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  • GEOPHYSICS  (16)
  • 2020-2024
  • 1995-1999  (1)
  • 1980-1984  (15)
  • 1
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    Delta function excitation of waves in the earth's ionosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Excitation of the earth's ionosphere by delta function current sheets is considered, and the temporal and spatial evolution of wave packets is analyzed for a two-component collisional F2 layer. Approximations of an inverse Fourier-Laplace transform via saddle point methods provide plots of typical wave packets. These illustrate cold plasma wave theory and may be used as a diagnostic tool since it is possible to relate specific features, e.g., the frequency of a modulation envelope, to plasma parameters such as the electron cyclotron frequency. It is also possible to deduce the propagation path length and orientation of a remote radio beacon.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Radio Science (ISSN 0048-6604); 18; 1337-135
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  • 2
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    Ionospheric wave measurements with satellite-borne cross-power spectrum analyzers (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper studies the feasibility of using the cross-power spectrum analyzer on a satellite such as the Space Shuttle to measure the spectrum of potential and charged particle density fluctuations and macroscopic parameters in the ionosphere. The integration time required to make a measurement of a cross-power spectral density to a given accuracy, or its equivalent, the spatial resolution of a measurement to a given accuracy is examined.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Radio Science; 15; May-June
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  • 3
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    An empirical determination of the production efficiency for auroral 6300-A emission by energetic electrons (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Auroral data from the soft particle spectrometer and the red line photometer on board the Isis satellite are presented as a data base for electron energy flux and optical auroral emission and are used to derive production efficiencies for 6300 A emission. Data obtained during a single orbit in which an aurora was observed is corrected by integrating the precipitating flux observed in four energy bands over the loss cone and eliminating the effects of airglow and albedo in the optical emission measurements. A regression analysis of the corrected data from 12 orbits is used to determine 6300 A production coefficients for the 5-60 eV, 60-300 eV, 0.3-1 keV and 1-15 keV electron energy bands. Production coefficients are shown to be in good agreement with theoretical calculations and rocket measurements in conjugate photoelectrons, and applications of the method to other data sets are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Feb. 1
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  • 4
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    Calderas of the Sierra Madre Occidental volcanic field western Mexico (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The data base on the mineral content, geomorphology, and extent of caldera in the Sierra Madre Occidental volcanic field is surveyed. Caldera identified from Landsat imagery and confirmed by field studies have generally had high structural levels and are therefore the youngest calderas and sometimes overlap. Detectable margins have been vertical and abrupt, while other structures indicate collapse during eruption and accumulation of thick, intracaldera facies. Calderas which collapsed are generally filled with sedimentation. Mineral deposits hosted by the caldera include tin, silver, gold, and iron, and a spatial relationship has been characterized between the Ocampa caldera structure and mineralized precaldera rocks. The survey has confirmed the locations of several dozen caldera, while the volume of silicic rocks surveyed indicates the presence of several hundred caldera in the Sierra Madre.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 8787-879
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  • 5
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    Production of NO and N2O by soil nitrifying bacteria (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The composition of the atmosphere is influenced both directly and indirectly by biological activity. Evidence is presented here to suggest that nitrification in soil is a potentially significant source of both NO and N2O. Between 0.3 and 10% of the ammonium oxidized by cultures of the soil bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea is converted to these gases. The global source for NO associated with nitrification could be as large as 15,000,000 tonnes N/yr, with a source for N2O of 5,000,000-10,000,000 tonnes N/yr. Nitric oxide has a key role in tropospheric chemistry, participating in a complex set of reactions regulating OH and O3. Nitrous oxide is a dominant source of stratospheric NO and has a significant influence on climate.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 294; Dec. 17
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  • 6
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    Aircraft lattitude survey measurements of the El Chichon eruption cloud (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Solar spectral extinction measurements made with a solar photometer aboard a NASA research aircraft, whose flights were conducted during May, July, and December 1982 over a range of latitudes, are presently used to derive aerosol optical thicknesses. The large thickness increases over background levels found at all latitudes studied for the stratosphere are attributed to the El Chichon eruption cloud. The spectral dependence of the aerosol optical thickness, which is different on one side of 30 deg N latitude from the other side, suggests that the two portions of the cloud have different aerosol size distributions.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 1125-112
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  • 7
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    Digital images of combined oceanic and continental data sets and their use in tectonic studies (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is shown how crustal and lithospheric studies can benefit when continental and oceanic data sets are combined. It is also shown how digital imaging techniques provide an effective means for displaying the information contained in these combined data sets. The region of Australia, New Zealand, and the surrounding ocean is chosen for illustrating the advantages of combining continental and oceanic data sets. Here, the tectonic setting of Australia, a relatively stable continent in an intraplate environment, can be contrasted with New Zealand, which is traversed by one of the world's major plate boundaries. Simultaneous display and analysis of complementary data sets make possible a rapid geologic and tectonic interpretation of regional areas. It is shown, by way of example, that the relationship between topography and gravity anomalies in central Australia gives important new information concerning the state of isostasy of thrust terrains and their related sedimentary basins and hence provides a means of understanding the mechanical properties of the continental lithosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AD-A140340 , EOS (ISSN 0096-3941); 64; 995-1004
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  • 8
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    The rate of occurrence of dayside Pc 3,4 pulsations - The L-value dependence of the IMF cone angle effect (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: When the angle of the IMF to the earth sun line is 15 deg or less, the occurrence rate of dayside Pc 3,4 pulsations in 7-8 times the average at L values of 2.4-2.8, and 2.2-3.5 times the average at L of 4-4.3. These waves disappear when the IMF is nearly at right angles to the sun-earth line. Such observations are consistent with a source originating in the waves upstream of the subsolar bow shock, which are transported by convection to the magnetopause. There, they couple to oscillations of magnetospheric field lines. Because the magnetospheric plasma's index of refraction decreases with radial distance except at the plasmapause, inwardly propagating waves should be refracted away from the radial direction. To reach low L values, the waves should therefore couple near the stagnation point and propagate nearly radially inwards. The streamline geometry and its connection to the foreshock region is illustrated for various IMF orientations, using a simple approximation to the magnetosheath flow field.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: (ISSN 0094-8276)
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  • 9
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    Geochemical and spectral characterization of naturally altered rock surfaces (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The possibility of using the visible-near infrared region for compositional analysis of remotely sensed rock surfaces is studied. This would allow mapping rock type both on the Earth's surface and on other planetary surfaces. Reflectance spectroscopy, economic geology, optical depth determination, and X-ray diffraction mineralogy are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-168673 , NAS 1.26:168673 , JPL-9950-631
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Validation of water vapor results measured by the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere experiment on Nimbus 7 (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In the LIMS experiment using thermal IR limb scanning to sound the composition and structure of the upper atmosphere, one of the LIMS channels was spectrally centered at 6.9 micrometers to measure the vertical profile and global distribution of stratospheric water vapor. This channel's characteristics, the data from it, and the steps taken to validate results are described. The mean difference between the LIMS measurements and data from 13 balloon underflights is about 0.6 ppmv with LIMS mixing ratios biased high; this difference is of about the same order as estimated LIMS accuracy and less than the sum of the errors for LIMS and the balloon techniques. In-orbit precision is 0.2-0.3 ppmv and accuracy is estimated at 20-30 percent from 50 mbar to the stratopause. An unexplained diurnal variation exists in the vertical profile data which is largest at the 1-mbar level and virtually nonexistent at 10 mbar; day values are higher than night. More confidence is placed in zonal mean distributions averaged over several days than in single profiles. A zonal mean pressure-latitude cross section is described for January 5-9, 1979.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 5115-512
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