; Brownian control problem ; resource pooling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We consider a queueing system with r non‐identical servers working in parallel, exogenous arrivals into m different job classes, and linear holding costs for each class. Each arrival requires a single service, which may be provided by any of several different servers in our general formulation; the service time distribution depends on both the job class being processed and the server selected. The system manager seeks to minimize holding costs by dynamically scheduling waiting jobs onto available servers. A linear program involving only first‐moment data (average arrival rates and mean service times) is used to define heavy traffic for a system of this form, and also to articulate a condition of overlapping server capabilities which leads to resource pooling in the heavy traffic limit. Assuming that the latter condition holds, we rescale time and state space in standard fashion, then identify a Brownian control problem that is the formal heavy traffic limit of our rescaled scheduling problem. Because of the assumed overlap in server capabilities, the limiting Brownian control problem is effectively one‐dimensional, and it admits a pathwise optimal solution. That is, in the limiting Brownian control problem the multiple servers of our original model merge to form a single pool of service capacity, and there exists a dynamic control policy which minimizes cumulative cost incurred up to any time t with probability one. Interpreted in our original problem context, the Brownian solution suggests the following: virtually all backlogged work should be held in one particular job class, and all servers can and should be productively employed except when the total backlog is small. It is conjectured that such ideal system behavior can be approached using a family of relatively simple scheduling policies related to the cμ rule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019188531950
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