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  • 2020-2024  (5)
  • 2000-2004  (77)
  • 1970-1974  (11)
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  • 1
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    Chapter 13: Methods development in evidence synthesis: a dialogue between science and society (2024)
    Edward Elgar Publishing | Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: This chapter is about the science of evidence synthesis: the way that academics bring together knowledge from across multiple studies into a whole, to present the state of current understanding about a given area. While scientists have been doing this for centuries in the form of literature reviews, the advent of ‘evidence informed’ decision-making over the past 30-40 years has forced academics to develop a form of literature review that was demonstrably the sum of available knowledge in its area (rather than providing a partial and potentially biased picture). The key challenge methodologically has been in providing useful and useable evidence that can inform decisions, whilst not compromising on the high standards that usually need to be met to make claims about causality. Addressing this challenge has required the evolution of new research methods across multiple disciplines - something that seems likely to continue into the future.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Evidence synthesis; Systematic reviews; Methodology; Evidence-based medicine; Evidence informed policy and practice ; 9781839105722
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photolysis of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (1972)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 94 (1972), S. 8281-8282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00778a085
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TEXTBOOK MULTIGRID EFFICIENCY FOR FLUID SIMULATIONS* (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 35 (2003), S. 317-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recent advances in achieving textbook multigrid efficiency for fluid simulations are presented. Textbook multigrid efficiency is defined as attaining the solution to the governing system of equations in a computational work that is a small multiple of the operation counts associated with discretizing the system. Strategies are reviewed to attain this efficiency by exploiting the factorizability properties inherent to a range of fluid simulations, including the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Factorizability is used to separate the elliptic and hyperbolic factors contributing to the target system; each of the factors can then be treated individually and optimally. Boundary regions and discontinuities are addressed with separate (local) treatments. New formulations and recent calculations demonstrating the attainment of textbook efficiency for aerodynamic simulations are shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.35.101101.161209
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Fate of Haloacetic Acids and Trihalomethanes in an Aquifer Storage and Recovery Program, Las Vegas, Nevada (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 38 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The fate of disinfection byproducts during aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is evaluated for aquifers in southern Nevada. Rapid declines of haloacetic acid (HAA) concentrations during ASR, with associated little change in Cl concentration, indicate that (HAAs) decline primarily by in situ microbial oxidation. Dilution is only a minor contributor to HAA concentration declines during ASR. Trihalomethane (THM) concentrations generally increased during storage of artificial recharge (AR) water and then declined during recovery. The decline of THM concentrations during recovery was primarily from dilution of current season AR water with residual AR water remaining in the aquifer from previous ASR seasons and native ground water. In more recent ASR seasons, for wells with the longest history of ASR, brominated THMs declined during storage and recovery by processes in addition to dilution. These conclusions about THMs are indicated by THM/Cl values and supported by a comparison of measured and model predicted THM concentrations. Geochemical mixing models were constructed using major-ion chemistry of the three end-member waters to calculate predicted THM concentrations. The decline in brominated THM concentrations in addition to that from dilution may result from biotransformation processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00252.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of moisture in starch hydrolyzates by near-infrared and infrared spectrophotometry (1970)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 42 (1970), S. 1230-1233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60293a039
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIODEGRADATION OF DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS AS A POTENTIAL REMOVAL PROCESS DURING AQUIFER STORAGE RECOVERY (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 36 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The biodegradation potential of two drinking water disinfection byproducts was investigated using aquifer materials obtained from approximately 100 and 200 meters below land surface in an aerobic aquifer system undergoing aquifer storage recovery of treated surface water. No significant biodegradation of a model trihalomethane compound, chloroform, was observed in aquifer microcosms under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. In contrast, between 16 and 27 percent mineralization of a radiolabeled model haloacetic acid compound, chloroacetic acid, was observed. These results indicate that although the potential for biodegradation of chloroacetic acid exists in deep aquifer systems, chloroform entrained within these aquifers or formed in situ will tend to persist. These results have important implications for water managers planning to meet anticipated lowered permissible levels of trihalomethanes in drinking water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04312.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consumer ethics: an application and empirical testing of the Hunt-Vitell theory of ethics (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of consumer marketing 18 (2001), S. 153-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-3761
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Analyzes how consumers make decisions involving ethical issues. In particular, investigates the extent to which consumers rely on ethical norms (deontology) versus the perceived consequences of behaviors (teleology) in forming their ethical judgments and in determining behavioral intentions in situations involving ethical issues. The results based upon three studies, including a national sample of adult consumers, reveal that consumers tend to rely primarily on ethical norms and less on perceived consequences in forming ethical judgments. Results also indicate that consumers, to a large degree, rely primarily on ethical norms in determining their behavioral intentions in situations involving ethical issues. Finally, a number of personal characteristics were tested as moderating variables, but results were generally inconclusive, despite some evidence that education and religiosity may be moderators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760110386018
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the mesostructure of fused-deposition acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene materials (2000)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Rapid prototyping journal 6 (2000), S. 175-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2546
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fused-deposition (FD) is a robotically controlled "fiber" extrusion process that produces a new class of materials with a variety of controllable mesostructural features related to fiber layout and the presence of voids. Mesostructural features of importance to the stiffness and strength of unidirectionally extruded materials were characterized as a function of the processing variables. Samples were made using the Stratasys FDM1600 Modeler with the P400 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic. Results showed that the void geometry/density and the extent of bonding between contiguous fibers depended strongly on the fiber gap and extrusion flow rate. Settings for minimum void and maximum fiber-to-fiber bonding were determined. Void and bond length densities in the plane transverse to the fiber extrusion direction varied from 4 to 16 per cent and 39 to 73 per cent respectively. The results quantify the important mesostructural features as a function of the FD process variables and are expected to find use with other FD materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540010337056
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene fused deposition materials modeling (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Rapid prototyping journal 9 (2003), S. 219-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2546
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Analytical/Computational models for the fused deposition (FD) material stiffness and strength as a function of mesostructural parameters are developed. Effective elastic moduli are obtained using the strength of materials approach and an elasticity approach based on the asymptotic theory of homogenization. Theoretical predictions for unidirectional FD-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene materials are validated with experimentally determined values of moduli and strength. For moduli predictions, the results were found to be satisfactory with difference between experimental and theoretical values of less than 10 percent in most cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540310489604
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fused deposition materials. Experimental investigation (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Rapid prototyping journal 7 (2001), S. 148-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2546
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An experimental study of the mechanical behavior of fused-deposition (FD) ABS plastic materials is described. Elastic moduli and strength values are determined for the ABS monofilament feedstock and various unidirectional FD-ABS materials. The results show a reduction of 11 to 37 per cent in modulus and 22 to 57 per cent in strength for FD-ABS materials relative to the ABS monofilament. These reductions occur due to the presence of voids and a loss of molecular orientation during the FD extrusion process. The results can be used to benchmark computational models for stiffness and strength as a function of the processing parameters for use in computationally optimizing the mechanical performance of FD-ABS materials in functional applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540110395547
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