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  • M-power versus M-demand trade-off  (1)
  • Tomography, Emission-Computed  (1)
  • 2020-2024  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (1)
  • 1
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    The Working Mind (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: A general organismic-causal theory that explicates working memory and executive function developmentally, clarifying the nature of human intelligence. In The Working Mind, Juan Pascual-Leone and Janice M. Johnson propose a general organismic-causal theory that explicates working memory and executive function developmentally and by doing so clarifies the nature of human intelligence. Pascual-Leone and Johnson explain “from within” (that is, from a subject's own processing perspective) cognitive developmental stages of growth, describing key causal factors that can account for the emergence of the working mind as a functional totality. Among these factors is a maturationally growing mental attention. After reviewing meaning-driven processes and constructivist knowledge principles that underlie what Pascual-Leone and Johnson term their Theory of Constructive Operators (TCO), they propose the TCO as as a developmental and neuropsychological approach to human cognitive and affective processes and their development. They present a novel method of mental task analysis that generates from-within process models of subjects' attempts to solve specific tasks. They provide an interpretation of brain semiotic processes that deploys TCO in functionally distinct brain locations. Finally, they show how TCO explicates complex human issues including consciousness, the self, the will, motivation, and individual differences, with applications in education, psychotherapy, and cognitive neuropsychology.
    Keywords: cognitive development ; endogenous ; mental ; or executive attention ; working memory ; mental processes in infancy ; task analysis of symbolic processes ; processing complexity ; theory of constructive operators ; neoPiagetian theory ; constructivism ; consciousness ; schemes or schemas ; cognitive neuropsychology ; intelligence ; developmental stages ; schemes ; theory of development ; epistemology ; dialectics ; abstraction ; dialectical constructivism ; reality resistances ; overdetermination ; mental attention ; causal theories ; equilibration ; accommodation ; constructivist learning ; functional invariants ; misleading versus facilitating situations ; learning paradox ; reflective abstraction ; mediation ; Piagetian conservation ; affect and emotion processes ; sensorimotor stages ; mental-attention in infancy ; emergence of symbolic function ; task analysis of infancy tasks ; cognitive versus affective schemes ; signals versus symbols ; consciousness in infants ; M-power versus M-demand trade-off ; theory of mind ; object permanence ; semiotics ; signalic versus symbolic function ; iconic versus indexical function ; distal versus proximal object ; chimpanzees' symbols ; intentionality ; types of schemes ; scheme learning ; sensorimotor versus symbolic executives ; hierarchical reinforcement learning ; operative schemes ; figurative schemes ; executive schemes ; resistances ; expectancies ; automatic or effortless attention ; type-1 versus type-2 thinking ; facilitating versus misleading situations ; mental flow ; automatic inhibition ; internal field factor ; mental or effortful attention ; affects a ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMC Child, developmental and lifespan psychology
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    The role of area 17 in visual imagery: convergent evidence from PET and rTMS (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-02
    Description: Visual imagery is used in a wide range of mental activities, ranging from memory to reasoning, and also plays a role in perception proper. The contribution of early visual cortex, specifically Area 17, to visual mental imagery was examined by the use of two convergent techniques. In one, subjects closed their eyes during positron emission tomography (PET) while they visualized and compared properties (for example, relative length) of sets of stripes. The results showed that when people perform this task, Area 17 is activated. In the other, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied to medial occipital cortex before presentation of the same task. Performance was impaired after rTMS compared with a sham control condition; similar results were obtained when the subjects performed the task by actually looking at the stimuli. In sum, the PET results showed that when patterns of stripes are visualized, Area 17 is activated, and the rTMS results showed that such activation underlies information processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kosslyn, S M -- Pascual-Leone, A -- Felician, O -- Camposano, S -- Keenan, J P -- Thompson, W L -- Ganis, G -- Sukel, K E -- Alpert, N M -- R01 EY12091/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH57980/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):167-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. smk@wjh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Brain Mapping ; Humans ; Imagination/*physiology ; Magnetics ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Tomography, Emission-Computed ; Visual Cortex/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Visual Perception/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
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